towards a fairer world of digital work -...
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Towards a Fairer World of Digital Work
Mark Graham (@geoplace)Oxford Internet Institute
University of Oxford
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the world is increasingly defined by labour surplus
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Distribution of the global labour force(in millions)
data source: ILO
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the world is increasingly defined by increasing connectivity
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2012
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Training programme for digital workers in Nairobi.
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Bargaining power of digital workers
Value chain (re)configurations
Skills upgrading
Economic inclusion
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Bargaining power of digital workers
Value chain (re)configurations
Skills upgrading
Economic inclusion
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vacancies as a % of the global market(where the jobs are coming from)
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workers as a proportion of the global labour supply(where the workers are)
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Country Potential workforce Successful workers Oversupply
Global 1,775,500 198,900 1,576,600
Philippines 221,100 32,800 188,300
Malaysia 11,900 500 11,400
Vietnam 7,700 1000 6,700
Kenya 21,700 1,500 20,200
Nigeria 7000 200 6800
South Africa 10,200 800 9400
Labour oversupply on one of the world’s largest platforms
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hours worked by digital workers
“Seven days a week. It can be at night, can be during the day, anytime…. Sometimes you don’t have any contracts so when you have them you have to work”
[Kenyan freelancer]
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Survey respondents spent an average of 18 hours every week browsing, applying and reading about jobs.
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“Most people, most Filipinos, they work for 50 cents. It's so embarrassing. You're a professional. You know how to do this job... She just wants to get a job. It's really affecting those ones that know how to do the job”
“Most people, most Filipinos, they work for 50 cents. It's so embarrassing. You're a professional. You know how to do this job... She just wants to get a job. It's really affecting those ones that know how to do the job”
- Oluwa – Nigerian worker- Oluwa – Nigerian worker
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Bargaining power of digital workers
Value chain (re)configurations
Skills upgrading
Economic inclusion
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$3.50 $3.50
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Bargaining power of digital workers
Value chain (re)configurations
Skills upgrading
Economic inclusion
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Bargaining power of digital workers
Value chain (re)configurations
Skills upgrading
Economic inclusion
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Platform cooperativesPlatform cooperatives
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Regulatory strategiesRegulatory strategies
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“freedom to end a contract at any time”“freedom to end a contract at any time”
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Stephen Plaster, thenounproject
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Labour-rights strategiesLabour-rights strategies
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Pay
Conditions
Contracts
Communication
Management
Governance
Use of Data
Representation
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thank youwww.markgraham.space@geoplace