TowardsaProjectCentricMetadataModelandLifecycleforOntologyMappingGovernanceChristopheDebruyne,BrianWalsheandDeclanO’SullivanADAPTCentre,TrinityCollegeDublin

The ADAPT Centre is funded under the SFI Research Centres Programme (Grant 13/RC/2106) and is co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund.

www.adaptcentre.ie Context

•  Seman@cheterogeneityontheLinkedDataWeb.Howcanthisproblembetackled?Withontologymatchingandmapping.

•  OntologyMatching:detec@ngthecorrespondencesthatcons@tuteanalignment.

•  OntologyMapping:interpre@ngthesecorrespondencestocreateanexecutablemapping(wrtrequirements)

ImagefromShvaikoandEuzenat’s"OntologyMatching:StateoftheArtandFutureChallenges",IEEETransac@onsonKnowledge&DataEngineering,vol.25,no.1,pp.158-176,Jan.2013.

www.adaptcentre.ie Context

•  Thoughthefieldofontologymatchingandmappingisaroundforoveradecade,EuzenatandShvaikoiden@fiedseveralchallengesthats@llhavetobetackled(2013).

•  Infrastructureandsupportforontologyalignmentmanagement:“[t]hechallengeistoprovideconvenientandinteroperablesupport,onwhichtoolsand,moreimportantly,onwhichapplica@ons,canrelyinordertostoreandsharealignments.Thisinvolvesusingstandardwaystocommunicatealignmentsandretrievethem.Hencealignmentmetadataandannota@onsshouldbeproperlytakenintoaccount.”

•  But…

www.adaptcentre.ie Problem

•  Managementac@vi@esareartefact-centricandconcernedwithstoringandsharing.Relatedworkisofenlimitedto(annota@onsof)producedar@facts.

•  Weargueaproject-centricapproachshouldbeadopted.•  Mappingsarecreatedforapurpose•  Progressistheresultofagreementprocessesbetween

thecommunityofstakeholders•  Generatemetadataastheprojectprogresses

•  Notonlyformulatequeriesaboutalignment,mappings,ANDprojects:“Whatarethemostdebatedaspectsinapar@cularontologymappingproject?”

www.adaptcentre.ie Relatedwork

OntologyMappingMetadata[AF,EDEOL,OM2R,…]•  Focusesonrepresen@ngalignmentsordesignedtofacilitate

discoveryandreuse.•  Metadatamodelsinappropriatelyrepresentthedomain;for

instance,“requirementsarepartofamappingproject”and“amappingprojectresultsinamapping”insteadof“requirementsarepartofamapping”.

OntologyMappingLifecycles[OISIN,Thomasetal,…]•  Liklerelatedwork.•  Artefact-centricandmostcontainnofeedbackloop.•  Reuse,sharingandpublica@onofalignments(ormappings)are

consideredseparateac@vi@esnotintegratedinamapping’slifecycleorworkflow.

ProvenanceinformaMonofgenerateddataviamappings•  Notcoveredinthispresenta@on.

www.adaptcentre.ie Relatedwork

Provenance•  Providesinsightsona

resource’sorigin,suchaswhocreatedit,whenitwasmodifiedorhowitwascreated(Zhao&Har@g,2012).

•  Someini@a@vesexisttocaptureprovenanceinforma@on(inpartalsocoveredbyontologymappingmetadatavocabularies).But,PROV-O–aW3CRecommenda@on–isanimportantresource.

Coreconceptsandrela@onsinPROV-O,Copyright©2011-2013W3C®(MIT,ERCIM,

Keio,Beihang).

www.adaptcentre.ie Approach

Ourproposedapproach•  Adoptaproject-centricviewthat

•  takesintoaccountallmappingprojectphasesand•  adequatelyrecordstheac@vi@esbythestakeholders•  resul@nginatraceableandtransparentprocess.

•  Manymoreartefactscanberelatedtomappingprojects,includingscopes,requirements,decisions,discussions,etc.

•  How?

1.  Proposeanontologymappinglifecycle2.  Proposeanontologymappingmetadatamodel3.  Elaborateonontologymappinggovernanceac@vi@es

www.adaptcentre.ie OntologyMappingLifecycle

ReuseCharacterizationStaging

Scope Data Discovery

Requirements Analysis

Data Analysis Discover

Evaluate

Reuse?

Matching

Evaluate Execute Plan

NoAlign and Map

Create Alignment PrepareRender

Mapping

Application

Yes

Source Data

Target Data

Candidate Correspondences

Alignments

Mapping

StakeholdersStagingNeedforcommuni@esCharacterizaMonAnalyzeontologieswrttoscopeandrequirementsReusePar@alorcompletereuse?MatchingDiscoveringcorrespondencesMappingRefinecorrespondencesforalignmentandcreatemappingApplicaMonMonitormappings

www.adaptcentre.ie OntologyMappingMetadataModel

OntologyMappingMetadataModel•  FirstconceptualizedwithObjectRoleModelling.

•  Inthispaperandpresenta@on,weadopteda“UML-like”graphicalpresenta@on.

•  TheontologyadoptsPROV-OandisavailableasanOWL2ontology.hkps://raw.githubusercontent.com/CNGL-repo/mapping-provenance-published/master/mapping-provenance.owl

www.adaptcentre.ie OntologyMappingMetadataModel

OR

rdfs:subClassOf

0..1 prov:wasInformedBy 1..1

mg:OntologyAnalysis

0..* prov:used 1..1

mg:Evaluation

mg:Plan

mg:Requirement mg:ReuseEvaluation

mg:MatcherConfiguration

1..* prov:generated 1..*0..* prov:used 1..*

prov:Entity

mg:Matcher

0..* mg:withMatcher 1..1

prov:SoftwareAgent

rdfs:subClassOf

mg:Reuse

0..* prov:used 1..1

xsd:string

0..* mg:withParameter 1..1

mg:Resource

0..* mg:withResource 1..1

rdfs:subClassOf

Planningthematchingphase

www.adaptcentre.ie MappingGovernance

•  DataGovernanceisdefinedas“acontrolthatensuresthatthedataentry[…]meetsprecisestandards,suchas[…]dataintegrityconstraintsinthedatamodel.Thedatagovernorusesdataqualitymonitoring[…]tocommunicateerrorsindata[…]”(Wikipedia)

•  OWL2isgoodforpublishingdataontheLDWebandadoptstheOpenWorldAssump@on.However,ourplatormwouldneedtoadoptaclose(r)worldassump@onastomeetourconstraints.

•  Forourtools,thisiscoveredbyourdatabaseschemaandapplica@onlogic.

•  Whatifdatacomesfromelsewhere?

www.adaptcentre.ie MappingGovernance

•  BecauseoftheOWA,OWLaxiomsdonotwork.

•  WethusadoptanapproachproposedbyTaoetal.(2010),wherebasicallyconstraintsaretranslatedintoSPARQLSELECTorASKqueriestodetectproblems

!"#$% ⊓¬ 1!"#ℎ! .!"#$%&' ⊑⊥ ∃!"#ℎ.!ℎ!"!#$%"&'% ⊓¬ ∃!"#ℎ. !"#$% ⊑⊥

ASKWHERE{?samg:Stage.NOTEXISTS{?projectmg:with?s.}}

ASKWHERE{?pamg:Project.?pmg:with?c.?camg:Characterize.NOTEXISTS{?pmg:with?s.?samg:Stage.}}

www.adaptcentre.ie ConclusionsandFutureWork

Conclusions•  Crea@onandmanagementof

ontologymappingsisfarfromtrivial.Metadatamodelsfocusontherepresenta@onofartefacts,onthesupportfordiscoveryandreuseandareoflimitedexpressivity.

•  Weproposedanewontologymappinglifecycleandmetadatamodelthatadoptsaproject-centricviewandrelatesartefacts,stakeholdersandanontologymappingproject.Facilita@ngmappinggovernance.

FutureWork•  Buildtoolsupportforthe

methodandgatherdataforevalua@on.

•  Structurethediscussions,adop@ngSIOCandIBIS

•  Leverageuserinvolvementofthemul@pledifferentstakeholders(Ramyetal.,2015)

•  AdopttheDesignIntentOntology(Solanki,2015),whichisanOntologyDesignPakerntostructureand“reason”overtherequirements.

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