Total Physical Response

TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE(TPR)

Total Physical Response

Presented By :

• Doni Wahyu WIjayanto (11620081)• Restu Ridofi (11620048)• Wahyu Fitroni Ardiyansyah (12620174)• Edi Subekti(11620005)

Total Physical Response

INTRODUCTION

Total Physical Response is a language learning method

based on the coordination of speech and action.

It was developed by James Asher, a professor of

psychology at San Jose State University, California.

In TPR, instructors give commands to students in the

target language, and students respond with whole-

body actions.

TPR is often criticized as being only suitable for

beginning students or young learner

Total Physical Response

BACKGROUND

James Asher developed the total physical response method as a result of his observation of the language development of young children. Asher saw that most of the interactions that young children experience with parents or other adults combine both verbal and physical aspects. The child responds physically to the speech of the parent, and the parent reinforces the child’s responses through further speech.

Total Physical Response

THEORY OF LANGUAGE

Asher does not directly adress his view of language, but Richards and Rodgers state that the labeling and ordering of classroom activities seem to be build on The structural view of language.

Total Physical Response

THEORY OF LEARNING Second language learning is parallel to first

language learning and should reflect the same

naturalistic processes

Listening should develop before speaking

Children respond physically to spoken language, and

adult learners learn better if they do that too

Once listening comprehension has been developed,

speech devlops naturally and effortlessly out of it.

Adults should use right-brain motor activities, while

the left hemisphere watches and learns

Delaying speech reduces stress

Total Physical Response

OBJECTIVESHere are some of the objectives of TPR :

Teaching oral proficiency at a beginning level

Using comprehension as a means to speaking

Using action-based drills in the imperative

form

SYLLABUS :TPR uses a sentence-based grammatical

syllabus.

Total Physical Response

LEARNER ROLELearners in Total Physical Response have

the primary roles of listener and performer. They listen attentively and respond physically to commands given by the teacher.

Learners are required to respond both individually and collectively. Learners have little influence over the content of learning, since content is determined by the teacher, who must follow the imperative-based format for lessons.

Total Physical Response

TEACHER ROLE

The teacher plays an active and direct role in TPR. It is the teacher who decides what to teach, who models and presents the new materials and who selects supporting materials for classroom use. The teacher is encouraged to be well prepared and well organized so that the lesson flows smoothly and predictably.

Total Physical Response

THE ROLE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

• There is generally no basic text in a Total Physical Response course

• For absolute beginners, lessons may not require the use of materials, since the teacher's voice, actions, and gestures may be a sufficient basis for classroom activities

Total Physical Response

PROCEDURE The majority of class time in TPR lessons is spent doing drills in

which the instructor gives commands using the imperative tense.

Instructors limit the number of new vocabulary items given to students at any one time.

While drills using the imperative are the mainstay of total physical response classes, teachers can use other activities as well.

There is little error correction in TPR. Asher advises teachers to treat learners’ mistakes the same way a parent would treat their children’s.

According to Asher, “It is wise to write out the exact utterances you will be using because the action is so fast-moving there is usually not time for you to create spontaneously.”

Total Physical Response

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

• ESL activities with TPR are tremendous fun for students, even for grown ups once they become less self-conscious.

• Students who are not used to such things might find it embarrassing. This can be the case initially but I have found that if the teacher is prepared to perform the actions.

• Simple TPR activities do not require a great deal of preparation on the part of the teacher. TPR is aptitude-free, working well with a mixed ability class, and with students having various disabilities.

• It is only really suitable for beginner levels. It is clear that it is far more useful at lower levels because the target language lends it self to such activities.

Total Physical Response

Thanks for your Attention !!