traditional and alternative health care practices among
TRANSCRIPT
TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE PRACTICES
AMONG THE RESIDENTS OF CAGAYAN DE ORO C ITY
INTRODUCTION
Today and in the future, cultures have the human rights to have their cultural values,
beliefs, and needs respected, understood, and appropriately used within any caring or curing
process.. Transcultural nursing is a formal area of study and practice focused on comparative
human-care (caring) differences and similarities of the beliefs, values and patterned life ways of
cultures to provide culturally congruent, meaningful, and beneficial health care to people.
(Leininger& McFarland, 2002)
One of the health practices of Filipino tradition is conceived as a healing system. This is
because Hilot is intertwined with herbalism, bonesetting, midwifery, as well as esoteric practices
such as faith or spiritual healing. Its very principles dictate its uniqueness compared to concepts
of other hands-on methods. In Western society, it is expected that forms of bodywork extend to
a full hour or more.. Natural implements are sometimes used such as sticks and stones to help
penetrate and soften the muscle or to stimulate certain reflexes. In case of certain conditions,
coins, shells or similar objects are used to scrape the surface of the skin, as well as the hollow
tip of a carabao horn, bamboo, or glass cup to create a vacuum on the surface. There are a few
licensed health practitioners that advertise Hilot not just limited to the Filipino communities but to
the general public. Because of such individuals and others that go mainstream, Hilot is steadily
gaining exposure and a good reputation from the thousands of clients being treated, good
reviews from healers that learn its principles and techniques, and is gaining acceptance in the
medical community that is learning of its effectiveness.
The Filipino heritage is diversified. Filipino traditions have been influenced by Indian,
Chinese, Arabian, Spanish, Mexican, and American belief systems.There are many folk beliefs
about the causes of illnesses. Certain illnesses are believed to have a natural origin such as
overeating, poor diet, excessive drinking, infections, and accidents.Some, illness is felt to be
caused by spiritual and moral imbalances. Evil spirits caused by thoughts against the dead are
believed to be the origin of some diseases. Certain persons with extraordinary powers are
thought to be able to cast spells which cause illness. These persons are the Manga-ga-mud
(witch sorcerers). Additionally, a person may become ill if someone casts "the evil eye" upon
them.
Persons suffering from afflictions caused by a Manga-ga-mud or "the evil eye" can be
cured by one of two traditional healers - the Man-ga-gas, the spiritual healer, or the Hilot, the
massage healer. The Hilot uses three forms of treatment: faith healing through prayer, herbal
medicines, and massage and body manipulation. Bisayan Filipinos would seek treatment from
an local shaman or priest for illnesses of a supernatural origin. Religion and prayer play an
important role in Filipino health practices, and that miraculous cures are believed to be possible.
One of the health practices of Filipino is food for health and believed to cure and prevent
illnesses. The Philippine Islands are divided into three geographic regions; Luzon, Visayas, and
Mindanao. Each region has their own traditional foods. The traditional foods for all the Islands
are rice, pork, chicken adobo, pancit (rice noodles), panakbet (mixed vegetables), fish, and
lumpia (similar to Chinese egg roll) . Adobo is a method of preparing certain meats such as pork
or chicken that have been marinated in vinegar, garlic, soy sauce, bay leaf and ground pepper.
Pancit is a pasta made of rice or wheat noodles and is cooked with chicken, shrimp or pork in
soy sauce and garlic. Pancit resembles a Chinese chow-mein dish. Rice is eaten everyday by
Filipinos because it is believed to give a person energy. Bagoong (fermented fish) and patis
(fish extract) are used as spices daily in food. Garlic and onions are also used daily because it is
believed they thin the blood and lower blood pressure. To treat diarrhea, chewing on guava
shoots is recommended.The Filipino diet is traditionally healthy because their basic staples are
vegetables, fruits, and fish
Today Filipinos are still practicing traditional health practices no matter how advance our
health system they still tend to do self healing which they thought could minimize expenses
during hospital care and other alternative health practices in minimizin Health is a right of every
human being, healthy people is a prerequisite to national development. The DOH uses the life
span approach to design programs and assist in the delivery of health services to age specific
groups. It views health care individuals within the context of the family. The term family is define
as the basic unit of community. All members of the family are empowered to maintain their
health status. They must be free from disease of infirmity with disabilities. In public health
perspective , the health of the family is considered as whole and not individual ( Public Health
Nursing of the Philipines 10th edition page 118)
Wellness is a state of being of well. It means engaging in attitudes and behaviour that
enhance the quality of life and maximizing personal potential. Health care providers promote
wellness in clients who are both healthy and ill. This may involve individual and community
activities and to enhance healthy lifestyle, such as improving nutrition and physical fitness,
preventing drug and alcohol abuse, restricting smoking and preventing accidents and injury in
the home and work place. ( fundamentals of nursing 7th edition page 8).
Wellness in the opposite needs either medical, psychological attention, what if the
opposite of wellness is being achieved. So we have this alternative intervention that we believe
as our Traditional health care practices of Filipinos it is still being practice today. Some still do
not seek hospital care instead stay at home and self cure based on that the traditional practices
beliefs of on Filipino culture, one of this is the used medicinal herb plants which is still being
practiced today example of this is the Laya (Ginger) is used for treating sprained extremities. It
is chopped and applied to areas where extremities are sprained.g and preventing illnesses .This
study is conducted to find out the alternatives and traditional health care practices among the
residents of Cagayan de oro city
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The study is based on the concept of self healing; healing is less understood than
pathophysiology. Until recently the idea of curing rather than healing has dominated the
western mode of health care, with emphasis on technology, power, analysis, and the repair of
damaged parts. Curing also implies that the person who offers cure is active and the person
who receives the cure is passive. The phenomenon of self-healing forces has again and again
challenged doctors in the different historical periods of medical science. They relied on effects of
self-healing forces in diagnosis and therapy. They also tried to explain these effects based on
the current model of organism. The understanding of this phenomenon has always influenced
the understanding of therapy and played a role in defining the concept of health and disease. In
the 17th and 18th century the idea of self-healing force was interpreted as a phenomenon
related to the organic forces, whereas in the 19th century the explanation was reduced to a
materialistic mechanism. Nowadays the knowledge of heath-shock-proteins open the way of a
new understanding of the organic defense mechanisms.
The concept of Transcultural Nursing - A humanistic and scientific area of formal study
and practice in nursing which is focused upon differences and similarities among cultures with
respect to human care, health, and illness based upon the people's cultural values, beliefs,
and practices, and to use this knowledge to provide cultural specific or culturally congruent
nursing care to people ..Leininger (1991) notes the main goal of transcultural nursing is to
provide culturally specific care. But before transcultural nursing can be adequately
understood, there must be a basic knowledge of key terminology such as culture, cultural
values, culturally diverse nursing care, ethnocentrism, race, and ethnography.
Traditional and alternative health care practices are still being practice today, some
believe it could minimize hospital expenses and could save money and some believe it is a
natural way of healing the success of this study will contribute to the awareness on the
different traditional and alternative health care practices among the selected residents of
cagyan de oro city. The independent variables include the profile of respondents in terms of
economic status , knowledge and health practices. The economic status focuses on the
monthly income of the family it is believe those family with low monthly income uses
traditional and alternative approach in their health practices, their knowledge could determine
their awareness on to what traditional health practice approach they are practicing, and the
health practices could determine their intervention in every illnesses encountered. The
traditional and alternative health care practices among the selected residents of Cagayan de
Oro City is viewed as to whether they are never as 1, sometimes as 2, always as 3. The
respondents economic status. Knowledge, and health practice may influenced the traditional
and alternative health care practices among the selected residents of Cagayan de Oro city
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES
Figure 1. Schematic presentation showing the relationship between the independent,
dependent variable.
Respondents in terms of:
Economic status Knowledge Health practice
Traditional and alternative health practices among the selected residents of cagayan de oro city
During fever During cough
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The researchers aim to investigate traditional and alternative health care practices
among the selected residents of Cagayan de Oro city . This is to find out the the different health
practices applied, the research seeks to determine the factors that coul lead the resident in
practicing alternatives It is also the intention of this research to provide awareness in practicing
traditional and health care practices.
Specifically, the following objectives will be pursued:
1. To determine the economic status, beliefs and health practices.
2. To determine the traditional and alternative health care practices during fever and
cough.
3. To determine the significant relationship between the traditional and health care
practices and health beliefs, knowledge and practice.
NULL Hypothesis
The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance.
Ho1: There is no significant relationship between the level of vulnerability of health care
providers on the hospital setting in Cagayan de Oro city when respondents are group their
sanitation, knowledge and protocols
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The result of the study will be beneficial to the following:
Clinical Instructors. From the results of the study, the clinical instructors will be aware
and gain knowledge about the alternative and traditional health care practices of the
Cagayan de oro residents
Nursing Students. Through this study the students will be aware to increase there
awareness of different health care practices of the residents of Cagayan de Oro city
Parents. This study will be a guide for the parents of the students on how to provide
care and support to their children.
Future Researchers. This study will provide interest to the future researchers based on
the information which serves as springboard for their own investigation.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study is focused on the traditional and alternative health care practices among the
residents of Cagayan de oro city of. The independent variables are limited only to the
economic status, beliefs, health practices while and the dependent variables Traditional and
alternative health practices among the selected residents of cagayan de oro city
RESEARCH DESIGN
This research study made use of the descriptive method. It is designed for the investigators
to gather information about present existing conditions. The principal aim in employing this
method is to describe the level of vulnerability of healthcare providers in the hospital setting in
Cagayan de Oro City .Padua (1995) stated that descriptive evaluative study is to judge the
goodness of a criterion measure. The findings might serve as basis for decision making and
policy format for the organization concerned. Further, descriptive evaluative research is an
evaluation of the nature of the existing situation during the time of the study. Interview was also
conducted to validate the data
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
The respondents of the study will be selected residents of barangay Carmen and barangay
bulua Cagayn de Oro city.. They will be chosen purposively by the researchers based on the
information provided to their barangay leaders
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The main instrument used in gathering the data for this study was a two-part researcher-
made questionnaire. The first part of the instrument contained items that gathered information
about the profile of the respondents. Part II obtained data about Traditional and alternative
health practices among the selected residents of cagayan de oro city The questionnaires were
personally distributed by the researchers to the respondents and were immediately retrieved.
SCORING PROCEDURE
Data of the study will be gathered with the use of a 3 point scale with the following
description
scale description Qualitative statement
3 Always Practiced always in 3 out 0f
3 situation
2 Sometimes Practiced sometimes in 2
out of 3 situation
1 Never Never been practice in 1
out of 3 situation
LITERATURE REVIEW
The beliefs and traditions of community members have a profound effect on the
health of the community. Traditional beliefs regarding specific health behaviors such as
smoking can influence policy, for example, on whether or not funds will be spent on
antismoking legislation or on some other matter such as highway infrastructure. These
beliefs also influence the types of food, recreational activities, and health services
available in a community. Traditional health-related beliefs and practices among
different ethnic groups fall into three groups: (1) beliefs that result in no harmful health
effects, (2) beliefs that may produce beneficial health outcomes, and (3) beliefs and
traditions which have serious, harmful health outcomes.
the world are replete with traditional health beliefs and practices surrounding
fertility. For example, pregnant women in many Asian cultures are advised that if they
eat blackberries their baby will have black spots, or that if they eat a twin banana they
will give birth to twins. Such ethnocentric beliefs have their foundation in folklore and
traditional practices. The Vietnamese traditionally believe that disease is caused by an
imbalance of the humoral forces of yin and yang. When ill, Vietnamese commonly use
herbal medicines and a set of indigenous folk practices referred to as "southern
medicine" in an effort to restore the yin/yang balance. These practices, from the
Western viewpoint, were once thought to pose barriers to health. Recent investigations,
however, revealed that certain beliefs and practices predicted neither lack of access to,
nor underutilization of, health services. In fact, individuals should not be discouraged
from placing faith in such beliefs, as they may result in positive health outcomes.
(Health Care Access and Preventive Care Among Vietnamese Immigrants: Do
Traditional Beliefs and Practices Pose Barriers?" Social Science and Medicine
43(7):1049–1056.)
The popular Western belief, "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure,"
aptly illustrates the value of prevention—the planning for and taking action to prevent or
forestall the occurrence of an undesirable event. Prevention is more desirable than
intervention, which is the taking of action during an event. Preventive activities include
immunization for childhood diseases, the use of protective clothing or sunscreen to
prevent skin cancer, health-education and health-promotion programs, the use of
automotive passenger restraints and bicycle helmets, chlorination of a community's
water supply, and safe-housing projects.
Cigarette smoking, the largest preventable cause of death and disability in
developed countries (and a rapidly growing health problem in developing countries), is a
classic example of a behavior for which an ounce of prevention is truly worth a pound of
cure. Despite thousands of conclusive studies establishing cigarette smoking as a
cause of cancer, and despite the resulting coughing, odor, facial wrinkles, skin
discoloration, ostracism, and increasingly socially unacceptable nature of this behavior,
smoking rates remain high in certain population groups. Between 1993 and 1995, 47
percent of both black males and white males with less than twelve years of education
were smokers. Among U.S. youths, in the late 1990s, more than one-third of high
school seniors reported having smoked during the preceding two weeks. Unfortunately,
because the debilitating effects of smoking are not visibly present for many years
following initiation of the behavior, most individuals are not willing to do the "ounce of
prevention" part of the adage. A different story emerges for those who do quit smoking.
Smokers who have quit for up to five years soon regain positive health benefits, such as
less coughing, better breathing, and life expectancies equivalent to individuals of the
same age who have never smoked. An additional benefit to society is purely economic:
for every dollar invested in a smoking cessation program, society gets back ten dollars
in terms of decreased rates of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality (or a cost savings
of over $50 billion per year at current rates of investment).( U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services (1999). Health, United States, 1999. Hyattsville, MD: National
Center for Health Statistics.)
On the other side of the scale are health beliefs and practices that result in
physical harm or negative health outcomes. Female circumcision, or female genital
mutilation (FMG), is a graphic illustration of a traditional practice with a negative health
outcome. The traditional belief is that the practice of FMG ensures virginity and family
honor, secures fertility, promotes the economic and social future of daughters, and
perpetuates a "religious tradition." FMG is also believed to preserve group identity, help
maintain cleanliness and health, and further marriage goals, including enhancement of
sexual pleasure for men. As of 2001, the practice was outlawed in the United Kingdom,
Sweden, Belgium, the United States, Canada, Switzerland, France, Denmark, and in
some African nations, such as Egypt, Kenya, and Senegal. The practice of FMG is
justified by proponents who assert it "attenuates sexual desires in girls and protects
their morals." Complications occurring immediately after the practice, and in ensuing
years, range from disability to premature death. The practice is also believed to play a
significant role in facilitating the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection through numerous mechanisms. (Brady, M. (1999). "Female Genital Mutilation:
Complications and Risk of HIV Transmission." AIDS Patient Care and Studies
13(12):709–716)
Filipino Traditional Medicine has been in practice for more than a thousand years
as recorded in the annals of Asian travelers starting circa the 8th century A.D. Even
before the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines (1521-1898), traders from China, India
and Persia have been visiting the islands of Southeast Asia. Thus, health scholars will
be able to trace influences of the Great Traditions in Medicine, namely, Traditional
Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ayurvedic Indian Medicine and Yunani-Tibb (Greek-Persian)
Medicine in Filipino Traditional Medicine.
Spanish Colonial Era. The Spanish chroniclers and friars also documented in full
detail accounts of indigenous healing as practiced in the different islands of the country.
Foremost among the Hispanic literature in the Philippines are the botanical descriptions
of medicinal plants and trees and their uses by various types of traditional healers. On
the other hand, with the Catholic Christianity that Spain brought, the colonizers
suppressed traditional healing practices which were labeled as pagan and “works of the
devil”. The medical and health systems of Spain during its early colonial era in the
Philippines, however, was not yet the modern scientific medicine as practiced in Europe
in the late 19th century but was also a mix of European traditional medicine mainly
using natural substances as herbs and minerals. Hispanic medicine was also greatly
influenced by Yunani-Tibb (Greek-Persian) medicine since Spain was under the Moors
of Persia and Arabia during the first centenaries of the Second Millennium. Thus, when
scholars examine present day Filipino Traditional Medicine, elements of pre-modern
Hispanic medicine and Yunani-Tibb can be appreciated.
Modern European medicine, as a product of the industrial revolution and advancements
in science, came only to the Philippines with the establishment of a College of Medicine
in the University of Sto. Tomas in the latter part of the 19th century. However education
was only available to the children of the Spanish colonizers and a few Filipino mestizo
elite, thus modern European medicine was not accessible and available to the ordinary
Filipino.
American Colonial Era. It was only during the American Colonial Era (1898-1946)
that universal education was made available to all Filipinos. North American medicine
was inevitably introduced with the establishment of the Philippine Medical School, now
the University of the Philippines College of Medicine. With North American health and
medical systems imbedded in government and society, Filipino Traditional Medicine has
been sidelined and mainly ignored. However, North American medicine being the
dominant culture, invariably elements of the new colonizer’s medicine made inroads
also in the practice of Filipino Traditional Healing such as the use of synthetic medicines
especially in the urban and peri-urban areas.
Globalization. With the increasing intensity of globalization starting in the late
20th century to the present, Europeans and North Americans also became open to
accepting and absorbing the best of the great and little traditions of medicine of Asia
into their conventional medical and health practices. Asia, on the other hand, has also
embraced the European and North American models of health and medical care. The
new art and science of Integrative Medicine otherwise known also as Complimentary
and Alternative Medicine, North-South Medicine and Holistic Health and Medicine is
thus born. Spa Health and Wellness is an extension of this Integrative Medicine being
its major expression of health promotion, preventive medicine, restorative health,
holistic health and wellness. It is thus a natural consequence that the Philippine Spa
and Wellness Movement willfully merge Filipino Traditional Healing and Indigenous
Medicine into its philosophy and practice.
Filipino Traditional Medicine as it exists today is thus an eclectic mix of
indigenous healing knowledge, attitudes, skills and practices that has included a blend
of great traditions of medicine of China, India, Greek-Persia and the conventional
medicine of Europe and North America, while basically retaining its distinct socio-
cultural characteristics. An understanding of the world view and theories of health and
illnesses will be helpful to truly appreciate its worthiness. This process will eventually
lead to a smooth integration of Filipino Traditional Healing into Spa Health and
Wellness.
Interviews with thousands of Filipino traditional healers and a review of literature
reveal a unity of purpose and reason for being of their indigenous healing practices.
Theory of Elements (Kalikasan). The belief is that all things on earth and the universe,
living and non-living are compose of the four basic elements of earth (kalikasan ng
lupa), wind (kalikasan ng hangin), fire (kalikasan ng init) and water (kalikasan ng tubig).
Each of these four basic elements have their own characteristics and manifestations in
every object on earth that expresses their uses and effects. Each element is interrelated
with the other elements and must remain in harmony and balance to achieve peace
(kapayapaan), calm (katahimikan)`and serenity (kaginhawahan) in the world. The four
elements are also applied to health and illnesses and a harmony and balance in the
human body of these four elements spell wellness or disease. Note: In Chinese
Traditional Medicine there are five elements: earth, fire, water, wood and metal; The last
two wood and metal are different from two of the four elements of Filipino Traditional
Medicine. Ayurvedic Indian Medicine, also has five elements with the addition of ether to
the four elements, thus: earth, fire, water, wind and ether.
The Theory of Humours - Hot and Cold. (Init at Lamig).Every object on earth, living and
non-living are also labeled as either hot or cold. In Traditional Chinese Medicine this is
the yin (cold) and the yang (hot). Balance and harmony must also be achieved between
hot and cold within the human body and in the environment. A dominance of one
humour will lead to a disease state (pasma/pasmo, pilay/pi-ang). Hot and cold labels
are applied to medicinal plants, food, aroma, daily life activities and diseases. A disease
labeled hot would be treated by a medicinal plant labeled as cold to achieve balance,
thus restoring good health.
The Theory of Energy and Balance (Kisig at Patas). Energy (Kisig) is created by
the interaction of opposite forces e.g. macrocosm vs microcosm; hot vs cold; and by the
interaction of the elements of earth, wind, fire and water. However, all of these opposite
forces must achieve a state of balance and harmony. (Patas-patas). And in the human
body, the interaction of humankind and the environment, the hot and the cold, the four
elements must also be in balance and harmony to achieve health and wellness.
Health and wellness is thus created when there is balance and harmony in the universe,
in humankind and in the human body. Illness is a result of a state of imbalance and
disharmony in the universe, in humankind and in the human body. This is the major
paradigm of Filipino Traditional Healing. This is completely different from the paradigm
of germs and microbes as the major causes of illnesses in European-North American
medicine. Note however, of late, European-North American medicine has accepted that
there are beneficial bacteria aside from just harmful bacteria; and pro-biotics as oppose
to antibiotics.
However in the theory of the causes of health and illnesses regarding
degenerative diseases or lifestyle diseases, there are resonances between Traditional
Healing and European-North American where good diet/nutrition versus bad
diet/nutrition, distress versus relaxation, a life of activity and exercise versus sedentary
life, good habits versus bad habits, virtues versus vices all play roles in creating
cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, depression and accidents.
(www.healththeories.com)
While Filipino Traditional Healing has a comprehensive body of knowledge, skills
and practices, the following are the healing modalities that are suited for merging with
Spa Health and Wellness: The Paligo. Mixtures of air-dried tropical and indigenous
aromatic leaves and flowers with medicinal properties are made into a warm decoction
whose volume is calibrated to ensure a rinsing bath. Mixtures are classified into hot-cold
(init/lamig) balancing rinsing bath; an earth-wind-fire-water herbal balancing rinsing
bath; and a Binat Regulator (Stress Regulator) herbal rinse. The term Binat defies a
direct or literal translation in English. Binat is a state of dis-ease or severe discomfort
that results when a person who has undergone a stressful (work related stress) or
change of life situation (grief due to loss of a loved one) or a body-mind-spirit fatigue
(childbirth) or a prolonged fever/cough/cold illness, upon the first few hours or first day
of feeling well, returns to her/his normal daily routine. In Traditional Filipino Healing, the
holistic body has not yet fully recovered despite the subjective feeling of the concerned
person. Thus, a return to Binat or the state of dis-ease and severe discomfort. the
Oslob. Is a steam inhalation from infusions of air-dried aromatic medicinal herbs and
plants usually given to persons with a state of imbalance and harmony especially from
excess of cold energy. The patient for Oslob is placed under a one person tent made of
cotton cloth where the hot infusion is administered. The Hilot. This is the centerpiece of
the merging of Filipino Traditional Healing and Spa Health and Wellness. To preserve
the integrity of this uniquely Filipino massage technique, there will be a special brochure
that will be distributed to interested parties during the ISPA International Conference.
There will also be a sneak preview via live demonstration of the Hilot during the
conference. (www.enotes.com)
The Hilot is an eclectic mix of indigenous traditional massage techniques from
seven major ethno-linguistic cultural areas of the Philippines bringing forth the best in
each practice ensuring a joyful yet serene total body experience. A distinct feature is the
use of strips of warm banana leaves applied to the different parts of the body at various
stages of the massage therapy. The Dinalisay. These are decoctions of a mixture of
medicinal herbs indigenous to the Philippines, grown in certified organic farm
communities. The Dinalisay are classified in to hot Dinalisay, cold Dinalisay, Earth
Dinalisay, Wind Dinalisay, Fire Dinalisay and Water Dinalisay – all aim at restoring
balance to any state of disequilibrium. The Kisig Galing. This is the use of biomagnetic
energy healing of naturally gifted Filipino Traditional Healers. With the use of their
hands as outlets for transfer of positive biomagnetic energy (Kisig) from their own
personal biomagnetic energy (Kisig) and the positive energy from the environment to
the person in dis-ease, they are able to heal (Galing) parts of the body or the energy
channels or the total body that may have states of imbalance and disharmony. The
Unang Lana. This is the Filipino Virgin Coconut Oil. Made only from the flesh of freshly
picked 90 day old coconuts, which are cold pressed to extract the first coconut oil
(Unang Lana), the clear colorless virgin oil with a distinct sweet aroma is used as a total
body rub, a hair tonic, a massage liniment, a facial mask or even a daily jigger drink for
health and wellness, restoration of body balance and harmony, rejuvenation and body
thermogenesis. All these effects are due to its high content levels of monolaurines or
lauric acid, vitamin E and other anti-oxidants. The Tapik Kawayan. This the use of one
centimeter thick, five centimeter long bamboo (Kawayan) sticks to tap (Tapik) certain
body areas identified through hand palpation to have biomagnetic energy blocks or
predominance of cold humours. The Tapik Kawayan releases the energy blocks to allow
once more the free flow of biomagmetic energy in the affected body parts or the release
of cold humours to achieve a balance of hot/cold (init/lamig) humours. ( WWW.
MUBAPHILLIPINES,COM)
LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF NURSING
R.N. Pelaez Boulevard
Cagayan de Oro City
Dear Respondent,
The researchers are currently conducting a study entitled Traditional and Alternative
health care practices among the residents of Cagayan de oro city.” Kindly answer the following
questions in order for us to gather data for the aforementioned study.
PART 1 RESPONDENTS PROFILE
A. ECONOMIC STATUS
Monthly income ( ) 10,000 above
( ) 7,000- 10,000
( ) 5,000- 7,000
( ) below 5,000
B. HEALTH BELIEFS
( ) believed that some illnesses are cause by spirits that enters the body
( ) believed that cutting nails at night create hang nails
( ) Walking bare-footed increases the risk of developing varicose veins.
( ) Sleeping with your hair damp causes blindness.
( ) other________________________________
C. HEALTH PRACTICE
( ) goes to manghihilot when sick
( ) used of medicinal plants when sick
( ) used of water therapy when sick
( ) goes to witch doctors when sick
( ) seek medical advice
PART II TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE PRACTICES AMONG THE RESIDENTS OF CAGAYAN DE ORO C ITY
Direction: please check
DURING FEVER 1 2 3 Never sometimes always
Giving fluids like water to help
Cool down the body
Giving warm blanket in sleeping
to promote perspiration to help
lowering the body temperature
Placing an ice pack on the
forehead when lying down to
lower body temperature
Application of native vinegar all
over the body it is believed to be
absorbed in the skin that helps
lower down fever
Drinking soft drinks like royal
thru orange and egg it is
believed to aid in faster recovery
DURING COUGH 1 2 3
never sometimes Always
Water therapy is
encouraged to help soften
the secretion
Eating of raw mangoes to
help relieve coughing
Drinking of hot calamansi
juice relieves coughing
Application of menthol
vapor rub on chest
To promote breathing
Using kalabo leaves as an
herbal remedy