CHIM-TM 2013-2014 1st Semester (TOUR10) - 1

INTERNATIONAL TIME ZONES AND MANUAL TIME COMPUTATION

The 24-hour System/ Zulu Time/Military Time

This system is important in computing the local time of one country. The A.M. Time Noon The P.M. Time Midnight

(Meridian) 0100 1300 0200 1400 0300 1500 0400 1600 0500 1700 0600 1200 1800 2400/0000 0700 1900 0800 2000 0900 2100 1000 2200 1100 2300 Probably, you are wondering what the abbreviations A.M. and P.M. stands for? Here is the answer. Do you remember this?

“A line of longitude is also called a meridian, derived from the Latin, from meri,

a variation of “medius” which denotes “middle”, and diem, meaning “day.” The word meridian once meant “noon”, and times of the day before noon were

known as “ante meridian”, while times after it were “post meridian.” Today’s abbreviations a.m. and p.m. come from these terms, and the SUN at noon was said to be “passing meridian.” All points on the same line of longitude experienced noon (and any other hour) at the same time and were therefore said to be on the same “meridian line’, which became “meridian” for short. The World Map and Its Time Zones

- The world is round; it has a total of 360 degrees. - Every longitude is divided into 15 degrees/ every 15 degrees latitude

is equivalent to 1 hour - It has a total of 24 hours.

CHIM-TM 2013-2014 1st Semester (TOUR10) - 2

Manual Computation Step 1: TD - Time Difference of countries being compared.

Formula: TZC1 Time Zone of Country 1

(PC) Process of Computation TZC2 Time Zone of Country 2

_________________ TD Time Difference Note: Same TZ Sign = Subtraction Different TZ sign = Addition

Step 2: Main Formula

GT C1 Given Time of Country 1

(PC) Process of Computation TD Time Difference

_________________ LT of C2 Local Time of Country 2 Note: Process of Computation WESTWARD = SUBTRACTION

C2 GT EASTWARD = ADDITION

GT + C2

CHIM-TM 2013-2014 1st Semester (TOUR10) - 3

- 11 Samoa - 10 Hawaii Island Society Island Tahiti - 8 California - 7 Arizona - 6 Belize El Salvador Costa Rica Guatemala Nicaragua Mexico - 5 Bahamas Ecuador Cuba Haiti Jamaica NYC Peru - 4 Aruba Bolivia Chile Dominican Rep Paraguay Puerto Rico Trinidad and Tobago - 3 Argentina Greenland Suriname Uruguay - 2 Brazil

- 1 Azores 0 UK (London) Mali Liberia Ireland Morocco + 1 Albania Algeria /Angola Austria/Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Chad/Congo Czech Rep. / Denmark Germany/ Gibraltar France Hungary/Italy Luxembourg/ Malta Norway/Nigeria Poland/Portugal Spain/Sweden Switzerland The Netherlands + 2 Belarus/Bulgaria/ Burundi/ Cyprus/Egypt Estonia/Israel/ Finland/ Greece/Jerusalem/ Jordan/ Latvia/Lebanon/ Lithuania/ Malawi/Moldova Romania/Russia South Africa/Sudan Swaziland/Syria/Turkey Zaire/Zambia Zimbabwe + 3 Comoros Bahrain/Eritrea/ Ethiopia/Kuwait/ Somalia/Somalia/ Saudi Arabia Qatar/Tanzania/ Uganda/ Yemen

+ 4 Armenia/Georgia/ Mauritius/Oman/ Seychelles/ UAE + 5 Kyrgyz tan Maldives/Tajikistan/ Turkmenistan/ Uzbekistan/ + 6 Bangladesh/Bhutan/ Kazakhstan + 7 Cambodia/Indonesia/ Lao PDR/ Thailand/ Vietnam + 8 China/ Brunei Darussalam / Hong Kong/ Macau/Malaysia/Mongolia/ Philippines/Singapore/ Taiwan/ + 9 Japan/ Korea, South and North/ Palau + 10 Australia/ Guam/ Mariana Islands/ Papua New Guinea + 11 Loyalty Island/ New Caledonia/ Solomon Isl./ Vanuatu + 12 Kiribati/ New Zealand

CHIM-TM 2013-2014 1st Semester (TOUR10) - 4

ELAPSED FLYING TIME

Elapsed flying time is an important concept in both domestic and international

air travel it is especially important when booking international passengers for long-distance travel. There are many different methods to calculate elapsed flying times. To find the elapsed flying time for any flight schedule, change the departure and arrival times what time it would in GMT (GMT time). Then, just figure the number of hours and minutes to obtain the actual travel time or elapsed flying time. Example: A flight departs New York at 6:00 P.M. (local time). It arrives in Munich at 7:30 A.M. the next morning (local time). Step 1. Find out the relationship of both the departure and arrival cities to the GMT zone: New York is GMT (-5) Munich is GMT (+1) Step 2. Change each local time to what it would be in GMT 6:00 PM (New York time at -5) = 11:00 PM GMT 7:30 AM (Munich time at +1) = 6:30 AM GMT Step 3. Count the number of hours and minutes using the converted GMT times.

From 11:00 PM to 6:30 AM (the next morning) = 7 hours and 30 minutes elapsed flying time.