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TRACTION

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TRACTION

Traction is force applied in a specific

direction. To apply the force needed to

overcome the natural force or pull of the

muscle groups, a system of ropes,

pulleys and weights is used.

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Purposes ofTraction

To reduce and immobilize a fracture.

To restore the normal alignment of an

injured extremity. To lessen or eliminate the spasm.

To prevent deformity

To give the patient freedom for in bed

activities.

To reduce pain.

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Types ofTraction

Running traction A form of traction which the pull is exerted on one

plane.

May use either skin or skeletal traction

Bucks extension traction is an example of running

skin traction.

Balanced Skeletal Traction

Uses additional weights to counterbalance thetraction and float the extremity in the traction

apparatus. The line of pull on the extremity remains fairly

constant despite changes in the patients position.

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RUNNINGTRACTION

(Bucks extension traction)

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Balanced-skeletal Traction

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Application ofTraction

Traction may be applied to the skin orskeletal system.

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Skin Traction Accompanied by applying a light force that pull on tape,

sponge ru

bber, or special device (boot, cervical halter,pelvic belt) that is in contact with the skin.

The pulling force is transmitted to the musculoskeletalstructures.

Skin traction is used as a temporary measure in adults tocontrol muscle spasm and pain.

It is used before surgery in the treatment of hip fracture(Bucks extension) and femoral shaft fractures (Russselstraction).

Pelvic and cervical traction are used for the treatment ofback disorders or injuries. Skin traction may be useddefinitively to treat fractures in children.

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Skin Traction

applying a light force that pull on tape,sponge rubber, or special device (boot,

cervical halter, pelvic belt) that is in

contact with the skin.

Skin Traction Kit

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Skeletal Traction

This term refers to traction applied by

an orthopedic surgeon under aseptic

conditions using wires, pins, or tongs

placed through bones.

Skeletal traction is used most frequently

in treating fractu

res of the femu

r,humerus (supracondylar fractures),

tibia, and cervical spine.

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Types ofSkeletal Tractions

Balanced suspension

traction

- is used to stabilize

fractures of the femur.

- a pin or wire is

surgically placed

through the distal endof the femur

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Skull tongs

- are used to

immobilize the

cervical spine in the

treatment of

unstable fractures

or dislocation of thecervical spine.

Gardner-Wills tong

Crutchfield tong

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Halo traction

-provides

stabilization and

support for

fractured cervical

vertebrae

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Bryant's traction is mainly used in young

children who have fractures of

the femur or congenital abnormalities of the

hip. Both the patient's limbs are suspended in

the air vertically at a ninety degree angle from

the hips and knees slightly flexed. Over a

period of days, the hips are gradually movedoutward from the body using a pulley system.

The patient's body provides the

countertraction.

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Bryants Traction

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BUCKS TRACTION one of the most

common orthopedic mechanisms by which

pull is exerted on the lower extremity with a

system of ropes, weights, and pulleys. Buck'straction, which may be unilateral or bilateral,

is used to immobilize, position, and align the

lower extremity in the treatment ofcontractures and diseases of the hip and

knee.

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RUSSELLS TRACTION - a unilateral or

a bilateral orthopedic mechanism that

combines suspension and traction to

immobilize, position, and align the lowerextremities in the treatment of fractured

femurs, hip and knee contractures, and

disease processes of the hip and knee.

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Russells Traction

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Dunlop skeletal traction,an orthopedic

mechanism that helps immobilize the upper

arm in the treatment of contracture or

supracondylar fracture of the elbow. Themechanism uses a system of traction

weights, pulleys, and ropes and may be

accompanied by skin traction. Dunlopskeletal traction is usually applied

unilaterally but may also be applied

bilaterally.

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Dunlop skeletal traction

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Complications

Infection of pin tracts in skeletal traction

Skin breakdown and dermatitis under

skin traction

Complication of immobility

Statis pneumonia

Thrombophlebitis

Pressure ulcers Urinary infection and calculi

Constipation

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NursingDiagnoses

Impaired physical mobility related to

traction therapy and underlying

pathology

Risk for impaired skin integrity related to

pressure on soft tissues

Risk for infection related to bacterial

invasion at the skeletal site Altered peripheral tissue perfusion

related to injury or traction therapy

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NURSING MANAGEMENT

When assisting with a.m. and p.m.

care, encourage the patient to do as

much for himself as

is possible within the constraints of

his immobilization.Assist with or

perform those tasks that the patientcannot perform.

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NURSING MANAGEMENT

keep

traction from being compromised and

observe for complications

When assisting with the bedpan or

urinal, provide adequate time and

privacy for the patient.

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NURSING MANAGEMENT

Check daily to see

whether the patient has had a bowel

movement. Treating constipation will prevent

the more serious problem of fecal impaction.

Physicians will routinely prescribe a stool

softener for immobilized patients in order to

prevent constipation.

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NURSING MANAGEMENT

Encourage the patient to eat all of the

prescribed diet. If permitted by the

physician, suggest that family and friendsbring fruit or a "healthy" favorite food

from home.

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NURSING MANAGEMENT

Assist the patient to take several deep

breaths each hour. Coughing and

deep breathing will help prevent respiratory

complications. Encourage the patient to

actively exercise the unaffected extremities

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NURSING MANAGEMENT

Eliminate any factors that reduce

the traction pull or alter its

direction. Ropesand pulleys should be

in straight alignment and the rope

s should be unobstructed

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