trace gases and aerosol optical properties over the us mid-atlantic during summer 2001 bruce...
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![Page 1: Trace Gases and Aerosol Optical Properties Over the US Mid-Atlantic During Summer 2001 Bruce Doddridge 1,2 and Charles Piety 1 1 Department of Meteorology](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081418/56649ea95503460f94bacf77/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Trace Gases and Aerosol Optical Trace Gases and Aerosol Optical Properties Over the US Properties Over the US
Mid-Atlantic During Mid-Atlantic During Summer 2001Summer 2001
Bruce Doddridge1,2 and Charles Piety1
1 Department of Meteorology2 Chemical Physics Program
University of Maryland at College Park
AGU Fall Meeting 2001
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RAMMPP Operational ComponentsRAMMPP Operational Components((RRegional egional AAtmospheric tmospheric MMeasurement easurement MModeling and odeling and PPrediction rediction PProgram)rogram)
• Ozone Forecasting Piety/Ryanhttp://www.meto.umd.edu/~forecaster/ozone_fcst.html
• Measurements Doddridge/Marufuhttp://www.meto.umd.edu/~bruce/rammpp01.html
• Remote Sensing Dickerson/Hudson
• Modeling– Meteorological MM5 Zhang
http://www.meto.umd.edu/MM5/newrealtime.html
– Chemical transport Models-3/CMAQ Stehr
• Emissions Ehrman/Calabrese– SMOKE (with UMd/ENCH update)
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RAMMPP Aircraft Flights 1992-2001RAMMPP Aircraft Flights 1992-2001Year Project Region Days Hours
1992 MDE-ARMA Baltimore-Washington Area 4 15.2
1993 MDE-ARMA Baltimore-Washington Area 8 30.3
1994 NASA/STS-59, 68 Maryland Eastern Shore 4 13.0
1995 MDE-ARMANASA/CAMEX-II
Baltimore-Washington Area
Off Maryland Atlantic Coast
5
2
19.5
7.2
1996 NARSTO-Northeast Mid-Atlantic 13 95.0
1997 NARSTO-Northeast Mid-Atlantic 12 105.0
1998 MDE-ARMA
NARSTO/NE-OPS
Mid-Atlantic
Philadelphia, PA Area
6
6
27.3
26.0
1999 MDE-ARMA NARSTO/NE-OPS
EPRI/MARCH-Atlantic
Mid-Atlantic
Philadelphia, PA Area
Maryland
4
11
2
7.3
51.5
5.4
2000 MDE-ARMANCDAQ
EPRI/MARCH-Atlantic
Mid-AtlanticNorth Carolina-Virginia
Maryland
6
3
5
33.9
14.1
15.8
2001 MDE-ARMA
NARSTO/NE-OPS
NCDAQ
VADEQ
DOE-NETL/ESP01
Mid-Atlantic
Philadelphia, PA Area
Raleigh, NC & Charlotte, NC Areas
Richmond, VA Area
Pittsburgh, PA Area
11
9
4
9
4
34.8
37.6
23.5
34.6
23.8
TOTAL 128 620.8
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Aztec-F Research Aircraft N500ZAztec-F Research Aircraft N500Z
GPS Position (°Lat, °Long)
Meteorology (T, RH, Pr, Palt)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Ozone (O3)
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Aerosol Optical Properties:
Absorption, Bap (565 nm)
Scattering, Bscat (450,550,700 nm)
Aircraft operated by University Research Foundation
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RAMMPP 2001 Science CrewRAMMPP 2001 Science Crew
Emily Tenenbaum Bruce Doddridge
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Operations BasesOperations BasesDuring 2001During 2001
Philadelphia, PA
Pittsburgh, PA
College Park, MD
Richmond, VA
Raleigh, NC
Charlotte, NC
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RAMMPP 2001: Regional CoordinationRAMMPP 2001: Regional Coordination
• MDE-ARMA Balt.-Wash. corridor
• NE-OPS 2001 Philadelphia, PA
• VADEQ Richmond, VA
• NCDAQ Raleigh/Charlotte, NC
• ESP01 Pittsburgh, PA Baltimore, MD
Some Key Interests
• Importance of W transport
• Profiler evaluation
• Valley pollutant reservoir
• Increasing BG regional O3
• Model evaluation
• Trans-boundary plumes
• Cross-corridor effects
• Oxidant-PM relationship
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PBL Height: A Critical Factor PBL Height: A Critical Factor in Determining Air Qualityin Determining Air Quality
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 20 40 60 80 100
Relative Humidity (%)
Pre
ss
ure
Alt
itu
de
(m
MS
L)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Relative Humidity (%)
Pre
ss
ure
Alt
itu
de
(m
MS
L)
Easton, MD RH Profiles 6/27 and 6/28
6/27 6/28
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RF 20 North East, MD to Easton, MD Traverse 1919-1946 UT 6/27
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
19:18 19:21 19:24 19:27 19:30 19:32 19:35 19:38 19:41 19:44
Time (UT)
Ozo
ne
Mix
ing
Rat
io (
pp
bv)
flight level~330m
RF 22 North East, MD to Easton, MD Traverse 1930-2001 UT 6/28
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
19:30 19:32 19:35 19:38 19:41 19:44 19:47 19:50 19:53 19:55 19:58 20:01
Time (UT)
Ozo
ne
Mix
ing
Rat
io (
pp
bv)
flight level~330m
mean ~92 ppbv
mean ~97 ppbv
Similar amounts ofozone were producedon the 27th and 28th but a deeper mixing depth on the 28th diluted the plume
6/28
6/27 Plots of ozone during the 0W3 to ESN traverse A EDownwind of Baltimore
Aldino Easton
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Urban Input and Downwind Urban Input and Downwind Air Quality: Wind FieldsAir Quality: Wind Fields
15Z 06/27 NOAA/ARL 15Z 06/28
B
E
B
E
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Urban Corridor Input: Inventory Test?Urban Corridor Input: Inventory Test?University of Maryland C-172 Aircraft
Air Quality Across The Baltimore-Washington Urban Corridor: Summer 1993
Morales, 1998
Carbon Monoxide
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
250 300 350 400 450 500
CO Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
Ave
rag
e P
res
su
re A
ltit
ud
e (
m M
SL
)
Upwind Downwind
Ozone
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
Ave
rag
e P
res
su
re A
ltit
ud
e (
m M
SL
)
Upwind Downwind
• Compare Several Years With EPA Emissions Inventories
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NE-OPS: Lidar ComparisonNE-OPS: Lidar Comparison
• Conducted with Russell Philbrick (PSU)
Northeast Philadelphia, PA
Summer: 1998 1999 2001
• Intensive comparisons with aircraft
Water vapor
Ozone
Extinction
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Lidar/Aircraft Comparison: HLidar/Aircraft Comparison: H22OO
RAMMPP 2001: PNE1 Profile 2334-0002 UT 07/09
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (%)
Pres
sure
Altitu
de (m
MSL
)
Lidar coutesy: R. Philbrick, PSU
NE-OPS 2001: Phila, PA
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Lidar/Aircraft Comparison: bLidar/Aircraft Comparison: bscatscat
RAMMPP 2001: PNE1 Profile 2334-0002 UT 07/09
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0.0E+00 5.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.5E-05 2.0E-05 2.5E-05 3.0E-05 3.5E-05 4.0E-05 4.5E-05 5.0E-05
Total Aerosol Scattering (m - 1 )
Pres
sure
Alti
tude
(m M
SL)
450 nm 550 nm 700 nm
Lidar courtesy: R. Philbrick, PSU
NE-OPS 2001: Phila, PA
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Tropospheric Ozone From TOMS:Tropospheric Ozone From TOMS:TDOT (TOMS Direct Ozone in the Troposphere)TDOT (TOMS Direct Ozone in the Troposphere)
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TDOT Validation: Jul 17, 1999TDOT Validation: Jul 17, 1999• Qualitative consistency
between the TDOT product and in situ profile data (aircraft & sonde)
• TDOT offers potential as an important new tool in mapping synoptic-scale tropospheric ozone
• The TDOT Team:RD Hudson, Univ. Maryland
AD Frolov, Univ. Maryland
AM Thompson, NASA/GSFC
estimated sfc-15.6km TDOTPhila 72 75Balt 65 61
(units are DU)
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Aug 7 Plume Study: ChemistryAug 7 Plume Study: ChemistryRAMMPP 2001: Washington-Raleigh Traverse 1322-1500 UT 08/07
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
13:12:00 13:26:24 13:40:48 13:55:12 14:09:36 14:24:00 14:38:24 14:52:48 15:07:12
Time (UT)
Ru
nn
ing
1-m
in M
ean
Mix
ing
Rat
io (
pp
bv)
CO O3 * 2 SO2 * 10
1 2 3
x 10
x 2
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Aug 7 Plume Study: Aerosol OpticsAug 7 Plume Study: Aerosol OpticsRAMMPP 2001: Washington-Raleigh Traverse 1322-1500 UT 08/07
0.0E+00
5.0E-05
1.0E-04
1.5E-04
2.0E-04
2.5E-04
3.0E-04
3.5E-04
13:12:00 13:26:24 13:40:48 13:55:12 14:09:36 14:24:00 14:38:24 14:52:48 15:07:12
Time (UT)
Ae
ros
ol O
pti
cal P
rop
ert
ies
(m
-1)
Bscat 450 nm Bscat 550 nm Bscat 700 nm Bap 565 nm
1 2 3
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Aug 7 Plume Study: TrajectoriesAug 7 Plume Study: Trajectories
Plume 1 Plume 2 Plume 3
Fresh Moderately Aged Aged
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Aug 7 Plume Study: SummaryAug 7 Plume Study: Summary
• Stratified layers are routinely observed over the Mid-Atlantic under ridging conditions
• Observed plumes show different character depending on:
– source region
– air parcel age
• Correlation between SO2 and bscat
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Aug 8, 2001 Recirculation StudyAug 8, 2001 Recirculation Study
Surface O3
Key (ppbv):
> 124
111-124
100-110
80-99
Richmond, VA Locations:
Virginia Science Museum
Chesterfield Co.
Henrico Co.Map courtesy EPA/OAQPS Air Now
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Aug 8: Wind Profiles and OAug 8: Wind Profiles and O33
• SFC-2000 m winds from VADEQ Doppler wind profiler in Richmond, VA (VSM)
Near SFC Aloft
1200 EDT E—NE W
1600 EDT W NE• 102 ppbv at 500-1000 m over Chesterfield Co.
(FCI, SW of RIC) in the AM• 122 ppbv at 1300-1900 m over FCI in the PM
• SFC Monitor Peak 1-hr O3:
Henrico Co. 136 ppbv (E of RIC)
A double dose of Richmond emissions?
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Aug 8: VSM ProfilerAug 8: VSM ProfilerFCI Profiles: 1 2
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Aug 8: Aircraft ProfilesAug 8: Aircraft ProfilesFCI Profile 1153-1216 EDT
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 50 100 150 200
Value
Pres
sure
Altitu
de (m
MSL
)
FCI Profile 1621-1642 EDT
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 50 100 150 200
Value
Pres
sure
Altitu
de (m
MSL
)
1 2
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Aug 8 Profiler EvaluationAug 8 Profiler EvaluationRAMMPP 2001: FCI Profile 2021-2042 UT 08/08
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Relative Humidity (%); Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
Pre
ssur
e A
ltitu
de (m
MS
L)
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Importance of Low-Level JetsImportance of Low-Level Jets
• Routinely set up over the Mid-Atlantic plain during summer nighttime
• Chemistry poorly understood – transport mechanism for remnant O3 & O3/haze precursors?
• 2002 Study?– Networked profilers
– Aircraft flights
– With MANE-VU effort
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Radar/RASS Profiler Sites 2002Radar/RASS Profiler Sites 2002Vertical wind and temperature profiles up to 3,000 meters
For more info see http://www.profiler.noaa.gov/jsp/aboutBlp.jsp
Map courtesy MANE-VU
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RAMMPP Project SummaryRAMMPP Project Summary
• 10 years of aircraft data
• Developing a chemical climatology of
ozone haze
and selected precursors
over the mid-Atlantic region
• Data summaries for 1992-2001 on line:
http://www.meto.umd.edu/~bruce/rammpp01.html
• Collaborative opportunities welcomed
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Current UMd Flight Crew:Lackson Marufu Emily Tenenbaum (at Pomona Coll.) Jeff Stehr Tressa Pearson-Franks (at GWU)
UMd/PSU Meteorological Support:Bill Ryan (Penn. St. Univ.) Dalin Zhang
Recent Funding from:Maryland Department of Environment-ARMAUS-EPA through NARSTO/NE-OPSNC Division of Air QualityVA Department of Environmental Quality
US-DOE/National Energy Technology Laboratory