traffic controller - managemysales · purpose & objectives of traffic control 4 situations ......

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Copyright Kelyn Training Services Aug 2013 V2

Registered Training Organisation No: 50335

Approved training provider for the delivery of

Kelyn Training Services

Building F, 33 – 37 Murray Road (South) WELSHPOOL WESTERN AUSTRALIA 6106

Tel: 08 9356 3455 of Fax: 08 9356 2897

[email protected] www.kelyn.com.au

Traffic Controller National unit RIIOHS205A

Control Traffic with a Stop/Slow Bat

Course notes

Name: ………………………………………………………

*Signs and devices illustrated within are not depicted in actual colours.

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.kelyn.com.au/

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Contents Page Unit Descriptor 2

Purpose & Objectives of Traffic Control 4

Situations Requiring Traffic Control 4

Traffic Control Risks 5

Mandatory Breaks 5

Other hazards include 6

Solutions to poor visibility 6

Sight Distance & Reaction Time 6

Escape Route 7

Dealing with the Public 8

Pedestrians who may require assistance 8

What Authority do you have? 8

If a Driver Disobeys 9

Approach Speed to Traffic Controller 9

Appropriate Signage 10

Placement of Signs 11

Positioning of Prepare to Stop/Traffic Controller (symbolic) signs 12

End of Queue Protection 13

Tools of the Trade / Features of a Stop–Slow bat 13

Hi-Visibility Vests - Day / Night works work 14

Select the right delineation for the job 14

Two Way Radios 15

Torches for Night Works 15

Use of STOP/SLOW bat when stopping traffic 16

Use of STOP/SLOW bat when releasing traffic 17

Who would you Let go or stop? 18

Radio operations 19

Slowing traffic past the worksite 20

Trucks reversing into the site 20

Emergencies 21

Contingencies and callouts 21

Packing up a work site 21

References

Australian Standard 1742.3 Traffic control for works on roads MRWA Traffic management for works on roads Code of Practice MRWA Traffic Controllers’ Handbook

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This course includes theory elements of RIIOHS205A Control Traffic with a Stop/Slow Bat. Unit Descriptor This unit covers controlling of traffic with a stop-slow bat in resources and infrastructure industries. It includes: planning and preparing; coordinating traffic; operating radios; and cleaning up.

Elements and Performance Criteria Pre-Content

Elements describe the essential outcomes of a unit of competency.

Performance criteria describe the performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element. Where bold italicised text is used, further information is detailed in the required skills and knowledge section and the range statement. Assessment of performance is to be consistent with the evidence guide.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

1. Plan and prepare

1.1.Access, interpret and apply compliance documentation relevant to controlling of traffic with a stop-slow bat

1.2.Obtain, confirm and apply work instructions relevant to the allotted task

1.3.Obtain, confirm and apply safety requirements from the site safety plan and organisational policies and procedures for the allotted task

1.4.Identify, obtain and implement signage and devices requirements from the project traffic management plan

1.5.Select tools and equipment to carry out tasks that are consistent with the requirements of the job; check them for serviceability and rectify or report any faults

1.6.Identify, confirm and apply environmental protection requirements from the project environmental management plan

2. Coordinate traffic

2.1.Position or confirm temporary traffic signs and barriers in accordance with regulations

2.2.Direct traffic in accordance with site traffic plan and away from services or areas of potential damage or danger

2.3.Control vehicles and pedestrian traffic within the worksite to ensure safety of workers

2.4.Monitor traffic, and make adjustments for changing conditions, and position waiting vehicles to allow for smooth traffic flow

2.5.Use hand held stop/slow bats in accordance with regulatory authority approved procedures

2.6.Use hand signals in accordance with regulatory authority approved procedures

2.7.Report traffic offenders in accordance with regulatory authority approved procedures

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3. Operate radio 3.1.Adjust radio controls for optimum reception/transmission results 3.2.Transmit messages concisely and in accordance with operating

procedures or best practice 3.3.Maintain radio power supply

3.4.Check radio contact after nominated period of non contact

4. Clean up 4.1.Remove or cover signs and devices sequentially to provide warning to motorists during shutdown

4.2.Clean, check, maintain and store tools and equipment in accordance with recommendations and standard work practices

Required Skills and Knowledge

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit.

Required skills

Specific skills are required to achieve the performance criteria in this unit, particularly for the application in the various circumstances in which this unit may be applied. This includes the ability to carry out the following as required to control traffic with a stop-slow bat:

apply legislative, organisation and site requirements and procedures

Required knowledge

Specific knowledge is required to achieve the Performance Criteria of this unit, particularly its application in a variety of circumstances in which the unit may be used. This includes knowledge of the following, as required to control traffic with a stop-slow bat:

site and equipment safety requirements

traffic controlling

traffic management plans

traffic control signage and barricades

radio operations

equipment types, characteristics, technical capabilities and limitations

operational and maintenance procedures for equipment

site isolation and traffic control responsibilities and authorities

affects of travel speed and vehicle mass on stopping distances

quality requirements

JSAs/Safe work method statement

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Purpose of Traffic Control To meet our obligations under the OSH Act and the Duty of Care regulations by ensuring the safety of the;

• Traffic Controller

• Workers on site • Motoring Public • Pedestrians • Disabled And maintain access to business & private property.

Provide good public relations and provide assistance.

Objectives of Traffic Control & Traffic Management Plans (TMP’s)

• Ensure relevant signage procedures outlined in the Traffic Management Plan (TMP) are followed.

• Ensure the safety of anyone who comes into contact, or who is affected by the worksite.

• To ensure work on site continues efficiently i.e. priority given to worksite vehicle movements.

• To maintain the best possible ‘continuity of flow’ for the traffic i.e. keep traffic delays to a minimum.

• Reduce inconvenience to all footpath users i.e. pedestrians should not be held up for more than 2 to 3 minutes.

Situations Requiring Traffic Control

• Lane closure on a two lane, two way road

• Imposing a worksite speed limit of less than 40km/h

• Trucks in and out of construction sites

• As a ‘crossing guard’ for pedestrians

• Slowing traffic past a worksite

• Directing traffic past or around a hazard

• Where blasting is being carried out

• Emergency situations Traffic Controllers are permitted to bank up vehicles to reduce speed. Stopping a lead vehicle and telling the

driver to maintain a certain speed through the site can also be affective in maintaining an acceptable speed.

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Traffic Control Risks

• Traffic Control has unexpected dangers for traffic controllers and the workers i.e. erratic/dangerous drivers, mentally impaired, accidents/incidents etc.

• Traffic Controllers need to be aware of the dangers and be prepared i.e. find out what the emergency/evacuation procedures are for the site.

• Constantly monitor the worksite to ensure the traffic control measures are effective i.e. Monitor signs and devices to ensure secure and visible to traffic. Also monitor the work area to ensure workers/pedestrians are clear of the travelled path.

• To ensure safety, traffic controllers need to stay alert.

Stay Alert: Mandatory Breaks

• Traffic Controllers are to have a 15 minute break from doing traffic control every two (2) hours.

• This is a mandatory requirement in AS1742.3

• May be asked to do other work during this break

• Multi-tasking helps with compliance i.e. any other TC accredited worker onsite could take over during the break

• Breaks to be noted in the Daily Diary or Roster (attached to the TMP) & signed off

• Keeping the Traffic Controllers alert helps to ensure everyone's safety

Unscheduled Breaks

• The traffic controller may not leave position unless relieved by a competent person

• Unless pre-arranged, supervisor must be advised prior to any changeover

• Do not hand to member of the public to hold

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Other Hazards; Poor visibility caused by...

• Rain • Dust • Fog • Smoke • Poor light • Crests, bends, dips and hills • Shadows, cloud cover, storms • Position of sun or temporary lighting

Solutions to poor visibility:

• If able, close the worksite down and re-open the road. • If unable to close worksite down, move workers off the roadway/out of the

danger area. • Ensure traffic at lowest speed allowable. • Extend the ‘Safety buffer’ and install ‘collision’ cones in centre of lane. • Use additional signs to repeat important information to the driver. • Place beacons (on vehicles OK) at PTS sign and at the Traffic Controllers position.

Sight distance & Reaction time

Illustrated above is the minimum sight distance that a driver must be able to see the traffic controller. E.G In a 60km/h zone sight distance = 90m

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Escape Route

• Don’t turn your back to approaching traffic. • Usually 90 degrees to and away from the traffic.

Traffic controller must be able to move to safety without the risk of being hit by either site vehicles or the public.

Not in the middle of the road unless an adjacent lane has also been closed, and/or controls in place to stop an errant vehicle i.e. Parked Truck or Barrier system. Example of protection used to cover the Traffic Controllers escape route when working in the middle of the road

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Check regularly to ensure not blocked.

Stay alert; be ready to move quickly to the escape route.

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Dealing with the Public

Traffic controller must be polite and courteous and consider the needs of all road users and pedestrians.

Conflicts with road users should be avoided.

Drivers that wish to complain should be referred to the supervisor

Traffic Controllers should not leave their post to talk to drivers. If it is necessary (due to excessive delays) another worker should be used

Don’t talk to the driver at the driver’s side of the vehicle. This may compromise your escape route

Explaining to an angry driver that you are stopping them for their own safety may help to calm the situation.

. Pedestrians who may require assistance

Do not leave your post

Maintain control of the traffic

Encourage other pedestrians to assist

Call the supervisor/worksite for assistance

if there is no other option

Wait time should be no longer than 2-3 minutes

What Authority do you have?

Road Traffic Code 2000, Road Traffic Regulation 83 provides Traffic Controllers with the following legal authority;

When Stopping Traffic - In accordance with Reg. 83;

….“an offence is committed if the driver fails to comply with a hand held ‘STOP’ sign displayed by a Traffic Controller”

When Releasing Traffic - Reg. 83 states that a driver may only proceed……

‘A’ …if the Traffic Controller turns the bat to “SLOW’ and indicated to proceed.

‘B’ …otherwise indicates that the driver may proceed through the ‘STOP’ bat. ‘B’ is used for contingencies & emergencies.

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Authority

The public is unaware of your authority so…..

• Look the part (presentation and equipment)

• Make sure drivers have seen you

• Drivers to have sufficient time to comply

• Firm and decisive actions (hand signals)

• Do not argue with public (refer supervisor)

• Ignore abuse from public

• Call for assistance if unsure what to do

If a Driver Disobeys If a driver disobeys the direction of a Traffic Controller, the Traffic Controllers shall………….

• Follow the procedure outlined in the Traffic Controllers Handbook section 3.10

• Make a diary note to state that this has been done

• The Supervisor shall then visit a Police Station and complete a official incident report form

• Offenders cannot be phoned in to the Police

Approach Speed to Traffic Controller

• Maximum approach speed to the Traffic Controller is 60 km/h.

• Determined by the worksite./ worksite activity

• If 1.2m separation exists between the workers on foot and the travelled path then a 60 km/h limit could be used (a Bollard & Containment fence may be used to keep workers clear).

• If workers on foot are within 1.2m of the travelled path then a 40 km/h limit is required.

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Appropriate & Inappropriate Signage

A Traffic Controller must not use hand signals alone to direct traffic. The bat combined with hand signals is used.

Do not use any signs or devices (Arrow boards, Hazard markers) that direct traffic into the other lane prior to the worksite.

Inappropriate Signage

Appropriate Signage

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Temporary Hazard Markers may also be used along the edge (cone line) of the worksite to ensure the traffic stays in the correct lane when the worksite is not visible E.G Long worksites

Placement of Signs

Value of Dimension D (Sign spacing)

D = Distance, based on the speed of the road.

Posted Speed 1 x Unit of Distance (1D) 50km or less = 15 meters Low speed and residential roads 60km = 45 meters

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70km = 70 meters High speed, highways and rural roads 80km = 80 meters 90km = 90 meters 100km = 100 meters 110km = 110 meters

"D" is always based on the speed of the road immediately before the worksite speed.

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Which signs A Traffic Controller must check the requirements of the TMP and consider many factors

• PTS and Traffic Controller (symbolic) must be used in conjunction with one another

• Only used when a Traffic Controller is in attendance.

• Must be removed or lowered when the traffic controller is not in attendance

• Signs should be positioned side by side unless there is no room to do so

• It’s the responsibility of Traffic Controller to check signs before they start work.

• May be up to 4D where necessary due to bad sight lines or long queue lengths

• The Traffic Controllers instructions are not to conflict with any existing signs. E.G KEEP LEFT or GIVE WAY or signalised intersections or railway crossings nearby.

Positioning of the Prepare to Stop and Traffic Controller (symbolic) signs

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OR

Urban End of Queue Protection

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End of queue protection is required in difficult alignments and / or where speed is greater than 70km/h. Refer: Page 19 in the MRWA Traffic Controllers Handbook.

Tools and Equipment

Stop–Slow bat • 450mm & 600mm Diameter (AS1742:3).

• 600mm Diameter is recommended in WA.

• Must be retro-reflective

• A support holder for the pole can be used as long as the holding device does not pose a hazard.

• The bottom of the sign should be 1.8m from the ground. Telescoping handles may be used for adverse conditions.

• The bat must kept be in good condition. Use cover to protect.

• The Slow sign is advisory.

Tools and Equipment continued

Hi-Visibility Vests • Must meet for Hi-Visibility material

• Must be worn properly fastened

• Be in good condition (clean)

• Retro-reflective tape

• Check the labels in the clothing to confirm it complies with the relevant standard.

Day works AS/NZS 4602 Night works AS/NZS 1906.1

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Traffic Cones and Bollards

Tools and Equipment continued

Two Way Radios

• Must be used when traffic controllers cannot maintain visual contact or in poor visibility

• Coordination between more than two traffic controllers is required i.e. T-junctions

• Working at night

• If site traffic is constantly entering and leaving the work area and may not always be visible to the traffic controllers.

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Torches & Wands for Night Works

• Two way radios must also be used.

• Cones and Bollards to be fitted with Retro-Reflective tape to the standards (AS1906.1).

• A torch or illuminated wand for directing traffic (hand signals cannot be seen at night).

Use of STOP/SLOW bat

Rest Position – When there is no traffic present both Traffic Controllers should be on stop.

Stand on kerb or shoulder and ensure an unobstructed view of worksite and traffic in both directions.

Rest Position

Where possible avoid stopping large vehicles at the front of the queue.

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Stopping traffic - Wait for a suitable break in the traffic i.e. at least equal to the

breaking distance of the vehicle approaching.

• Turn bat to STOP & extend into the lane. • Raise arm in stop signal to draw attention.

Stop Position

Bat in the left hand, right hand up in the air giving a clear stop signal

Stopping traffic continued

• Once traffic has stopped, change your position as necessary (where safe to do so) so you are clearly visible to traffic as it arrives. Be cautious of vehicles approaching from both directions

• Stand side-on, watching both traffic & worksite. • If using two way radios, advise other traffic controller that traffic stopped & details of last

vehicle sent through. Describe the vehicle i.e. licence plate details. Don’t describe the driver.

Use of STOP/SLOW bat

Releasing Traffic

• When releasing traffic, wait for last car to pass and confirm with other traffic controller

• Double check worksite still clear at other end

• Make sure traffic does NOT start to move

• Check your end of worksite is clear

• Turn the bat to SLOW

• Wave the traffic through

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• Advise other traffic controller of vehicles sent and last car details

• Return to the rest position

Release Position

Who would you ‘let go’ rather than stop?

• FESA & Police (priority)

• Trucks/heavy vehicles

• Buses (inconvenience up to 20-40 people/timetables)

• Site vehicles (supervisor/trucks/plant)

• Livestock vehicles

Who would you stop?

• Speeders & hoons (stop and advise site being monitored)

• Over width vehicles can be up to 8m wide. This vehicle may have to wait whilst room is made to allow it through.

• Groups & Convoys - bunch traffic up and release together E.G. o Funerals o Convoys o Car and bike clubs

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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Radio Operations

When operating a two way radio:

• THINK about what you need to say

• PRESS the transmit button

• PAUSE

• TALK (Keep brief)

• PAUSE

• RELEASE the transmit button

Two Way Radios (UHF CB)

• UHF 40 Channel Citizens Band (CB) are commonly used for TC

• Check what channels are preferred on the site

• Limited range (check manufactures specifications)

• Avoid using busy channels

• Obstacles like hills or buildings will limit the range distance of radios

• A third operator may be required to relay messages

• Avoid using bad language, derogatory remarks or conversation

UHF CB Channels

Channels Use 11 Calling/general 9, 12-17, 19-21, 24-30 & 39 Conversations/work (TC) 40 Trucks/transport 18 Caravans/holidays 10 4x4 clubs & Nat Parks 5 & 35 Emergency Calling 1-8 & 31-38 Repeaters 22 & 23 Do not use (Data only)

Channels indicated in red above should be avoided It is an offence under the Radio Communications Act 1992 and Regulations to transmit on UHF Emergency Channels unless it is an emergency.

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Two Way Radios - Before work commences:

• Establish operating channel and alternate channel. • Transition method (description used to identify last car through) • Non-contact procedure (Max: 5 minutes) • Emergency procedure (e.g. Emergency, Emergency, Emergency) • Workers & sub-contractors advised of procedures (Pre-start briefing) • Perform a radio check • Check spare battery & recharge or replace batteries when finished

Two Way Radios – operating procedures

• Always acknowledge transmissions when received i.e. “OK” “Received”

• Repeat back important information i.e. “OK, two vehicles coming through”

• Use terms like; “Sending my vehicles now”, “I have stopped my vehicles”

• When describing the last car details use licence plate numbers or total number of vehicles.

• Avoid using the term “clear” it is ambiguous.

If your radio stops working

• Check all controls

• Check you are on the correct channel

• Try calling the supervisor/workers

• If unable to make contact – remain in the Stop position

• The other Controller will make contact with the supervisor & send assistance.

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Situations requiring Traffic Control

Slowing Traffic past a worksite

DO NOT STAND IN THE WORK AREA

• Tasked with ensuring compliance with the speed zones set up.

• Traffic Controller can only Slow the traffic (can’t stop two lanes) in this situation.

Trucks requiring worksite access / egress

• Trucks requiring the use of both lanes briefly • Signage is also required for the Traffic Controllers (not shown)

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• An additional worker will be required, on the footpath at the entry, to prevent the vehicle reversing into a pedestrian.

EMERGENCIES

• Remain in position if possible (in the Stop position)

• Maintain control of the traffic

• Use the emergency pro-word (i.e. emergency, emergency, emergency) on the two-way. This should get the other Traffic Controller/s to go to stop and activity to cease on the site.

• Ensure site safety.

• Do not use Mobile Phone unless critical.

• Advise the supervisor by radio so they can arrange help/ambulance, etc.

• Get traffic flowing as soon as safe. (Excessive queues could create other safety issues).

• Complete an incident report (see supervisor). There is also a Sample Incident Report form at the back of the MRWA Traffic Controllers Handbook.

Contingencies, emergencies & callout arrangements

• Lights

• Extra signs i.e. Prepare to Stop

• Spare cones

• Communication

• Fire Prevention

• First Aid Kit & Qualified First Aiders

• Other workers who can assist

Packing up a work site

Traffic Controllers may have to stop traffic whilst...

• Plant and equipment is been removed.

• Road is cleaned and swept ready for traffic. (Contractors responsibility)

• Other equipment is removed from behind the cones i.e. Flashing Arrow signs.

• Cones/bollards are removed.

• Traffic Controllers may then release traffic and remove advance warning signage.

• All equipment should be cleaned and checked for serviceability before it is stored. Any maintenance required should be reported.

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traffic controller - managemysales · purpose & objectives of traffic control 4 situations ......

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