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6/27/2014 1 Operator Training in HDR Brachytherapy: Preventing Treatment Errors Zoubir Ouhib, MS, DABR The Lynn Cancer Institute at Boca Raton Regional Hospital Boca Raton, FL Disclosure Zoubir Ouhib, MS, DABR, is a speaker for ELEKTA and Varian.

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Page 1: Training in HDR Brachytherapy: Preventing Errors · 5 10 15 Skin Esophagus Prostate Breast Lung GYN Others nu Procedures Similar Sources of errors from HDR data •Lack or inadequate

6/27/2014

1

Operator Training in HDR Brachytherapy: Preventing Treatment Errors

Zoubir Ouhib, MS, DABRThe Lynn Cancer Institute at Boca Raton Regional Hospital

Boca Raton, FL

Disclosure

Zoubir Ouhib, MS, DABR, is a speaker for ELEKTA and Varian.

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Learning Objectives

• Be familiar with methods of training• Understand the correlation between training and 

i hi h d (HDR)treatment errors in high‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy

• Understand how treatment errors occur• How to maintain a safe HDR brachytherapy program and reduce errors

• Understand the importance of items likeUnderstand the importance of items like checklists, peer review, policies and procedures, QA

• Importance of continuing quality improvement

Methods of Training

• Manufacturer training

• Proctor training• Proctor training

• Training from professional associations and institutions

• Peer review

• Re‐trainingRe training

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Manufacturer Training

• Application specialist: software and hardware (clinical advice usually excluded)( y )

• To be offered to the whole team

• Details to be clearly defined at time of purchase: time, agenda, documentation 

• Should be part of the purchase and not itemized

• Should be a combination of didactic and hands on

• Should be scheduled no more than few weeks prior to procedure implementation

Proctor Training

• To be done by a qualified individual (Radiation Oncologist, medical physicist)

• Clinically oriented training• Clinically oriented training• Clear agenda of the training prior to procedure• To be provided to more than one person (valuable for back up and peer review later)

• Opportunity for drafting P.P.• How to perform the procedure safely and addressHow to perform the procedure safely and address all possible clinical issues associated with it

• Should be done for a minimum of 3 cases• Opportunity for proctor to provide feedback to the team on possible improvements

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Annual “external” Review

• Should be done on an annual basis for the whole brachytherapy program (required for whole brachytherapy program (required for accreditation)

• Opportunity to evaluate the procedures  (simulation, planning, treatment delivery, documentation, QA, calibration, 

i i i i )communication, outcome, toxicity, errors)

• Opportunity for improvement

Weekly Peer Review

• Chart rounds (members of the brachy team)

• Tumor board• Tumor board 

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Professional Associations, Institutions, and Other Manufacturer Training

• ASTRO, ESTRO, AAPM, ABS: workshops,  schools, and brachy fellowship (ABS for A.U. schools, and brachy fellowship (ABS for A.U. and QMP)

• Academic institutions (MD Anderson, Memorial, Stanford, Cleveland Clinic, etc…): workshops

• Manufacturers, schools, webinars, workshops

Training Factor and Treatment Errors

• ACMUI (Advisory Committee on the Medical Use of Isotopes) Report 2011:

Rate of M.E. 2009 and 2010: 0.02%

(8 per 33,000 TX)

• Failures to follow departmental guidance

• Human failures in performing tasks

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Years # cases

2000 5

2001 23

2002 10

2003 6

2004 9

2005 16

2006 25

Review of Medical errors for HDR cases 2000‐2013 (ZO)

2006 25

2007 9

2008 10

2009 35

2010 17

2011 18

2012 12

Total= 19815

20

25

30

35

mber of cases

0

5

10

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

nu

Years

HDR ERRORSYears # casesWrong Length 93

Overdose 20

Underdose 22Hardware/software 17

Others 44Wrong

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

number of cases

Wrong patient 2

Total= 198

0

10

20

n

Procedures

Others: source stuck, personnel 

exposure

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Years # cases

Skin 5

Esophagus 4

Prostate 24

Breast 30

Lung 7

GYN 49

HDR Procedures 

Others 43

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

mber of cases

Total=162

0

5

10

15

Skin Esophagus Prostate Breast Lung GYN Others

num

Procedures

Similar Sources of errors from HDR data

• Lack or inadequate training, competency of individualsindividuals

• Communication issues

• Lack of documented procedures

• Human errors contribute to more than 80% events

• Equipment issues (hardware and software)

• Others

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Types of errors

• Incorrect dose delivery due to:

a) Incorrect step sizea) Incorrect step size

b) Incorrect reference points

c) Incorrect treatment setup

d) Incorrect source Indexer length

• Incorrect body site treated• Incorrect body site treated

• Mechanical failure

Why do errors occur? Training factor

• Increased complexity of advancing technology => more opportunities for errors         T

• Lack of knowledge education information• Lack of knowledge, education, information, inexperience           T

• Teamwork: poor communication         T• Time shortage/fatigue• Equipment failure and poor feedback from system  T• Poor instructions/procedures (manufacturers, within) T      

d i h k• Wrong person doing the wrong task       T• Lack of proper equipment       T• Inattention/distraction         T

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Why do errors occur? Training factor (Cont’d)

• Poor organizational safety culture (proactive one)

• Poor morale

• Poor supervision/checking           T• Misperceptions of hazards           T

• False belief that bad outcomes won’t happen t Tto us          T

• Emotional state (anger, stress, etc…)

• Power factor/hostile environment

Lessons Learned

• Errors are inevitable and no one is immune 

• Training does not address all issuesTraining does not address all issues

• Look for risks and errors, and do not assume things are correct

• Constructive questioning attitude 

•Human factor is a significant contributor to•Human factor is a significant contributor to treatment errors

• Evolving technology => new errors replace old ones

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Lessons Learned (Cont’d)

• Current approach: evaluate items after an error

• Better approach: investigate processes andBetter approach: investigate processes and applications for potential problems in a continuous way 

• Complete testing: pass and fail options

• Identify sources of errors and provide permanent l ti tsolutions as a team 

• Avoid rushing to the use or implementation of something new (device, procedure)?

Can We Learn From Others? 

• Reporting errors is a good start but, without additional concrete goals, will not help reduce them 

• Report: detailed information of the source(s) of error, conditions, and implemented solutions to assist self and others

• Information should be available in an efficient and id t id i il f h irapid way to avoid similar ones from happening 

elsewhere

• Users meeting session to discuss patient safety/errors, solutions, and improvements

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Can We Learn From Others? (Cont’d) 

• Create vendor and users website for information sharing (Manufacturer website)     

• R0‐ILS (Radiation Oncology Incident Learning System) sponsored by ASTRO and AAPM

• Errors should be used as an opportunity for a refresher training and risk audit

• “Near misses” should be available to others to avoid actual ones

• Will events be part of CMS payments in the future? 

more events  less payment better Q.I

When is re‐training needed?

• Too many close calls or near misses• Unexpected patient outcomes• Not doing enough cases to maintain skills, expertise

• Individuals uncertain about their actions • Staff not following P&P, Checklists• New Software/hardware or upgradeW d i h hi• Wrong person doing the wrong thing

• Staff on rotation • Patients reminding staff about Tx details

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Can You Reduce Treatment Errors?

• Design and implement a good QA• Implement and  use practical checklists (specific not generic)• Link safety and cost savings (financial)• Use Root Cause Analysis • Educate staff about errors and legal ramifications• Focus on systems and not on individuals• Learn from mistakes (own and others)• Focus on staff competency (invest a little now to avoid paying more later)

• Question is not “if an institution can afford training their• Question is not “if an institution can afford training their staff” but rather “can it afford not to train them”?

• Implement annual peer review • Seek advice and clarification at all time • Use published guidelines

Training dilemma!!

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Possible Consequences From a Medical Event

• Could have a devastating effect on patients/family and changes someone’s life 

• Increase staff job related stress and cause significant• Increase staff job‐related stress and cause significant emotional distress 

• Impact on the facility• Impact on the modality• We are human and errors are bound to happen and therefore we need to be vigilant at all times in this fi ld (N tt h d thi k !)field (No matter how good we think we are!)

Remember: No human is infallible 

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Thank you