Starting pointHammarkullen carneval 1974

Starting pointHammarkullen carneval 2010

Stage and standsfor dance shows

Crowded placeduring carneval

Stage

Market and food stands

Carnevaltivoli

Carnevalthrift market

Stage atthe square

Syrianska kulturföreningen i Angered (association)

Mötesplatsen"Röda Stugan"

Library Hammarkullens bibliotek

Citizens centerMedborgarkontoret

Learning centerFolkhögskolan i Angered

Centrum för Urbana StudierGöteborgs Universitet/Chalmers

Unga örnar(association)

PRO(association)

CC Libertad(association)

Spaces at the school Hammarkulleskolanused all year for carneval planning and trainingby the association Los Copihues

Spaces at the sports centre Hammarkullehallenused all year for carneval planning and trainingby the association CC Libertadand as a stage during carneval

Spaces at Mixgården youth centreOpen monday-friday for ages 13-20music/dance/sports/music studio/group activities/film/games/café

Spaces for rent at the People’s House in Hammarkullen

Space “Astrid”for meetings and study circles

25-30 persons table seating

Study circle: 80.-

Theatre “Hammarsalen”for social events/film/music/theater/dance/meetings/exhibitions

Area: 210m²200 persons cinema seating150 persons table seating

Hourly fee dance:120.-Large social event (4pm-1am): 4000.-

Small theatre “Alfons”

Area: 81m²50 persons cinema seating30-40 persons table seating

Hourly fee dance: 110.-Study circle: 110.-

used all year for carneval planning and trainingby the association Los Copihues

Sköna Konsterna (association)

Ham Sam and Carneval committee (associations)

Chile Lindo (association)

CC Libertad (association)

Spaces at the school Nytorpsskolanused all year for carneval planning and trainingby the association Intl. Sköna Konsterna

Space for rent at Hammarhörnan (Bostadsbolaget)used all year for carneval planning and trainingby the association Tunari

Public swimming center Hammarkullebadet

park/nature

park/open field

playground

open air barbecue

farming

sports

religious space

learning space

carneval path 1974

carneval path 2010

Crowded placro dddeedd plaacoo ccaappeedddeded placapd lacappd ded placcapded plpded placcapdededuring carnevrinng carnevrir varnevng carnevng ca vvevv

allmän platsmark =public space ownedand managed by themunicipality

Towards a Quiet Urbanism– methods for involving Social movements in /the making of/ a new practice for the city

There seems to be a general perception that social movements belong to the past. Is that the case? Why isn’t the non-profit sector seen as an important actor in the making of society? Today, we see how urban development is driven by public-private-partnerships, and fails to include local stakeholders. It does not meet the needs and desires of local communities, resulting in displacement, increased segregation and social inequity.

How can the concept of the city be expanded be-yond images of built form, and support civitas?

The market as planner

Market-driven planning has been an effective model for urban development in areas of economic growth, however it often fails in situations with lack of population growth or with waker economic incentives. Further, the introduction of planning agreement (Planavtal), has meant a dramatic shift in terms of which actors that can have an impact on urban change. When public planning increasingly is fi-nanced by the private sector, the municipalities have less possibility to be proactive, and become gradually more dependent on the market to act. Democratic aspects are easily breached.

How can democratic values be re-implemented in urban planning?

All or nothing

Present urban practice primarily sways between two ex-tremes; radical change or static modes. The building indus-try seems to be stuck in a mode of “big cranes” – large-scale production, large-scale economies – which was introduced during the 1960s. There is little room for local knowledge, diverse interests or a slow pace.

‘Den täta blandstaden’ (the dense, mixed city). It common-ly refers to a block city structure with commercial functions on the ground floor. This practice create urbs, or images of a vibrant, mixed city, but does not manage, support and create environments for civitas. There is little room for diversity and civitas has been reduced to commercial func-tions only.

Urbanization and housing shortage in metropolitan areas have put planning and urban regeneration in the spotlight. Meanwhile, the current city narrative has been narrowed to a trade-intensive, compact grid city. There confusion between the concept of the city as a phenom-enon and its physical structure is illustrated by the Swedish term ‘stadsmässig’ (looking like a city, but not necessarily containing citiness). The modernistic suburb then becomes something radically different, something outside of norma-tive city discourse.

Today’s planning ideals react against modernist ideas, but by rejecting previous learnings instead of having an open attitude, it risks to repeat the same mistakes. Trying to conform and transform a modernist structure to fit the dominant image of the city, without understanding present values and content, is a perilous and tragic path for devel-opment.

This tends to overlook existing values and hence sustainability aspects. Areas facing radical changes are often described by developers as wastelands, even when they are full of civitas. In a long perspective, this is nothing but unsustainable.

How can small-scale, incremental development be supported?

Citizens as consumers or producers?

The interests in the city and its development lie in the ma-jor capital values that can be realized through the expansion and densification of the city. The municipal objective to solve housing shortage in metropolitan areas, rhymes well with construction and real estate market aims of a denser and more attractive (expensive) city. At the same time, there is a widening gap between supply and demand, and large groups are excluded from the housing market.

We face a situation where influence requires capital, and where capital is concentrated in tight circles. Further, privately financed planning quickly erodes public influence and subsequently, democracy. Internet has made it possible to quickly create public opinion on urban change, unfortu-nately resulting in a reactive debate, polarized and simpli-fied. The possibility for citizens, NGOs and others to influ-ence and build the city is reduced to a passive yes or no.

How to evolve from a reactionary to a participating and proactive civil society?

Social Space in Hammarkullen

In Hammarkullen, we find a resilient and locally engaged community. Counting civil associations per capita, Ham-markullen is one of the most prosperous neighborhoods in Sweden. This year will be the 40th anniversary of the carni-val Hammarkullekarnevalen, a manifestation of the area´s multicultural local identity.

As rising land prices, exploitation and commerciali-zation lead to uniformity and streamlining in city centers, Hammarkullen and other peripheral areas contrast by hold-ing a combination of diversity, affordability, large public land ownership, a strong basic structure, and an engaged civil society. Thus more inclusive and democratic than dense, commercialized city blocks; it provides more space for civil life.

Reflections

Civitas and urbs are Latin terms describing a “moral” and a “material” citizenship. Civitas include religious, politi-cal and social aspects of a community or city, whereas urbs describes its physical form.

In modern significance, city has come to coincide with urbs (form). To put focus to the city’s inherent life and social dimensions, Jane Jacobs, writer and observer of urban life, chooses to use the word citiness. She likens the city to an ecosystem, an organic process with a self-generating ability. According to Jacobs, the city’s regenerative processes stem from citizens’ local knowledge and commitment and are shaped by diverse interests.

The problem of image

Rapid urbanization and public withdrawal or privatiza-tion in favor of market economy has come to underpin the dominant narrative of present Swedish planning discourse;

OM FOLKRÖRELSER

102

Stories of HammarkullenOne suburb but two radically different images. The dominant narrative of suburbs built in the 1960s and 1970s has, ever since their completion, been stigma-tizing their physical design and their inhabitants. Few (visitors) are able to see behind the concrete elements of the façades and get a feel for the life that is lived in and between the buildings. In society and media, this stigma is constantly being reproduced, for example by attributing residents as passive, depending on allow-ances, unemployed and unwilling to “integrate”.

Planning ideals of today - the mixed, dense city - stand in stark contrast to modernism’s spacious univer-salism. Precisely because of this, there are fundamen-tally different opportunities in the suburb compared to the dense city center. The suburbs need be included in the concept of the city. Those who take the time to experience Hammarkullen would find many seeds for a truly sustainable and diverse future society.

”En kväll i Göteborg i början på mars 2015. ’Vårt Hammarkullen’ har kallat till möte. Det mäktiga var att boende var gruppen som skrev dagordningen, att nya grupper var aktiva, att andra verksamhets- och myndighetsrepresentanter var med men nu i rollen som deltagare och intresserade att ingå i kollektivets arbete och att organiseringen var på en nivå som samlade många olika grupperingar, organisationer och verk-samheter i området för ett gemensamt fokus på lokal samhällsutveckling. På sikt tror jag synliggörandet av detta nav kan mobilisera en kraft som tvingar tunga förvaltningskulturer engagerade i stadens utveckling till en djupgående inre demokratiseringsprocess.”

Lars FrykUniversitetslektor, Centrum för Urbana studier, Intervju 2015

“Hammarkulletorget är förresten inget torg. Visst, det har några bänkar – knivskurna och brända och nedklot-trade med Fuck the police, Fuck Aina, Skjut en snut. Och det har ett golv i sten – betongsten, för att vara exakt, 120 kronor kvadraten på Bauhaus. Men främst ter sig platsen som en blindtarm, en yta som glöm-des bort när 60-talets arkitekter drog ett djupt bloss på pipan och satte igång att pussla med sina snövita frigolitblock (…) Men förutom Marias pizzeria finns här bara bibliotek och föreningslokaler och äldreboende för gamlingar som inte vågar sig ut efter fem.”

Mark IsittJournalist, Göteborgs-Posten 20 mars 2011

Berättelser om HammarkullenEn förort men två radikalt olika bilder. Det domineran-de narrativet om rekordårens förorter har alltsedan deras färdigställande präglats av en stigmatisering av områdenas fysiska gestaltning och deras invånare. Få (besökare) förmår se bakom fasadernas betongele-ment och få en känsla för det liv som levs i och mellan husen. Stigmat gör sig ständigt påmint i form av att ortens boende omskrivs som passiva, bidragsberoen-de, arbetslösa och ovilliga till ”integration”.

Dagens stadsplaneideal - den täta blandstaden - står i bjärt kontrast mot modernismens spatiösa univer-salism. Just därför finns det andra möjligheter i förorten jämfört med den täta stadskärnan. Förorten behöver inkluderas i bilden av staden. Den som tar sig tid att uppleva Hammarkullen kommer hitta många frön till ett verkligt hållbart och mångsidigt framtida samhälle.

Towards a Quiet Urbanism – 1

Actors, procedures, supporting structures

Citizens as agents of change

Inclusion of local knowledge and engagement in regenera-tive processes: we envision a new era in the continuous (re)making of cities, where public-civil-partnerships are key tolocal urban developments. The partnership guarantees that universal societal goals are ensured and that local stakehold-ers are engaged in the process.

Public-civil-partnerships have three democratic values:1. Inclusion: Local knowledge and engagement becomes

part of urban development2. Support: Local cultures and a multitude of interests

can be supported (the opposite of displacement)3. Elasticity: Future generations can be included in

existing neighbourhoods if these allow gradual addi-tions over time

Society is larger than the state and the market, thereby civil society are seen as more than “consumers” on a market. Our vision require a mind-shift where people and groups in civil society are seen as potential agents, not only recipients, of change.

Today’s social movements for urban development are usually rooted in local concerns and organized as horizontal networks of collaboration. We believe that they can develop from a reactionary towards a proactive position, forming a new vernacular building movement, a contemporary ver-sion of the People’s House-movement and other collabora-tive building practices from the early 1900s.

Actions and Measures – Civil Society•Digital tools and libraries, open-source – to share

building instructions like cooking instructions•Pools for exchange and sharing labour, construction

tools, recycled materials, drawings...•Discussion forums – platforms to share experience

and knowledge•Crowdsourcing•Crowdfunding•Creative commons•Local, not-for-profit building organizations and

building enterprises•New collaborations with municipalities (public-civil-

partnerships)

Planning For Conflicting Desires

A revised approach to distribution of power: How can lo-cal engagement and knowledge inform processes and built structures? What fundamental changes are needed to makeplanning practices more equitable?

Planners and architects need to find new ways to interact with civil society and civil building practices; to take a mediating role in between local social movements and overall societal goals of equity and sustainability. The new professions are more to provide services rather than to set the agenda, and to manage processes than to focus on constructed objects.

In a society where more power is given to civil initiatives, the municipal role need to shift towards being an enabler, mediator and evaluator. However, this can lay the foundation for learning cultures that are generative for authorities, citizens and society at large. Ultimately it is an

internal democratization process making everyone a possi-ble player in societal development and change.

Actions and Measures – Legislation/Policy•Updated assessment procedures including sustainabil-

ity aspects and benefit analysis (in PBL).•Policy of equal or weighted distribution between pri-

vate (for-profit) and civil (not-for-profit) initiatives.•Enable new forms of collaborations with civil society

and social movements (public-civil-partnerships).•Funding options for small building cooperatives.

Open up a new state-owned foundation for loans to the in-between category, also giving possibility to finance 10% or more with own labor, like the model of “Egnahemsrörelsen” in the early 1900s.

Municipalities & Authorities•Methods to handle conflicting desires.•Assign resources to support small-scale, incremental

developments.•Policies to support and empower local initiatives.•Revision of local zoning regulations (detaljplaner)

proactively and/or on civil initiatives.•Enabling incremental, small-scale urban development

(not only radical, large-scale development).

Interspace architects

We envision future “interspace architects” to be more oriented towards orchestrating processes rather than object-building, and to have extended knowledge about in-be-tween spaces, physical as well as mental.

Interspace architects are experts on community building and great in handling big groups and small tasks. They work with a management perspective (from the exist-ing) rather than product development perspective (from scratch).

They are aware of connections between technology and humanism and are able to design for conflicting de-sires. They know how to adapt and use existing structures in new ways and by minimal interventions. They find quality in small spaces and recognize the care put into local envi-ronments. They understand the importance of not “making things too perfect and finished” but of also providing space for future ideas, activities and generations, as the idea is not primarily to occupy space, but to trigger relations and social spaces, stimulate new patterns and situations of urban movement in the city. Interspace architects are designers of questions rather than responses, situated between the top-down and bottom-up.

Actions and Measures – Architects/ Professionals•Play a mediating role between bottom-up movements

and overall societal goals.•To focus on constructed objects but also to manage

processes.•New practice of open-source architecture, where

building design become common knowledge and can be shared as easily as cooking instructions.

public sector

idea-based/

private sector

civil society

public sector

private sector

idea-based/civil society

decreased through privatization

increased through privati -zation

�e Welfare YearsIn 1965, a political program is launched, aiming to build one million new homes within a ten-year-period. �is was a top-down approach to improve living standards and building for social change, and at its time the most ambitious in the world. People were to move from the unhealthy cities to modern suburbs, close to nature and connected through public transport. �e public sector was strong and growing, public institutions expanding.

Public-Private-PartnershipsIn the 1980s the state withdraws from housing production and taxes on construction increase. Income di�erences in Sweden are at the lowest level in history, but after 1982 they increase every year. Public-private-partnerships expand and shape society. Increasing privatization, commodi�cation and deregulating symbolise this neoliberal era.

increasing

�nding newcollaborations

Hammarkullegatans fskHammarkrokens fskBred�ällsgatans fsk

Gropens gårds fskRömosseförskolanPärlan fskNytorpsskolanHammarkulleskolanEmmaskolan

MixgårdenCUS

Göteborgs universitetChalmers ArkitekturBostadsbolagetHammarbadetHammarkullehallenHammarkullens bibliotek

Public Sector

School, Institutions, Public housing companies

City planning dept.

Private Sector

Local merchantsPrivate landlords

Idea-basedCivil Society

Democratic process to set“top-down” goals

Legislation based on “top-down” goals

Policies; global, national, local

“Bottom up” - Citizen choice and reference

InterspaceArchitect

Närradioföreningen Angered-Bergum

Maihan Afghanska KF

Hammarkullekarnevalen

Iranska kulturföreningen

Kurdiska Fredsföreningen

Latino Music IKF

Libertad KF

SPF Lerjeå

Stödnätet

Ham Sam

PRO Tunari

Unga Örnar

Folkets Hus

Röseredsgillet

KF Chile Lindo

KF Salvador Allende

Surre Mén-Raea

Syrianska KF

KF Candombé Lubolo

Somaliska fredsföreningen

Somaliska KulturCenter

Internationella Sköna Konsterna

Folhögskolan i Angered

Västsveriges Finska Skrivarförening

Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha,

International Karisma Center

Koptiska Ortodoxa Församlingen

Mångkulturella ungdom center

RPG Tomaskyrkan

Sandeslätts Kristna Församling

Kommuniteten Oikos (EFS)

IF Stendy

Gunnilse IS

Al-Noor föreningen

Angereds Karateklubb

Araucaria IKF

CD Libertad

Hammarkullen FC

Ironman 424 IF

Lejon Taekwondo WTF

Storås Ridklubb

Syrianska IF

Hammarkullegatans fskGropens gårds fskRömosseförskolan

NytorpsskolanHammarkulleskolanEmmaskolanMixgården

Göteborgs universitetChalmers ArkitekturBostadsbolagetHammarbadetHammarkullehallenHammarkullens bibliotek

Allo livs

Gra�undsVideobutik

Jenin grill

Real estate companies

Hammarhus ålderdomshem

Pumpia

Wendy Tran

Hammarhallen

Woody bygghandel

Mohammed Alra�den kött

Civic networksSports clubs,

Religous communitiesPeople’s House

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

“rekordåren” the neo-liberal era post politics

Towards a Quiet Urbanism – 2

OM FOLKRÖRELSER

106

ReflectionsCivitas and urbs are Latin terms describing a “moral” and a “material” citizenship. Civitas include religious, political and social aspects of a community or city, whereas urbs descri-bes its physical form. The concepts of city, civic, civil a citizenship are related to civitas, while urbs is found in the words urban, urba-nity and urbanism.

In the modern significance, city has come to coinci-de with urbs (form). To return the focus to the city’s inherent life and social dimensions, Jane Jacobs, writer and observer of urban life, chooses to use the word citiness. She likens the city to an ecosystem, an organic process with a self-generating ability. Accor-ding to Jane Jacobs, the city’s regenerative processes stem from citizens’ local knowledge and commitment and are shaped by diverse interests. Citizens are able to develop the city incrementally, that is gradually and over time.

The problem of imageRapid urbanization and public withdrawal or privatiza-tion in favor of market economy has come to underpin the dominant narrative of present Swedish planning discourse; ‘Den täta blandstaden’ (the dense, mixed city). It commonly refers to a block city structure with commercial functions on the ground floor, contrasting to modernist planning. This urban practice create urbs,or images of a vibrant, mixed city, but fails to manage,

support and create environments for civitas. There is little room for diversity and civitas has been reduced to commercial functions only.

Urbanization and housing shortage in metropolitan areas have put planning and urban regeneration in the spotlight. Meanwhile, the current city narrative has become more restricted, and come to refer to a narrow definition of a trade-intensive, compact grid city. There is a confusion between the concept of the city as a phe-nomenon and its physical structure, which is illustrated in the Swedish term ‘stadsmässig’ (looking like a city, but not necessarily containing citiness). The modernis-tic suburb then becomes something radically different, something outside of normative city discourse.

Today’s planning ideals react against modernist ideas, but by rejecting previous ideals instead of having an open attitude, it risks to repeat the same mistakes. This is particularly apparent in urban transformation of modernist suburbs. Trying to conform and trans-form the structure to fit the dominant image of the city, without understanding present values and content, is a perilous and tragic path for development.

ON SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

107

How can the concept of the city be expanded beyond images of built form, and support civitas?

The market as plannerMarket-driven planning has been an effective model for urban development in areas of economic growth, however it often fails in suburbs or smaller towns. Situ-ations with lack of population growth or without strong local economies are of no interest for market-driven planning. Further, the introduction of planning agree-ment (Planavtal) – a document regulating the duties and costs in a planning process, has meant a dramatic shift in terms of which actors that can have an impact on urban change. When public planning increasingly is financed by the private sector, the municipalities have less possibility to be proactive, and become gradually more dependent on the market to act. Democratic aspects are easily breached.

How can democratic values be re-implemented in urban planning?

All or nothingSwedish urban planning of the present primarily sways between two extremes on either side of incremental change; radical change and static modes. The building industry seems to be stuck in an era of “big cranes” - large-scale production, large-scale economies - which was introduced during the 1960s. There is little room for local knowledge, diverse interests or a slow pace. This binary way of thinking, all or nothing, tends to overlook existing values and thereby aspects of sus-tainability. Architects and urban planners tend to work

top-down. Areas facing radical changes are often des-cribed by developers as wastelands, even when they are full of civitas. In a long perspective, this is nothing but unsustainable.

How can small-scale, incremental development be supported?

Citizens as consumers or producers?The interests in the city and its development lie in the major capital values that can be realized through the expansion and densification of the city. The municipal objective to solve housing shortage in metropolitan areas, rhymes well with construction and real estate market aims of a denser and more attractive (expen-sive) city. At the same time, there is a widening gap between what is built and what is needed, and large groups are excluded from the housing market. Whether the market alone can solve this problem through increased mobility is yet to prove, however the problem of segregation will hardly decrease by building more expensive apartments.

We face a situation where influence requires cap-ital, and where capital is concentrated in tight circles. In addition to this, privately financed planning quickly erodes public influence and subsequently, erodes democracy. Internet has made it possible to quickly create public opinion on urban change, unfortunately resulting in a reactive debate, polarized and simpli-fied. The possibility for citizens, NGOs and others to influence and build the city is reduced to a passive yes or no.

How to evolve from a reactionary to a participating and proactive civil society?

Read more: Partridge, Eric, 1983, ORIGINS A Short Etymolo-gical Dictionary of Modern English, Greenwich House. Jacobs, Jane, 1961, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Modern Library.

Methods

Introducing inbetween practices

After listening to people that we have met throughout visits on site and elsewhere – professionals in the field, civil so-ciety and social movements – we have distilled (an incom-plete set of ) methods for a new “Quiet Urbanism”.

Quiet Urbanism aims to shift the perception of urban professionals, to create new conceptions of periphery and center, and to find new connections and narratives. The new practice helps architects to propose spaces and struc-tures that can benefit local stakeholders, or to help stake-holders with conflicting desires through spatial/structural interpretation. This incomplete set of methods developed for the practice of Quiet Urbanism needs to be tried with care in each specific context, and our illustrations following are to be read as spatial investigations.

Lars FrykSociologistCenter for Urban Studies

Dina ChebboAmir SadayoArabiska Bok -stavscentret,Hjällbo

Peter RundqvistUtveckling Nordost

MixgårdenYouthcenter,Hammarkullen

If society doesn’t provide, do it yourself.

I listen and then write all positive things

Being connected is key!

FramesA multi-fold strategy to see, observe and display the present by framing positive aspects. A spatial interpretation to frame the positive in a theoretical/general context. How can this create new ways of looking upon the existing? What spatial contai -ners may be needed to catalyze positive spirals of local development?

Missing pieceRespond to the local communities and particular needs. What are the missing pieces to be able to tell new stories? What is missing in daily life? A strategy based on additions rather than replacements, small alterations that accept history and respond to the present. Reacting to changing conditions in society and admitting that nothing is ever �nishedor perfect.

ConnectorsNew additions to the centralizednetwork of modernist planninggradually turn it into a distributednetwork. �is is applied both on amicro level as well as a macrolevel (long term strategy) todevelop the city structureinto an integrated and justspatial as well as relationalnetwork.

Say YES fundInstant responses to local initiatives and ideas. A

-tions or the start of learning/changing processes. It will serve local daily life as well as showcase action.

New mapsTo draw new maps is to challenge the preconceived, the masterplan and its built-in power perspective and is an important method to generate new knowledge. New understandings can be created when mapping what is

distance. �ese maps should be based on knowledge from various people; from inhabitants to local stakehol -

center. How can architects work with maps without passing judgement or without evaluating (omitting) the information displayed?

Barbro BolonassosLibrary director, Fisksätra

To be inclusive of citizenneeds and strives, the

to meet all cultural library is �exible

activities.

Kerstin WennergrenDirector, People’s HouseHammarkullen

Respond and remain in dialogue with your community.

Katarina DespotovicPhotographer

Katarina Despotovichas documented Kville -bäcken in Göteborg to make visible a counter story to the outside media image. �e local knowledge and content of a neighbourhood before the evictions.

For whom is the new city developed??

Make sure to say“yes” if someonecomes in with a newinitiative.

Khashayar NaderehvandiAuthor

Listen and observe the site. Include the place and use all senses whilst exploring a speci�c context. Aperson (the observer) faces the others (the writers). �e observer describes details in the surroundings by using single words, spoken out loud at a slow pace. �e writers weave these words into a continuosly written piece. �e writers will, by having their eyes on their writing and being “all ears” to catch new words, be more open to sounds from the surroundings as well.

�is method gives a di�erent understanding of a place compared to photographic/visual documentation. It helps you to get beyond your very �rst visual impressions of a place andallows you to use your other senses, your presence and your association/imagination.

What do you need??

Quiet urbanism does not call for attention or attract crowds.It is not branded landmarks and icons,it is not visually loud,it is not even primarily visual.

Quiet urbanism is allowing;allowing us to be attentive, to be receptive.It is embracing new collaborations, new voices, new needs in a trans-formative society.It is listening.

Quiet urbanism is not there to recreate the known, but to unveil hidden potentials in each situation.It is incremental, long-term, small investments.It is specific and local.

Quiet urbanism is to obser ve the invisible,to em phasize social dimensions of space.It is new understandings of levels in-between, of resilience, of fragility.It is exploring interspaces.

Quiet urbanism is a process without start or finish.It is about supporting continuous transformation driven by multiple and conflicting interests.It is about being active in the everyday making of society, in the making of space for conflicting desires, strangers and all living things.

Towards a Quiet Urbanism – 3

Examples of outcomes

New Narratives in Hammarkullen

Hammarkullen has, in comparison to the inner city,fundamentally different opportunities to support local loops. By investigating and enhancing rural and urban qualities, and creating new fusions of rural/urban, local communities can become more self-sufficient, for example in food production.

Connectors: New additions to the centralized network of modernist planning gradually turn it into a distributed network. This is applied both on a micro level as well as a macro level (long term strategy) to develop the city struc-ture into an integrated and just spatial network.

Incrementalism: A building practice based on “incremental-ism” encourages people to shape and affect their local living environments and to be active place-makers. The process of incremental improvements and additions offer opportuni-ties which are lost in large-scale one-stop projects. Incre-mentalism is in many ways a return to timeless, vernacular building practices with the potential of turning monolithic, top-down, one-size-fits-all-development into “an awkward blip in mankind´s industrial development”.

Frames: Studying local building practice, we have found examples of incremental change and ideas on how to imag-ine other futures. The gradual upgrading of wooden details in housing area Hammarkroken can be seen as an example of this. The basic structure is still apparent, but the need to exchange certain parts has encouraged everyone to put their own imprint on their house. The expression becomes very rich and fascinating and since some changes are very subtle, one is required to pay full attention to identify them.

Connecting Hammarkullen – Eriksbo

To the right, we have investigated how the concept of a connector combined with incremental development could generate new connections in the relation between Ham-markullen – Emmaskolan – Eriksbo. There are strong intrinsic recreational qualities in the nature, and some infra-structure already present (a school and a parkway), the idea is to build on this by incrementally improving the area as development continues.

By combining the method (connector) with incremental development, we explore in the relation between Ham-markullen och Eriksbo how such a process could gain a physical result. Already present there is a pathway and a school as well as intrinsic recreational values to cling onto. Further on, these both needs to be protected as well as add-ing qualities and securing an infrastructure and foundation for people’s movements and civil society such as building groups, auto-constructions etc to provide opportunities to participate in the process and complete their projects.

•Civil society and people movements negociate and co-operate with public and private stakeholders

•The private sector has a smaller role in supporting the municipality and civil society with for example fund-ing and construction of infrastructure

•The municipality provides planning and securing the basics such as technical infrastructure, protection of existing values and certain guidance and controlling throughout the process

pond

glade

meadowschool yard

hill

Hammarkroken

kindergarten

Emmaskolan

Eriksbo

Hammarkulletorget

bunker

Hammarkullens väg

allotmentsglade

user-definedpark

uncovered creek

Grå

bovä

gen

pond

glade

meadowschool yard

hill

Hammarkroken

kindergarten

Emmaskolan

Eriksbo

Hammarkulletorget

bunker

Hammarkullens väg

allotmentsglade

user-definedpark

uncovered creek

Grå

bovä

gen

Housing and a user defined park inhabiting a former industrial site close to Eriksbo

OM FOLKRÖRELSER

122

Incremental Connectivity as a Spatial Investigation

Mapping of qualities and a possible division of lease-hold sites

pond

glade

meadowschool yard

hill

Hammarkroken

kindergarten

Emmaskolan

Eriksbo

Hammarkulletorget

bunker

Hammarkullens väg

allotmentsglade

user-definedpark

uncovered creek

Grå

bovä

gen

Incremental buildings may attach to present structures such as the sports hall of Emmaskolan

pond

glade

meadowschool yard

hill

Hammarkroken

kindergarten

Emmaskolan

Eriksbo

Hammarkulletorget

bunker

Hammarkullens väg

allotmentsglade

user-definedpark

uncovered creek

Grå

bovä

gen

pond

glade

meadowschool yard

hill

Hammarkroken

kindergarten

Emmaskolan

Eriksbo

Hammarkulletorget

bunker

Hammarkullens väg

allotmentsglade

user-definedpark

uncovered creek

Grå

bovä

gen

ON SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

123

BUILDING PRACTICEdoers! co-operating with the public

PUBLICproviding structure & management, securing qualities/goals

PRIVATEComplementing service etc.

Start-up! After 2 years

Proactive Planning

Mapping needs Construction of infrastructure if necessary

Possible co-operations

Possible co-operations

Possible co-operations

Managing lease-hold sites

Providing models for funding

Constant re-evaluationsecuring qualities, services

Enabling future develop-ment

The first groups start building!

ConstructionIncremental development continues

Public-civil Planning

Development through farming

Public-civil partnerships developing land along urban connectors. Sites are 20-300m2

Lease-holdGeneral building regulations: max height 9m.Small-scale, incremental constructions.

After 10 years

OM FOLKRÖRELSER

124

Incremental connectivity as a process Investigation

Towards a Quiet Urbanism – 4