Towards The Best Management Towards The Best Management of Construction Waste,of Construction Waste,by Building the CWMSby Building the CWMS

(Construction Waste Management System)(Construction Waste Management System)

Dept. of Energy and Environment System Eng., Graduate School of Fukuoka Univ.

Shintaro MATSUDA

2SELF-INTRODUCTIONSELF-INTRODUCTION

Specialty ： Solid Waste Management

As the master thesis,in order to manifest the condition of a municipal solid wastes (MSW) landfill site, for reuse closed landfill sites,I investigated inside wastes at the actual MSW landfill, by boring tests.

After this study, my concern is moving to consider solid wastes management from a broad perspective.↓I got especially interested in the problem of “construction waste”.

3BACKGROUND ON BACKGROUND ON THE CONSTRUCTION WASTE THE CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

Illegal dumping and improper disposal of construction wastes are the keen issue in Japan.

◆ 　“ Construction wastes” is generated about 76 million tons per year.◆ More than 90% of the total quantity on illegal dumping is originated from “construction wastes”.

The illegal dumping would drop the confidence of construction industry. ↓Therefore, it is the prime task for the construction industry to ensure a confidence and a transparency on solid waste management.

Furthermore, in the near future, generation of construction wastes will increase by the demolition of buildings, built in the age of the rapid economic growth in Japan.

4MY RESEARCH WORKMY RESEARCH WORK

for “prevention of illegal dumping” and “promotion of proper construction waste disposal”

We build the practical systemWe build the practical system ：：““CWMS CWMS (Construction Waste Management System)(Construction Waste Management System)””

based on“characteristics of construction waste” and“present system of the waste management”

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The characteristicThe characteristicof construction wastesof construction wastes

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1. Characteristics of a generation site

・ the site moves for a short period・ an amount of generation wastes is large・ wastes of various kinds are generated

Figure: a generation site (demolition site)

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2. The waste without packing

Construction wastes, usually, loading directly on a vehicle without packing.Therefore, it is difficult for labeling and/or tracking of wastes.

Figure: the vehicle loaded wastes without packing

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3. Difficulty of weight control

Generator cannot measure the accurate weight at a generation site where truck scale (weigh bridge) is seldom installed.

Figure: The track scale at a disposal facility

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transporterD

disposal firmA

transporterB

transporterA

disposal firmB

transporterC

disposal firmC

disposal firmD

treatment firmA

transporterF

transporterE

treatment firmB

recycling

4. Complicated cooperation between the stakeholdersThere is a lot of pattern of

the disposal cooperation between the stakeholders.

constructor(generator)

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The present waste control The present waste control and its problemsand its problems

11PRESENT WASTE MANAGEMENTPRESENT WASTE MANAGEMENT

The construction waste is controlled by two types of manifest system.

◆ paper-based manifest (see figure) ◆ electronic manifest

Figure: paper-based manifest (multi-duplicated manifest slip)

12PRESENT WASTE MANAGEMENTPRESENT WASTE MANAGEMENT

According to the Waste Disposal Law,generators have to issue a manifest for every vehicle and/or every kind of waste since 1998.

This is a simple system, similarly to a “home-delivery service”.

TRANSPORTCOMPLETION REPORT REPORT

TREATMENTCOMPLETION

REPORT

REPORT

DISPOSALCOMPLETION REPORT

ISSUE manifest

Constructor(Generator)

Treatment /Disposal(T/D) firm

Transporter

construction site disposal facilitytreatment facility

waste

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A “paper-based manifest” is the mainstream now.

However there is a problem that unauthorized uses take place easily.↓It seems that it shifts to the “electronic manifest” in the near future.

PRESENT WASTE MANAGEMENTPRESENT WASTE MANAGEMENT

14““ELECTRONIC MANIFEST”ELECTRONIC MANIFEST”

【 GOOD POINT 】◆prevention of unauthorized uses◆input of an information is easy◆storage and collection of a manifest slip is unnecessary

【 WEAK POINT 】◆a computer network is necessary◆all the stakeholders must participate

For these weak points, a diffusion rate is only about 2% after 7 years operation.↓Since construction industry issues a lot of manifest slips, it was aimed to adopt the “electronic manifest” and trial has started.↓However, unsolved problems still remain in the manifest system.

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UNSOLVED PROBLEMS ①UNSOLVED PROBLEMS ①

Different from a “home-delivery service”,

【 Home-delivery service 】A final recipient check the contents of a package when it arrives.

【 Manifest System 】A T/D firm usually does not check the contents of wastes transported. It means that they would not compare the wastes and the manifest slip.

A T/D firm does not confirmwhether the waste properly arrives or not.

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UNSOLVED PROBLEMS ②UNSOLVED PROBLEMS ②

In the case of using an “electronic manifest system”,

◆ Vehicle drivers cannot participate in the system.

　 Usually, vehicle drivers are not equipped with any handheld terminal.

◆ Time and spatial lag occurs between the flow of wastes and the flow of a manifest

Information of a manifest cannot be communicated accurately at the points, such as a generator, a vehicle driver, a supervisor of T/D firms and so on.

ex) constructor to vehicle drivervehicle driver to supervisor of disposal firm

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““CWMS” solves these problemsCWMS” solves these problems

18THE “CWMS” SYSTEMTHE “CWMS” SYSTEM

Figure: Overview of the system

GENE

RATI

ONTR

EATM

ENT

DISP

OSAL

TRAN

SPORT

VEHICLE

VEHICLE

CWMSCONTROLCENTER

IN-VEHICLETERMINAL“Dump Catcher”

WASTETRACKING

WEIGHTCONTROL

TH

E IN

TE

RN

ET

WIR

ELE

SSC

OM

MU

NIC

ATI

ON

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THE BEST MANAGEMENT BY “CWMS”THE BEST MANAGEMENT BY “CWMS”

The “CWMS” integrated following elements strongly.

【 Control Center – Server Host 】① Full participation participation of all the stakeholders who concerning waste disposal

② Connection with the Internet sharing and integration of wastes information between stakeholders

【 In-vehicle Terminal 】③ Weight control control of the weight variation by using in-vehicle weight-meter

④ Waste tracking route management of transport by using GPS

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DEVELOPMENT OF IN-VEHICLE TERMINALDEVELOPMENT OF IN-VEHICLE TERMINAL

The authors develop “in-vehicle terminal: Dump Catcher” as an information hub on a transport vehicle.

GPS module

Wirelesscommunication module

(LAN & packet)

Memory unit GPS position data Waste information Weight data

etc.

Interfacefor vehicle condition

Display

information select button transport start / end button

dataprocessing

unit

Various information (manifest information etc.) is exchanged for

stakeholders.

Basically, driver’s operation is completed

only by two button pushing.

Figure: Composition of “Dump Catcher”Collected information is

displayed and communicated to drivers.

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OPERATION FLOWOPERATION FLOW

■ Constructor

■ Transporter(Driver)

■ Treatment /Disposal (T/D) firm

①REGISTRATION of MANIFEST

②confirmation ③START ④END

wasteloading

transport

⑤confirmation ⑥RECEIPT

push push

wasteunloading

measurement of waste weight (b)

measurement of waste weight (a)

Generation Site Disposal Facility

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wasteloading

push

■ Constructor

■ Transporter(Driver)

OPERATION FLOW OPERATION FLOW (at a generation site)(at a generation site)

① A manifest data is transmitted to a vehicle driver at the time of registration.

After waste loading, the weight of

load is measured when the truck

bed is inclined.

② The driver confirms the manifest displayed on “Dump Catcher”.

③ The driver pushes “the transport start button” at the time of transport start.

After completion of both ①registration and ③button

push, the manifest would be issued.

①REGISTRATION

②confirmation ③START

Issue a manifest

measurement of waste weight (a)

■ Treatment /Disposal (T/D) firm

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④END transport

⑤confirmation

push

Report of transport completion

wasteunloading

■ Constructor

■ Transporter(Driver)

■ T/D firm

OPERATION FLOW OPERATION FLOW (at a disposal facility)(at a disposal facility)

measurement of waste weight (b)

④ The manifest data is transmitted to a supervisor of disposal at the same time of pushing “the transport end button” by a vehicle driver.

A weight of wastes is measured during a waste unloading.

⑤ The supervisor confirms the manifest, and “a track” and “a weight variation” between the waste transport.

⑥ After confirmation, the supervisor carries out receipt procedure and reports completion of transport.

By these procedures, information

would be delivered correctlybetween the stakeholders,through the “CWMS control

center”.

⑥RECEIPT

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WASTE TRACKINGWASTE TRACKING

A waste tracking data save with manifest data.All the stakeholders can confirms the tracking data on a map by using GIS.

Figure: display example of a waste tracking

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

For the prevention of illegal dumping and the promotion of proper disposal, the authors built the new management system: CWMS, which strongly combined in-vehicle terminal: Dump Catcher.

The CWMS could achieve the strict control of construction wasteswithout time and spatial lag,with tight connection between all the stakeholders.

The concept of CWMS has a great advantage of scale.

The CWMS would make a great contribution for the proper waste management, if the government, a construction industry or other similar groups would adopt the CWMS as a standard management system.

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FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATIONFOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION

1. Introduction of a design concept of fail-safe on operation by using in-vehicle terminal

2. Expanding a target of management to all the construction by-product.

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Thank you!