towards the development of a smart photovoltaic...
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Towards the Development of a SMART Photovoltaic-Powered Temperature Controlled Poultry Egg Incubator
Ronaldo C. MaanoDoctor in Information Technology
Technological Institute of the Philippines (Manila)
Farming in the Philippines
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Source: Research and Development, and Extension Agenda and Programs 2016-2022
Challenges and Solution in Poultry Industry
One of the problems
mentioned in the Research
and Development and
Extension Agenda and
Programs for Poultry and
Livestock Industry 2016-2022
is the high cost of poultry
egg incubation.
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For sustainability in poultry
chick production, there is a
need for sustainable and
environmentally friendly energy
supply resource that should be
attractive and easy to come by
or renewed by nature for
example the use of solar
energy (Okwonko et al., 2012).
The Egg Incubation
Poultry egg incubation is
an activity that requires
sustainable energy supply
for efficient performance,
operation and profitability
(Okonkwo et al., 2012).
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Stages of Egg Incubation
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Days Development
1-3 blood circulation, head, brain and trunk of the embryo and heartbeat
4-5 Increased in size of “C”-shaped embryo and front “limbs” fingers
5-7 Brains in skull cavity, formation of beak and visible neck in embryo; front limbs have formation of fingers
8-9 Upper and lower beak; wings and legs
10-11 Chick; eyelids; feather follicles on back; egg tooth
12-13 Claws and leg scales; eyelid covers the cornea
14-16 Cover in entire body; head movies in pipping position under the right wing
17-18 Albumin; egg is removed from hatcher
19 Beak is against the inner shell membrane below the air cell
20 Yolk is absorbed; umbilicus closed; chick pierces the inner shell membrane
21 Uses wings as guide and legs
Source: The Science of Incubation, April/May 2015Source: (Lane & Gallardo, 2015)
Temperature as a Crucial Factor in Incubation
A crucial factor for incubation is the
maintenance of a constant
environmental temperature of
37.5 or 38 degrees Celsius directly
associated with the egg
hatchability (Noiva, Menezes &
Peleteiro, 2014)
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Types of Poultry Egg Incubator
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STILL AIR INCUBATOR
• No Fan• With heating element• Uses a thermostat• With humidity or water pans at the bottom• The relative humidity is between 50% to 60%• Temperature ranges from 38.33 degree
Celsius to 38.89 degree Celsius
FORCED AIR INCUBATOR
• With Fan• Uses coil heating mechanism• With humidity pan• Relative Humidity is 50% - 60%• Draft free room with fresh air• Temperature ranges from 37.22 degree
Celsius to 37.78 degree Celsius
Objectives of the Study
The main focus of the research is on the development of a solar-powered temperature controlled poultry egg incubator.
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Methodology
The incremental development approach allows constructing working parts of the hardware and software in incremental stages where each step through the cycle incorporates a little more of the intended functionality.
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Embedded System
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The development of the prototype is an embedded system in nature that involves the process of transforming the requirements into a working system taking into consideration hardware and software components in a unified way.
(Source: https://embedded.technology/hardware-design/hardware-product-development-process/)
Hardware Product Development Process
Design of the System
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The solar-based poultry incubator is composed of the egg incubation chamber equipped with temperature control system and a power supply.
Egg Incubation Chamber
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The egg incubation chamber of the study consists of trays, capable of handling 50 to 100 chicken eggs with each tray housing 25 to 50 eggs.
Egg trays with tilting mechanism will be placed on the first two-layer while the temperature control unit is on the top layer of the incubator.
Power Supply Unit
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Solar photovoltaic system technology will be utilized to convert the sunlight into an electric charge.
The collected charge from the solar panel is then transferred to an output terminal through wiring to produce between 6 to 24 DC voltage (Kisaalita et al., 2010)
Components in the temperature control system will be powered by the PV system and they are the heater, fan, and an electric motor and all are electrical components.
TotalPower=PHTH+PFTF+PMTM
Temperature and
Humidity Sensor
Temperature Control System
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Microcontroller
Relay
Heater
DC
Motor
Fan
Conclusion and Future Work
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The study is developed to assist the poultry farmers in technological perspective, to significantly increased their productivity.
A small scale embedded systems designed with a single microcontroller have simplified the construction of the temperature control circuit.
The prototype is realized in simulation using Proteus software.
The optimum incubation temperature is defined and identified between 370C and 380C respectively.
Sensors and actuators as part of the model made up the Sensing Actuation-Power Management Tier, all connected to the microcontroller unit.
A follow-up study is ongoing to incorporate an automatic egg detection unit using spectral analysis methodology.