trabajo analisis quimico

8/18/2019 Trabajo Analisis Quimico

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UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DELECUADOR

INGENIERIA QUIMICA

ANALISIS QUIMICO

FRACCIONES DE ESPECIESDISOCIANTES A UN pH DADO

VALORES Y Diagramas logarími!os"# !o$!#$ra!i%$

INTEGRANTE& VINICIO 'ENALCA(AR

AAYUDANTE DE CATEDRA& ANDREAARAU)O

*+,-


2/26

TRA'A)O AUTONOMO

O')ETIVO

Conocer y elaborar un diagrama alfa (fracción de las especies disociantes)en función de un PH dado

Conocer y elaborar un diagrama de Log de las especies disociantes enfunción de un PH dado.

,. ESPECIE /H0PO-1

,.,. DIAGRAMA DE ALFA 2 PH

El ácido fosfórico acuoso se disocia formando Iones y cada uno de los cualestiene una concentración a analizar.Por lo tanto la concentración inicial de cido fosfórico incluido al !gua seria"

Ec #$#La

fracción de cada uno de las especies presentes se denota como"

Ec #$%

&a 'ue eisten las reacciones de isociación

+¿+ H 2 PO4−1

H 3 PO4+ H 2O⇆ H ¿ Ec #$*

+¿+ HPO 4−2

H 2 PO 4−1+ H 2O⇆ H ¿ Ec #$+

+¿+ PO 4−2

HPO4−2+ H 2O⇆ H

¿ Ec #$,

-egn la de/nición de Coe/ciente de isociación se tiene las siguientesecuaciones


3/26

Ec s #$01213

4eemplazando dic5as fórmulas para de6ar a cada especie en función de(H*P7+) tenemos"

Ec. #$8

Ec. #$#9

Ec. #$##

Entonces sustituyendo de la ecuación #$#

Ec #$#%

:inalmente 5allamos alfa i;idiendo para (H*P7+) y sacando la In;ersa

Ec #$

#*

Ec #$#+

Ec #$#,

Ec #$#0


4/26

-e 5alla la :unción !lfa


5/26

GRAFICA ,2,

Al3a 4F /PH1

Valor#s Al3a H0PO-

A9 A# A% A*

,.* DIAGRAMA LOGARITMICO DE CONCENTRACION

Este diagrama se elabora 5allando los ;alores de"

Log (H)< $PHLog (7H)< PH$PD

Los logaritmos de cada especie isociarte se 5alla 5aciendo unanálisis segn las condiciones acidas o alcalinas 'ue presente elmedio.

Los datos obtenidos son"


6/26


7/26

=abla #$%atos Logaritmo C H?@ > 7H$@PoH

log>H@

log>7H@

>H*P7+@

>H%P7+$@

>HP7+$%@

>P7+$*@

log>H*P7+@

log>H%P7+$ @

log>HP7+$%@

log>P7+$*@

919 #199 #EB#+ $#+ 919 $#+19

8138E$

9+

#198E$

9,

31#0E$

#*

*18%E

$%, $*19

$+180**,3+

2#

$#%1933%8

2%#

$%+1+929,

0

91,*1#0E$9#

*1#0EB#*

$#*1, $91, $#*1,

8100E$9+

*1*0E$9,

2182E$#%

#1%#E$%* $*19

$+1+2*+,2+

00

$##1983*8

0%

$%%18#2#,

,

#19#199E$9# #EB#* $#* $#19 $#*19

819#E$9+

818#E$9,

21+*E$##

*1,2E$%% $*19

$+199*8*9*

%0

$#91#%330

890

$%#1++20%

23

#1,*1#0E$9%

*1#0EB#%

$#%1, $#1, $#%1,

21+%E$9+

%1,3E$9+

01#%E$#9

81%8E$%# $*1#

$*1,33%+8*

#3

$81%#*#33

9,,

$%919*#8+

03

%19#199E$9% #EB#% $#% $%19 $#%19

+120E$9+

,1%+E$9+

*18*E$98

#138E$#8 $*1*

$*1%393%3*

#0

$31+9,202

9,%

$#312%+,%

,3

%1,*1#0E$9*

*1#0EB##

$##1, $%1, $##1,

%1%*E$9+

2122E$9+

#13+E$93

%139E$#3 $*12

$*1#982+3+

%

$212*+032

#,0

$#21,,*++

,8

*19#199E$9* #EB## $## $*19 $##19

31**E$9,

81#2E$9+

0132E$93

*1*9E$#2 $+1#

$*19*23#3+#3

$21#0%2,2#,+

$#01+3#,#,8

*1,*1#0E$9+

*1#0EB#9

$#91, $*1, $#91,

%128E$9,

812%E$9+

%1*9E$92

*1,9E$#0 $+10

$*19#%+98#

92

$010*2*+2

3++

$#,1+,0#9

00+19 #199 #EB#9 $#9 $+19 $#919 8199E$ 8189E$ 21+*E$ *1,0E $,19 $ $ $


8/26

E$9+ 90 9+ 92 $#,*199+%,%8

001#%8#8#

082#+1++28,

9,

+1,*1#0E$9,

*1#0EB98 $81, $+1, $81,

%130E$90

818,E$9+

%1*0E$90

*1,3E$#+ $,1,

$*199%%2%,

2%

$,10%2%##

*98

$#*1++,82

9#

,19#199E$9, #EB98 $8 $,19 $819

819%E$92

818%E$9+

21++E$90

*1,2E$#* $019

$*199*0*02

,%

$,1#%3,2,

+38

$#%1++2**

+*

pH > H?@ > 7H$@PoH

log>H@

log>7H@

>H*P7+@

>H%P7+$@

>HP7+$%@

>P7+$*@

log>H*P7+@

log>H%P7+$ @

log>HP7+$%@

log>P7+$*@

,1,*1#0E$90

*1#0EB93 $31, $,1, $31,

%13#E$92

8122E$9+

%1*%E$9,

*1,%E$#% $010

$*19#9*9#3

8*

$+10*,%+9

0*

$##1+,*88

8+

019#199E$90 #EB93 $3 $019 $319

31+0E$93

81*9E$9+

0183E$9,

*1*,E$## $21#

$*19*#++,%

9+

$+1#,0*3*

8+#

$#91+2,#+

%2

01,*1#0E$92

*#0%%222 $21, $01, $21,

%1*%E$93

3193E$9+

#18%E$9+

%18#E$#9 $210

$*198%+*83

33

$*12#2*23

0%+

$81,*0#*2

*8

219 #199E$92 #9999999 $2 $219 $219 ,1#8E$98 ,12#E$9+ +1%8E$9+ %190E$98 $31*

$

*1%+*9+##83

$

*1*028288*,

$

310302*32

21,*1#0E$93

*#0%%23 $01, $21, $01,

31,*E$#9

%182E$9+

219*E$9+

#192E$93 $81#

$*1,%23,+8

8,

$*1#,%28*

2*%

$2182#,,%

+8319 #199

E$93#99999

9$0 $319 $019 #192E$

#9#1#3E$

9+313%E$

9++1%+E

$93$#919 $

*18%8+*2*$

*19,+*20$

21*2*#*+


9/26

0, #9% 30

31,*1#0E$98

*#0%%213 $,1, $31, $,1,

#1#0E$##

+19,E$9,

81,8E$9+

#1+0E$92 $#918

$+1*8*909+

0#

$*19#2888

#83

$013*02,2

80

819#199E$98 #99999 $, $819 $,19

#1%9E$#%

#1*%E$9,

8130E$9+

+12*E$92 $##18

$+133#9#8%

0*

$*199,8,2

888

$01*%+2#0

20

81,

*1#0

E$#9

*#0%%1

23 $+1, $81, $+1,

#1%#E$

#*

+1#8E$

90

818+E$

9+

#1,#E

$90 $#%18

$,1*22,++,

98

$*199%+3*

%+0

$,13%#%+%

9#

#919#199E$#9 #9999 $+ $#919 $+19

#1%9E$#+

#1**E$90

818+E$9+

+122E$90 $#*18

$,13222#03

9#

$*199%0,,

,*2

$,1*%#+#+

*

#91,*1#0E$##

*#0%1%23 $*1, $#91, $*1,

#1#8E$#,

+1#,E$92

813,E$9+

#1+8E$9, $#+18

$01*3#23+#

88

$*19902%%

8*0

$+13%,+3#

2

##19#199E$## #999 $* $##19 $*19

#1#0E$#0

#1%2E$92

81,+E$9+

+1,3E$9, $#,18

$0138,+222

80

$*19%9+#0

,**

$+1**8#2,

*

pH > H?@ > 7H$@

P

oH

log

>H@

log

>7H@

>H*P7+

@

>H%P7+$

@

>HP7+$

%@

>P7+$

*@

log

>H*P7+@

log

>H%P7+$ @

log>HP7+$

%@

log>P7+$

*@

##1,*1#0E$#%

*#01%%23 $%1, $##1, $%1,

#19,E$#2

*100E$93

3103E$9+

#1*%E$9+ $#219

$21+*0+,9%

##

$*190#*33

8+3

$*1339#+2

2#

#%19#199E$#% #99 $% $#%19 $%19

31#8E$#8

819#E$98

0120E$9+

*1%+E$9+ $#31#

$319+,*%03

8#

$*1#29%0,

0%3

$*1+389%+

*8


10/26

#%1,*1#0E$#*

*#10%%23 $#1, $#%1, $#1,

+13#E$%9

#102E$98

*182E$9+

019*E$9+ $#81*

$31220988*

98

$*1+9#9*3

9+,

$*1%#8280

3#

#*19#199E$#* #9 $# $#*19 $#19

%198E$%#

%1*9E$#9

#12%E$9+

31%3E$9+ $%912

$810*3+38*

,2

$*120*+%3

98*

$*193%#30

30

#*1,*1#0E$#+

*1#0%%23 $91, $#*1, $91,

21+8E$%*

%10#E$##

01#3E$9,

81*3E$9+ $%%1#

$#91,3+9##

#,

$+1%938+8

33%

$*19%2293

0+

#+19#199E$#+ # 9 $#+19 919

%1+2E$%+

%12%E$#%

%19+E$9,

8139E$9+ $%*10

$##1,0,%,2*+

$+1089#8093#

$*19938,+3+


11/26

GRAFICA ,.*2, Logarimo C 43 /PH1

DIagrama Logarimo "# Co$!#$ra!io$

Log (H)


12/26

*.,. DIAGRAMA DE ALFA 2 PH

!nálogamente al e6ercicio anterior se obtienen las siguientesecuaciones"

Ec %.#$#

Ec %.#$#

Ec %.#$#

Ec %.#$#

Ec %.#$#

Ec %.#$#

Ec %.#$#

-e obtienen los siguientes datos"

=abla %.#$#

!L:!


13/26

pH > H?@ A9 A#

919 #199#199EB9

9 #12,E$9,

91, *1#0E$9##199EB9

9 ,1,*E$9,

#19 #199E$9##199EB9

9 #12,E$9+#1, *1#0E$9% 8188E$9# ,1,*E$9+%19 #199E$9% 8183E$9# #12,E$9*%1, *1#0E$9* 818+E$9# ,1,9E$9**19 #199E$9* 813*E$9# #12%E$9%*1, *1#0E$9+ 81+3E$9# ,1%+E$9%+19 #199E$9+ 31,#E$9# #1+8E$9#+1, *1#0E$9, 01++E$9# *1,0E$9#

,19 #199E$9, *10+E$9# 01*0E$9#,1, *1#0E$90 #1,*E$9# 31+2E$9#019 #199E$90 ,1+#E$9% 81+0E$9#01, *1#0E$92 #122E$9% 813%E$9#219 #199E$92 ,103E$9* 818+E$9#21, *1#0E$93 #139E$9* 8183E$9#319 #199E$93 ,12#E$9+ 8188E$9#

31, *1#0E$98 #13#E$9+#199EB9

9

819 #199E$98 ,12#E$9,

#199EB9

9

81, *1#0E$#9 #13#E$9,#199EB9

9

#919 #199E$#9 ,12#E$90#199EB9

9

#91, *1#0E$## #13#E$90#199EB9

9

##19 #199E$## ,12#E$92#199EB9

9

##1, *1#0E$#% #13#E$92#199EB9

9

#%19 #199E$#% ,12#E$93#199EB9

9

#%1, *1#0E$#* #13#E$93#199EB9

9

#*19 #199E$#* ,12#E$98#199EB9

9

#*1, *1#0E$#+ #13#E$98#199EB9

9

#+19 #199E$#+ ,12#E$#9#199EB9

9


14/26

4!:IC7 %.#$#

I!4!F! !L:!


15/26

*.*. DIAGRAMA LOGARITMICO DE CONCENTRACION

Este diagrama se elabora 5allando los ;alores de" Log (H)< $PHLog (7H)< PH$PDLos logaritmos de cada especie isociante se 5alla 5aciendo unanálisis segn las condiciones acidas o alcalinas 'ue presente elmedio.Los datos obtenidos son"

4!:IC! %.%$#

Log C H?@ > 7H$@PoH

log>H@

log>7H@ >H7Cl@ >7cl$ @

log>H7Cl@

log>7cl$ @

919 #199 #EB#+ $#+ 919 $#+19 #199E$9% #12,E$92$

%199EB99

$0120EB9

9

91,*1#0E$

9#*1#0%*EB

#* $#*1, $91, $#*1, #199E$9% ,1,*E$92$

%199EB99

$01%0EB9

9

#19#199E$

9# #EB#* $#* $#19 $#*19 #199E$9% #12,E$90$

%199EB99

$,120EB9

9

#1,*1#0E$

9%*1#0%*EB

#% $#%1, $#1, $#%1, 8188E$9* ,1,*E$90$

%199EB99

$,1%0EB9

9

%19#199E$

9% #EB#% $#% $%19 $#%19 8183E$9* #12,E$9,$

%199EB99

$+120EB9

9

%1,*1#0E$

9**1#0%*EB

## $##1, $%1, $##1, 818+E$9* ,1,9E$9,$

%199EB99

$+1%0EB9

9

*19

#199E$

9* #EB## $## $*19 $##19 813*E$9* #12%E$9+

$

%19#EB99

$*120EB9

9

*1,*1#0E$

9+*1#0%*EB

#9 $#91, $*1, $#91, 81+3E$9* ,1%+E$9+$

%19%EB99

$*1%3EB9

9

+19#199E$

9+ #EB#9 $#9 $+19 $#919 31,#E$9* #1+8E$9*$

%192EB99

$%13*EB9

9

+1,*1#0E$

9,*#0%%22

009 $81, $+1, $81, 01++E$9* *1,0E$9*$

%1#8EB99

$%1+,EB9

9

,19#199E$

9,#999999

999 $8 $,19 $819 *10+E$9* 01*0E$9*$

%1++EB99

$%1%9EB9

9,1, *1#0E$ *#0%%22 $31, $,1, $31, #1,*E$9* 31+2E$9* $ $


16/26

90 00 %13%EB99%192EB9

9

019#199E$

90#999999

99 $3 $019 $319 ,1+#E$9+ 81+0E$9*$

*1%2EB99

$%19%EB9

9

01,*1#0E$

92*#0%%22

010 $21, $01, $21, #122E$9+ 813%E$9*$

*12,EB99$%19#EB99

219#199E$

92#999999

9 $2 $219 $219 ,103E$9, 818+E$9*$

+1%,EB99

$%199EB9

9

21,*1#0E$

93*#0%%221

00 $01, $21, $01, #139E$9, 8183E$9*$

+12+EB99

$%199EB9

9

319#199E$

93 #999999 $0 $319 $019 ,12#E$90 8188E$9*$

,1%+EB99

$%199EB9

9

31,*1#0E$

98*#0%%212

00 $,1, $31, $,1, #13#E$90 #199E$9%$

,12+EB99

$%199EB9

9

819#199E$

98 #99999 $, $819 $,19 ,12#E$92 #199E$9%$

01%+EB99

$%199EB9

9

81,*1#0E$

#9*#0%%122

00 $+1, $81, $+1, #13#E$92 #199E$9%$

012+EB99

$%199EB9

9

#919

#199E$

#9 #9999 $+ $#919 $+19 ,12#E$93 #199E$9%

$

21%+EB99

$%199EB9

9

#91,*1#0E$

##*#0%1%22

00 $*1, $#91, $*1, #13#E$93 #199E$9%$

212+EB99

$%199EB9

9

##19#199E$

## #999 $* $##19 $*19 ,12#E$98 #199E$9%$

31%+EB99

$%199EB9

9

##1,*1#0E$

#%*#01%%22

00 $%1, $##1, $%1, #13#E$98 #199E$9%$

312+EB99

$%199EB9

9

#%19

#199E$

#% #99 $% $#%19 $%19 ,12#E$#9 #199E$9%

$

81%+EB99

$%199EB9

9

#%1,*1#0E$

#**#10%%22

00 $#1, $#%1, $#1, #13#E$#9 #199E$9%$

812+EB99

$%199EB9

9

#*19#199E$

#* #9 $# $#*19 $#19 ,12#E$## #199E$9%$

#19%EB9#

$%199EB9

9

#*1,*1#0E$

#+*1#0%%22

00 $91, $#*1, $91, #13#E$## #199E$9%$

#192EB9#

$%199EB9

9

#+19 #199E$#+ # 9 $#+19 919 ,12#E$#% #199E$9% $#1#%EB9#

$

%199EB99


17/26

GRAFICA *.*2, Logarimo C 43 /PH1

DIAGRAMA LOGARITMO DE CONCENTRACION HOCl

log H


18/26

0. ESPECIE /H*S1

0.,. DIAGRAMA DE ALFA 2 PH

!nálogamente al e6ercicio anterior se obtienen los siguientes datos"

=abla *.#$#

!L:! H?@enomina

dor A9 A# A%

919 #199 #199EB99#199EB9

9 81,9E$93 #1%*E$%#

91, *1#0E$9# #199E$9##199EB9

9 *199E$92 #1%*E$%9

#19 #199E$9# #199E$9%#199EB9

9 81,9E$92 #1%*E$#8

#1, *1#0E$9% #199E$9*#199EB9

9 *199E$90 #1%*E$#3

%19 #199E$9% #199E$9+#199EB9

9 81,9E$90 #1%*E$#2

%1, *1#0E$9* #199E$9,

#199EB9

9 *199E$9, #1%*E$#0*19 #199E$9* #199E$90

#199EB99 81,9E$9, #1%*E$#,

*1, *1#0E$9+ #199E$92#199EB9

9 *199E$9+ #1%*E$#++19 #199E$9+ #199E$93 8188E$9# 81+8E$9+ #1%*E$#*+1, *1#0E$9, #199E$98 8182E$9# *199E$9* #1%*E$#%,19 #199E$9, #19#E$#9 818#E$9# 81+#E$9* #1%%E$##,1, *1#0E$90 #19*E$## 812#E$9# %18%E$9% #1%9E$#9019 #199E$90 #1#9E$#% 81#*E$9# 3103E$9% #1#*E$9801, *1#0E$92 #1*9E$#* 2108E$9# %1*#E$9# 81,9E$98

219 #199E$92 #18,E$#+ ,1#*E$9# +132E$9# 01**E$9321, *1#0E$93 +199E$#, %1,9E$9# 21,9E$9# *193E$92319 #199E$93 #19,E$#, 81,%E$9% 819,E$9# #1#3E$9031, *1#0E$98 *1#9E$#0 *1%%E$9% 8103E$9# *183E$90819 #199E$98 8109E$#2 #19+E$9% 8189E$9# #1%8E$9,81, *1#0E$#9 *19#E$#2 *1*%E$9* 8182E$9# +1#9E$9,#919 #199E$#9 81,#E$#3 #19,E$9* 8188E$9# #1*9E$9+#91, *1#0E$## *19#E$#3 *1**E$9+ 8188E$9# +1##E$9+##19 #199E$## 81,#E$#8 #19,E$9+ 8188E$9# #1*9E$9*##1, *1#0E$#% *19%E$#8 *1*#E$9, 8180E$9# +198E$9*

#%19 #199E$#% 810%E$%9 #19+E$9, 8132E$9# #1%3E$9%#%1, *1#0E$#* *1#*E$%9 *1%9E$90 810#E$9# *18,E$9%


19/26

#*19 #199E$#* #192E$%9 81*%E$92 313,E$9# #1#,E$9##*1, *1#0E$#+ +1%+E$%# %1*0E$92 2198E$9# %18#E$9##+19 #199E$#+ %1#8E$%# +1,3E$93 +1*,E$9# ,10,E$9#

4!:IC7 *.#$#

I!4!F! !L:!


20/26


21/26

4!:IC! *.%$# Logaritmo C H?@ > 7H$@ P oH log >H@ log >7H@ >H%-@ >H-$ @ >-$%@ log>H%-@ log >H-$@ log>-$%@

919 #199 #EB#+ $#+ 919 $#+19 #199E$9* 81,9E$## #1%*E$%+

$

*199EB9

9 $#919

$

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GRAFICA 0.*2, Logarimo C 43 /PH1

DIAGRAMA LOGARITMO DE CONCENTRACION H*S

log(H)

trabajo analisis quimico

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