TOY SHIP ASSEMBLYBy group 5

Angelica AgacitaFruilene Isabel PanesLanmark MabasaIan Nilo Andales

OBJECTIVES :At the end of the activity the students are

expected to: Apply the concept of hand and motion

economy as well as the use of therbligs in the study

Analyze every step in the ship assembly process

Make an effective data sheet Make use of stopwatch time study

APPARATUS :

Toy ships

stopwatch

PROCEDURE:

Make a data sheet containing left and right hand chart, therbligs, and time of assembly including the descriptions of every motion of the worker.

Prepare the parts of toy ship to be

assembled. Assign a worker to perform the

experiment (the toy assembly).

While the worker performs, do the time

study and record the motions of the

worker.

Fill the data sheet with the information

gathered.

Compute the units that a worker can

finish on a day(8hrs).

Publish the results.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

In using the left-right hand chart, it is very

important to take note every motion involve

and take considerations that these are

operations. But there are some activities that

are not taken to account into the chart

because these types of operations might not

be done by the same operator(Aft, 2000).

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND There are different definitions of left-hand/right hand chart

given by varieties of authors in Methods Engineering. This

chart is one on which the motions made by one hand in

relation to those made by the other hand are recorded

using standard process chart symbols (Aft, 2000).

Left-hand/right-hand chart is for one operator only, treating

each hand as an activity; each hand’s activity is broken

into elements and is plotted to the column adjacent to the

other hand (Meyers, 2002). The principal purpose of the

chart is to assist in finding a better way of performing the

task (Barnes).

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Throughout the operations taken, the charts or set of data

taken can be used to improve productivity. There are

factors or classification as well, to be considered in the

process of improving the productivity of the worker. These

are the use of the human body, workplace

arrangement and the design of tools and

equipment. The human body deals with the effectively

use of the physical attributes when it is required in a

production situation. The second factor deals with the

most effective layout of the working area. Lastly, the third

classification deals with the appropriate design of

equipment for the ease of operation by the operator.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

An ideal worker in the workstation must be

productive as to keeping a sufficient amount of

work. There must not be an idle time at all and

everything has to be balance, the starting and

stopping times of the hands (based from Principle 2

of motion economy principles). The motion of the

hands has to be fast and follows smoothly to the

rhythm of the prescribed method. The more

identifiable the rhythm is, the easier the job would

be in harnessing the feeling and make the job more

productive.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Stopwatch time study was the first technique

used to set engineering time standards.

However, Meyers (2002) stressed that

stopwatch time study may not be the best

technique for setting a particular time

standards, but it may be the “agreed-on

method” to be used.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND In measuring the time standard, you must

take the step-by-step procedure.1. select the job to study2. Collect information about the job 3. Divide the job into elements4. Do the actual time study5. Extend the time study6. Determine the number of cycles to be timed7. Rate, level and normalize the operator’s

performance8. Apply allowances9. Check for logic10. Publish the time standard

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND One important attributes that a time

study technician must have is the

positive attitude towards using

stopwatch, making allowances, rating

the performance, communicating to the

operator and setting the time standards.

DATA

element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Insert top base to 2nd base

2.00

2.05

1.72

1.66

1.72

1.86

1.61

1.67

1.60

1.64

Insert top-2nd

base to the

1st base

2.10

2.59

1.92

1.99

1.90

2.02

2.04

1.83

2.58

1.33

*the time is in sec

RATING PERFORMANCE IN %

SKILL (B1) 0.11

EFFORT (C1) 0.05

CONDITION (C) 0.02

CONSISTENCY (C) 0.01

TOTAL 0.19 or 19 %

100 % + 19 % = 119 %

ALLOWANCES

FATIGUE 480 seconds or 8 mins

PERSONAL 480 seconds or 8 mins

DELAY 480 seconds or 8 mins

ALLOWANCES IN % = (24 min / 480) x 100 % = 5 %

COMPUTATIONS

TOTAL NORMAL TIME = 2.09 + 2. 42 = 4.5 seconds

COMPUTATIONS

Total Mean (X)

Range (R) R/X Normal

Time

Total Normal Time

Standard Time

Output Per Day

17.53 1.753 .45 .28 2.09

4.5 4.74 6076 Units

20.30 2.03 .76 .37 2.42

Simo chart

LEFT THERBLIGS THERBLIGS RIGHT

DESCRIPTION     DESCRIPTION

reach for the second base TE TE reach for the top base

grasp the second base G G grasp the top base

carry the second base TL TL carry the top base

assemble the 2nd base to the top base A A

assemble the top base second base

reach for the first base TE

H  

hold the assembled parts  

grasp the first base G

carry the first base TL

assemble the first base to the assembled parts A A assemble the parts

reach for the second base TE TL Carry the toy to the bin

grasp the second base G RL Drop the toy ship

carry the second base TL TE Reach for the base

hold the 2nd base H

G Grasp the top base

TL Carry the top base

Assemble the second base to the top base A  A

 assemble the top base to the second base

Reach for the first base TE

 H Hold the assembled parts Grasp the first base G

Carry the first base TL

Assemble the first base to the assembled parts A A Assemble the parts

reach for the second base TE TL Carry the toy to the bin

grasp the second base G RL Drop the toy ship

carry the second base TL TE Reach for the base

hold the second base H

G Grasp the top base

TL Carry the top base

Assemble the second base to the top base A  A

 assemble the top base to the second base

Reach for the first base TE

 H Hold the assembled parts Grasp the first base G

Carry the first base TL

Assemble the first base to the assembled parts A A Assemble the parts

Therbligs Left Hand Right Hand

TE 6 3

G 6 3

TL 6 5

A 6 6

H 2 3

ANALYSIS: STRENGHTSPRINCIPLE 3: motion of the arms should be

made in opposite and symmetrical

directions and should be made

simultaneously.,

The two hands were able to complete

the task and its use were made

effectively. It can be seen from the

simo chart that the hands were

functioning and the task were

divided.

PRINCIPLE 8: work should be arranged to permit easy

and natural rhythm wherever possible.

PRINCIPLE 9: eye fixations should be as few and as

close together as possible.

The arrangement of the parts were made

according to the distribution of the task for the

hands. The parts were located in away that the

operator can reach without stretching or

causing so much effort. With these the eye

fixations are few. Considering that there are

only three parts to be assembled and is easy

to manage.

Principle 13:Drop deliveries should be

used whenever possible.

The bin was provided for the

finished products in order to

separate it from the other parts.

One advantage of the drop

delivery is to protect the finished

product from damage.

Principle 16: The height of the workplace

and the chair should preferably be

arranged so that the alternate sitting and

standing are easily possible.

The chair and the working table were

provided in a way that the worker is

comfortable to use it. The height does

not permit the operator to work in a

restricted motions.

WEAKNESSES:Principle 18: the hands should not be relieved

of all works that can be done advantageously

by a jig, a fixture or a foot-operated device.

The hand did most of the tasks and

there were no available machineries or

fixtures or even a jig that could help the

operator. In a demanding point of work,

the worker will accumulate psychological

and physical stress

Principle 1: Two hands should begin as well as complete

their motions at the same time.

The two hand were able to begin at the same time

but were not able to complete the motions

significantly.

Principle 2: two hands should not be idle at the same time

except during rest periods.

It can be seen from the simo chart that there was

long holding of the parts. Although, the hands were

not idle but hold is an ineffective therblig that

needs to be eliminated.

CONCLUSION Time study is now being used by the companies

to establish a time standard. By this, the

company will know the number of units that can

be produced by a worker in a certain period of

time. Also, it is used to identify the ineffective

time that must be eliminated during production.

The time study is used to improve the methods

or procedures adopted in performance of various

jobs. This is very important for the company to

improve their production and increase their

profit.

It is also an important reminder that

spending significant amounts of physical

energy unnecessarily is not a productive

way of working. Rhythm must be followed

where there is a moderate flow of the

worker’s performance because a slowing

pace and speeding up makes the operator

less productive. It is believed that the

simpler motions are, the simpler the job

will be performed and it will follow that the

jobs will be more productive.