towards a general user model ontology (gumo)4 workshop ontologies for personal memory saarbrücken,...

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Workshop Ontologies for Personal Memory Saarbrücken, May 25th, 2005

Towards a General User Model Ontology(GUMO)

Towards a General User Model Ontology(GUMO)

Dominik Heckmann IUI Lab Prof. Wahlster: Project SPECTERPhD Research: Ubiquitous User Modeling

Workshop „Ontologies for Personal Memory“ DFKI Saarbrücken, May 25th, 2005


OverviewOverview

• Main Research Hypothesis – permanent evaluation of user behavior with a variety of systems

will improve user models and lead to attractive new services

• Main Task– information-exchange and knowledge-sharing between user-

adaptive systems on the web and in instrumented environments

• Presented Methods– RDF-based exchange language: UserML– OWL-based ontology: GUMO

OntologiesApplications Statements

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Outlook of the TalkOutlook of the Talk

1. Applications: motivation for ubiquitous user modelingairport scenario

2. Statements: model of SituationalStatements (UserML)influences the design of the ontology

3. Ontologies: main concepts and classes in GUMOdescribe vocabulary & OWL representation

4. AdminTools: OntologyBrowser, UserModelEditor short demo

5. Services: situation retrieval, conflict resolutionappendix


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Office Airport HotelVariety of

Environments

Motivating Idea in the Airport Scenario:Exchange of Situational Information

Motivating Idea in the Airport Scenario:Exchange of Situational Information

PedestrianNavigationPedestrianNavigation

Shopping Guide

Shopping Guide

Restaurant Guide

Restaurant Guide

AdaptiveHypertextAdaptiveHypertext

Variety ofApplications

AirportNavigationAirport

NavigationAdaptiveSpeech

Interaction

AdaptiveSpeech

Interaction

Product Recommen-

dation

Product Recommen-

dationAdaptive

Web-SitesAdaptive

Web-SitesLocation-based

InformationPresentation

Location-basedInformation

Presentation

Variety ofAdaptation

Functionality

TVTV

WWWWWW Info KioskInfo Kiosk HallHall GateGate

AirplaneAirplaneShopShop

WWWWWWVariety ofLocations

RestRoomRest

Room

Variety ofSituations


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administration

privacy

explanation

What will be exchanged?Mainpart + Meta Data =

What will be exchanged?Mainpart + Meta Data =

„Peter ist under high time pressure“

Which meta data is interesting for distributed and ubiquitous user modeling?

When and how long is the statement valid?Where is Peter under time pressure?

Who claims this and which explanation is given?What is the evidence and the confidence?

Who is the owner of this information?What are the privacy settings?

How can the statement be uniquely identified?Can the statement be grouped with others?

situation

mainpart


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SituationalStatement SituationalStatement


administration

privacy

explanation

situation

mainpart

Subject = PeterAuxiliary = hasProperty Predicate = timePressureRange = low-medium-highObject = high

Start = 2005-04-16T19:15End = 2005-04-16T19:25Durability = few minutesLocation = airport.dutyfreePosition = x34-y22-z15

Key = ********Owner = PeterAccess = friends-onlyPurpose = researchRetention = few days

Mainpart

Situation

Privacy

Situational Statement / Box

Source = peter.repositoryCreator = airport.inferenceMethod = deduction13Evidence = id2, id3Confidence = most-probably

Explanation

id = 23unique = u2m.org#154123replaces = u2m.org#154006group = UserModelnotes = ;-(

Administration

SituationalStatement SituationalStatement


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ServicesSituational Statement / RDF-XML

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A24 A25

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Reification-based RDF RepresentationReification-based RDF Representation

Situational Statement / RDF Graph (Reification)

M1

P3P2P1

M5

S3S2S1

M2/M3/M4

Mainpart (Reified)

s:owner s:access

s:confidence

s:start s:durability s:location

Privacy

Situation

P4

s:purpose s:retention

E3

E1

E2s:c

reator

s:method

s:evidence

E4

S4

s:position

Explanation


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Relational RDF RepresentationRelational RDF Representation

Situational Statement / RDF Graph

M1

P3P2P1

M3

C3C2C1

Mainpart

s:owner

s:access

s:confidences:st

art

s:du

rabi

lity s:location

Privacy

Situation

P4

s:pu

rpos

e

s:reten

tion

E3

E1

E2s:cr

eator

s:method

s:evidence

E4

C4

s:position

Explanation

M2

M5

statement#id

s:range

s:obje

ct

s:predicate

s:subject

M4

s:auxiliary


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From SituationalStatements to GUMOFrom SituationalStatements to GUMO

SUMO/Milo+ UbisOntology+ any Ontology

GUMOGeneral User Model

OntologySubject = PeterAuxiliary = hasProperty Predicate = timePressureRange = low-medium-higObject = high

Start = 2003-04-16T19:28End = ?Durability = few minutes

Mainpart

Situation

UserML Statement

semantic pointersSubject = PeterAuxiliary = hasProperty Predicate = timePressureRange = low-medium-higObject = high

Start = 2003-04-16T19:37End = ?Durability = few minutes

Mainpart

Situation

UserML Statement

Subject = Peter Auxiliary = hasProperty Predicate = timePressureRange = low-medium-highObject = high

Start = 2003-04-16T19:15End = 2004-04-16T19:25Durability = few minutes

Mainpart

Situation

UserML Statement

expiry+privacy defaults

ontological effects

&


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From SituationalStatements to GUMOFrom SituationalStatements to GUMO

• default expiry of information into the ontology?– physiologicalState.heartbeat: can change within seconds– mentalState.timePressure: can change within minutes– emotionalState.happiness: can change within minutes– characteristics.inventive: can change within months– personality.introvert: can change within years– demographics.birthplace: can’t normally change at all

• default privacy settings into the ontology? – disabilities.colorblindness: should be accesible for presentation systems– disabilities.wheelchair: intersting for pedestrian navigation systems– demographics.birthplace: accessible or hidden?– emotionalState.happiness: accessible or hidden?


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From RDF Triples to Five-tuplesFrom RDF Triples to Five-tuples

• argument 1: different auxiliaries for each user model dimension- Peter is currently teaching- Peter likes teaching very much– Peter knows a lot about teaching

• argument 2: different ranges for each user model dimension– Peter’s time pressure is low (within a scale of low-medium-high)– Peter’s time pressure is 0.6 (within a numeric scale between 0 and 2)– Peter’s time pressure is 30% (within 0% - 100%)

From RDF triples to five-tuples:


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User Model Auxiliaries &Basic User Dimensions

User Model Auxiliaries &Basic User Dimensions


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literature study, Prof. Jameson`s tutorial, introspection

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Predicate = rdf:DescriptionPredicate = rdf:Description

Happiness

800616

minutes.520050

medium.640032


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Gumo is part of UbisWorldBUT: Gumo will become part of SUMO

Gumo is part of UbisWorldBUT: Gumo will become part of SUMO

3 47 2 13 4 5

Relations & Statements (binary or n-ary)

28 183 97 1 23 3 5

UbisWorld Concept ( Ontology + Instances + Relations)UbisWorld Concept ( Ontology + Instances + Relations)

Physical Ontology

Physical Ontology Spatial Ontology

Spatial Ontology Temporal Ontology

Temporal Ontology

User/Group

Activity Ontology

Activity Ontology

Classes & Predicates

Device/Object Location

Individuals (id, label, category, parents, …)

Time

OWLDamlOILRDFSQL

InferenceOntology

InferenceOntology

Event Situation Inference

OWLRDFSQLXML

Situation Ontology

Situation Ontology

GUMOGUMO


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Online Ontology EditorOnline Ontology EditorOntologiesA

pplications Statements

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User Model InspectionUser Model Inspection

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1

3

4

5

2

6

7


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User Model EditorUser Model Editor

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9

10

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Demo: Ontology ToolsDemo: Ontology Tools

• OntologyBrowser

• UserModelEditor

• WebVisualization

• …


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Information flow with UserML & UserQL(Add, Query, Report)

Information flow with UserML & UserQL(Add, Query, Report)

Conflict Resolution Filter & Ranking

Situation Server

DB XMLDB

Distributed SituationalStatements

Distributed Ontologies

Context Ontology

Other Ontologies

Situation Adder

user/system-adaptedUserML ReportUserQL Request

Add by UserML

UserUser

1

3 5

2

4.1

4.3

4.2

System UserUser System

RDF


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Summary: Overall ArchitectureSummary: Overall Architecture

XML

Distributed Statements

Distributed Ontologies

Other Ontologies

DBDB RDF

UbisWorld Ontology+ SUMO

UserModel OntologyGUMO

UserQL

UserModelEditor

XFormsViewer

StrategyVisualizer

OntologyEditor

UserMLViewer

LocationManager

AdminTools

Distributed Services

SituationServer

ConflictResolution

SituationAdder

OntologyReasoning

Applications

RetrievalFilter

InferenceEngine

UserML

InterfaceManager

Add

Query

OWLOWL

NavigationPersonalNaviIndoorPosition(Real, m3i)

MuseumTorreAquilaVölklingenIron(Peach)

SpeechGenderDetectorAgeDetector(m3i)

BioSensorsAlarmManagerBioRating(Ready, Rena)

ShoppingCyberShopSmartShop(Real, Specter)

Report

ContextEditor


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Conclusion & Future WorkConclusion & Future Work

• Contributions– SituationalStatements (UserML)

(introduces n-ary relations into Semantic Web Languages)– GUMO = mid-level ontology for user model dimensions– WebService approach for distributed user-adaptive applications – Overall Architechture for ubiquitous user modeling

• Further Work– Integrate GUMO into SUMO/MILO


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