1

DqÀ½vÀ vÀgÀ¨ÉÃw ¸ÀA¸ÉÜ

ADMINISTRATIVE TRAINING INSTITUTE ®°vÀªÀĺÀ¯ï gÀ¸ÉÛ, ªÉÄʸÀÆgÀÄ-570011

www.atimysore.gov.in Tel.:0821 2443839, 2522142, 2443264 Fax: 2523899

Report on

Training Needs Analysis for

Disaster Mitigation & Management in

Karnataka

Prepared by

Dr Ashok Sanganal

Sr. Faculty (Disaster Management & AT)

Centre for Disaster Management

http://www.atimysore.gov.in/

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Departments Covered Under TNA Report

1. Home Department 2. Health and Family Welfare Department 3. Department of AYUSH 4. Agriculture Department 5. Horticulture Department 6. Karnataka State Fire and Emergency Services 7. Civil Defense and Home Gaurds 8. Department of Factories and Boilers 9. Department of Industries and Commerce 10. Information Department 11. Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services 12. Water Resource Development/Irrigation Department 13. Public Works Department 14. Rural Development Department 15. Energy Department, KPTCL and ESCOMs 16. Urban Development Department, Municipal City Corporations of Gulbarga,

Mysore, Hubli-Dharwad and Mangalore

17. Department of Forest & Environment

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Preface Every year, the Karnataka State has been incurring huge damages to property and lives

due to multiple disasters. The training and capacity enhancement of the functionaries is

essential in order to ensure effective preparedness & mitigation, quick response and

rehabilitation. The Centre for Disaster Management at ATI Mysore is conducting training

for all levels of Govt. officials, NGOs and elected representatives of PRIs and ULBs. The

Administrative Training Institute Mysore is the apex training institute in the state actively

involved in the capacity building and training of the Officers and functionaries of various

departments. The Systematic Approach to Training starts with identification of training

needs of employees. Only then should we go for next stages of Planning & Designing,

Implementation and Assessment of training. Merely imparting training without prior

assessment of problems and gaps in Knowledge, Skills and Attitude is going to be a futile

exercise as it may not address precisely the performance problems of employees. The

ATI Mysore is taking steps to analyse the job, tasks, existing and expected performance

levels, causes for poor performance finally leading to identification of training and non-

training interventions. To do this and in line with the State and National Training Policy,

ATI has taken up the study of TNA(Training Needs Analysis) of employees of

departments to identify the performance problems of various levels employees

department-wise and prepare comprehensive need based training plan and Designs.

Ensuring objective and performance based training is crucial to facilitate the employees

perform their tasks to the expected levels. The ATI Mysore has been trying to involve the

departments/departmental training managers and employees to prepare department-wise

and employee-wise training plan and designs and also suggest non-training interventions

to the departments concerned. The state training policy and perspective plan of ATI

Mysore prepared by the Institute and approved by State Government provide overall

direction to the training in the State. The Institute’s Faculty in order enhance quality are

taking up action research, documentation of case studies, best practices, preparation of

handbooks, manuals, exercises, short films, e-lectures, E-learning materials etc.

This TNA study for employees of the Departments would facilitate the Management of

respective organisations to plan, design and assess the training in terms of performance

improvement of different levels of employees. The ATI Faculty would be happy to

extend their expertise to the departments and organisations on matters of TNA,

Designing, Trainer Skills, Evaluation, Training Methodology and in imparting need

based training. I appreciate the efforts of Dr Ashok Sanganal, Faculty and Master Trainer,

ATI and the Officers of all the 17 departments who have provided inputs during the

survey, interview, discussions and workshops while preparing the TNA Study.

Date : 30,10.2014 (V Rashmi)

Place : Mysore

V Rashmi, IAS Director General ATI Mysore

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TNA for Disaster Risk Mitigation & Management in

Karnataka

1.1 Introduction

The Systematic Approach to Training (SAT) begins with identification of training

needs of the functionaries. The training and non-training needs are identified based on the

performance gaps and problems of the employees. It may be noted that the performance

of the employees is not up to the standards prescribed by the organization due to various

factors. These factors are classified into three categories 1) Environmental, 2)

Behavioural, and 3) Motivational. Whereas the behavioural factors such as knowledge

and skill gaps could be solved through training, the environmental and motivational

factors requiring the attention of the Management/Organisation can not be addressed

through training alone. The organization has to take necessary steps to provide required

facilities and working environment to the employees for effective performance. It means

that the motivational factors such as incentives, rewards, promotions etc., and

environmental factors such as basic facilities, working place, equipment, tools, rules,

procedures etc., may also hinder the performance of the employees. The organizations

have to be clear as to what are the causes for poor performance. Both training institute

and the client organization need to assess the reasons for performance gaps. It is after

thorough analysis of the performance problems and gaps, that the actual training and non-

training needs are being identified. The training institutes would undertake training

designing only after the assessment of training needs. Otherwise, training designs

prepared as such may not address the performance gaps and consequent implementation

of such designs would lead to wastage of time and resources.

Disaster management is the responsibility of the Government. More than 23 line

departments are identified for managing various types of disasters including man made

disasters in Karnataka. District administrations are entrusted with the responsibility of

preparation of district disaster management plans, implementation and mock drilling of

the plans. Search and rescue, providing relief and rehabilitation are the important post

disaster activities to be performed by the officers and officials. Since disaster

management requires technical and managerial skills and knowledge in order to face the

incidents of different kind, it is necessary to prepare the officers, officials, elected

representatives, community and community based organizations to be ready to effectively

manage the disasters. There is a need to analyze the duties in relation to disaster

management and performance problems. The performance gaps could be bridged by

providing appropriate skills and knowledge through training. The performance problems

caused due to factors such as poor working environment, inadequate facilities, incentives,

equipment, materials etc., need to be addressed by the Government/Organization.

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Training provided in isolation of these factors may not really solve the performance

related problems. The TNA is an outcome of the following processes carried out me in

consultation with adequate number of employees selected from various departments;

Interviews and Discussions with various levels of employees

Two Day TNA workshops at all four Regions of Karnataka

Studying of the Job Description or Chart

Competency Mapping( Levels of Knowledge, Skills and Attitudinal Aspects)

Problem, Cause and Effect Analysis

Identification of Performance Problems

Analysis of Performance Problems

SWOT Analysis

Identification of Training and Non Training Needs

Design Briefs.

In the first stage, the performance problems are identified. Performance problem is

the difference between the prescribed level of performance and the existing level of

performance. If the existing level of performance of an employee is less than the

prescribed level, then the organization or the employer has to take steps to address the

problems by identifying the training and non-training needs. It is crucial to analyze the

causes for these problems. Tools such as Focused Group Discussions(FGD), Cause and

Effect Analysis, SWOT analysis, CETNA questionnaires were used to identify the

training and non training needs. Since, there are large number of employees at various

levels in the departments, adequate representative samples from each department are

taken to study the problems. The district administrations have expressed the need for

training with appropriate provision of infrastructural facilities in order to be able to

effectively manage the natural and manmade disasters.

Therefore, Centre for Disaster Management at ATI Mysore has felt the necessity of

conducting a comprehensive TNA for disaster management in Karnataka for the key

departments to be involved in pre, during and post disaster management. In this context,

the Administrative Training Institute Mysore has took up the task of detailed study on

“Training Needs Assessment for Disaster Management in Karnataka”. The

researcher/Faculty adopted the following road map for preparation of TNA report.

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Road Map for TNA

2 Days TNA state level workshop at ATI Mysore

for the middle to senior level officers of line departments

on TNA for Disaster Management

2 Days Southern Karnataka Regional TNA Workshop at

ATI Mysore

TNA workshop for the line department officers of districts

from southern part of Karnataka

2 Days Northern Karnataka Regional TNA Workshop at

Gulbarga DTI

TNA for Disaster Mgt. workshop for the line department

officers of districts from southern part of Karnataka

Field Survey

Data Collection and Analysis: CETNA Questionnaires, FGD,

SWOT, Cause and Effect Analysis

Competency mapping, identification of performance gaps

and PPs

Training and Non-training

Implications

Design Briefs

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1.2 Objectives of the Study

To list the duties and responsibilities of the functionaries in various departments

for disaster management

To list the performance problems of various employees department wise for

managing the disasters

To create awareness on training and capacity building in the departments involved

in disaster management

To identify competencies and the training needs of various levels of employees

department-wise to manage the disasters effectively

To identify the non-training needs or factors required for improving the work

environment in the identified department-wise functionaries

To evolve training plan and sample design briefs based on TNA

1.3 Methodology

The Coordinator and Faculty used the CETNA templates developed by the NIDM

with suitable modifications and Questionnaires designed and tailored to different levels

of employees to seek information on duties and responsibilities, performance problems,

cause and effect, SWOT analysis, training & non-training needs were used. Focus group

discussion (FGD) were also conducted to obtain information on performance problems at

various levels on the job including the non training needs. The following tools and steps

were adopted;

Interviews and Discussions with various levels of employees

Two Day TNA workshops at all four Regions of Karnataka

Studying of the Job Description or Chart

Competency Mapping( Levels of Knowledge, Skills and Attitudinal Aspects)

Problem, Cause and Effect Analysis

Identification of Performance Problems

Analysis of Performance Problems

SWOT Analysis

Identification of Training and Non Training Needs

Design Briefs.

1.4. Departments Covered under the TNA Study

1. Home Department, Government of Karnataka

2. Health and Family Welfare Department , Government of Karnataka

3. Department of AYUSH, GoK

4. Agriculture Department, Government of Karnataka

5. Horticulture Department, GoK

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6. Karnataka State Fire and Emergency Services, GoK

7. Civil Defense and Home Gaurds, Government of Karnataka

8. Department of Factories and Boilers, Government of Karnataka

9. Department of Industries and Commerce, GoK

10. Information Department, Government of Karnataka

11. Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Government of

Karnataka

12. Water Resource Development/Irrigation Department, Government of Karnataka

13. Public Works Department, Government of Karnataka

14. Rural Development Department, Government of Karnataka

15. Energy Department, KPTCL and ESCOMs

16. Urban Development Department, Municipal City Corporations of Gulbarga,

Mysore, Hubli-Dharwad and Mangalore

17. Department of Forest and Environment, GoK

1.4.1 State Level Workshop on TNA for Disaster Management

As a first step, a state level workshop on TNA and Capacity Enhancement for

Disaster Management was organized at ATI Mysore. 18 Senior and middle level officers

representing various Departments of the state Government from different districts

participated in the workshop. The Course Coordinator being the recognized Master

Trainer along with resource persons of ATI Mysore elicited the views and expectations in

terms of training and non-training needs of various levels of employees, department-wise.

Formats were used to seek the required information from the Officers. The participants

were district level Officers, they could assess the needs of the lower level staff working

under them. In turn, the needs of the lower level staff were re-assessed by random

interview. The objectives of the workshop were

Share experiences and information on disasters

Identify various natural and man made disasters in the state

Use various participatory tools and techniques for identification of training needs

of various functionaries for disaster management

Analyze the TNA Templates of NIDM

Identify training needs and capacity enhancement requirements for disaster

management with specific reference Karnataka

Officers of other line departments attending other training programmes in the campus

in ATI, SIUD and SIRD were also interviewed about their perception and requirement of

training and non training need for effective management of disasters.

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In the Workshop, the participants worked in Groups department wise. As per the past

history of occurrence of disasters in Karnataka, four types of disasters were selected to

study the TNA. These are (1) Droughts, Floods, Coastal Erosion and Cyclones (2)

Earthquakes & Landslides (3) Epidemic & Communicable Diseases (4)

Chemical/Industrial Disasters. The CDM ATI Mysore requested all departments

concerned with disaster management to come prepared for the TNA Workshop. The

Officers came with the required information from the respective departments and Offices

where they were working.

The workshop was conducted in four parts. In the first part, specific presentations on

overview of Disasters, Status of Disasters in Karnataka and screening of a film on

Earthquake, Flood and Tsunami followed by feedback and question answer session. The

second part included tools and techniques and methodology for TNA followed by a

Group exercise using the tools to work out TNA in an office/department. The third part

included extensive group work on functionary wise, department wise TNA for managing

different natural and man made disasters using the CETNA formats, Cause and Effect

analysis, SWOT analysis and facilitated by the Course Coordinator. The fourth part

included presentations by each group followed by questions and answers.

The officers could draw extensively from their field experiences, the performance

problems they were facing during disaster situation and routine works. They could assess

the causes for inadequate performance of their lower level employees to perform to the

desired level as prescribed in the job description. The performance gap was identified

based on the discussions and analysis in each group. The Course Coordinator made it

clear to the Officers the difference between the meanings of the terms such as cause,

effect, problem/gap and the training or non-training need and between the Behavioral,

Environmental and Motivational factors in order that they identify the actual problems

and gaps in each department.

During the group works, each group prepared detailed formats containing the details

of competency chart, job description, performance problems, Competency(Knowledge,

Skills and Attitudinal requirements) including non training interventions for each level of

employee in the organization/department.

The CETNA formats were sent to other Departments not listed above and data was

compiled and analysed.

1.4.2 TNA Workshop at Gulbarga for northern Karnataka Region.

In the second workshop at Gulbarga, 26 Officers from the districts of Gulbarga,

Bijapur, Raichur, Bagalkote were participated. The officers and staff participated

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comprised of Joint Directors(Agri), Dy Directors, EEs, Police Inspectors,

Commandants(Home Guards), District Fire Service Officers, Asst.

Commissioners/Tahasildars, EE of KPTCL, Environmental Engineer Officers of the

Gulbarga City Corporation etc., were participated.

The disasters in north Karnataka region particularly flood and drought were given

emphasis. The performance problems of the officers for overall management of disasters

at different phases such as search and rescue, relief and rehabilitation, preparedness,

Prevention & mitigation were discussed. The training and non-training requirements were

identified based on the performance gaps and problems.

1.4.3 TNA Workshop at Mysore for Southern Karnataka Region.

In the third workshop, 33 Officers from the districts of Dakshina Kannada,

Mysore, Madikeri, Chamarajanagar and Mandya were participated. The Officers

participated comprised of District Health Officer, District Surveillance Officer, Police

Inspector, Superintendent Engineer/EE/AE, Sr.AD(Horti), Tahasildar, Asst.

Commissioner, JD(Agri), Dy. Environmental Officer, Dy. Director of Factories and

Boilers, Commandant of Home Guards, JD of Industries Dept., Senior Geologists etc.

The disasters in southern part, coastal belt, western ghat areas were discussed in

detail. The landslides in western ghats, coastal erosion and cyclones in coastal belt in four

coastal districts and other natural and manmade disasters in southern Karnataka region

were discussed. The participants in groups worked on the identification of performance

problems and training and non-training needs for effective management of disasters. The

tools were applied while assessing the training and non-training needs.

1.4.4 Survey

In addition to three workshops, The Faculty/Course Coordinator visited the

Offices to seek some more information from the field level staff. The CETNA

questionnaires, SWOT, Cause and Effect Analysis, Discussion methods, visit to disaster

affected sites specifically flood and drought areas were adopted to elicit reactions of

lower level staff and district level officers by visiting the offices of Municipal

Corporation, ZP/TP, DC office, PWD, Irrigation Dept., etc.

1.4.5 Secondary Source of Information

The reports of the NDMA, NIDM, KSDMA, Revenue Department, Government

of Karnataka are referred. In addition to these reports, the reports of the departments,

ULBs, PRIs, UDAs, KPTCL, ESCOMs etc. participated in the workshop and interviews

were reviewed to assess the training and non training needs.

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1.5 Performance Problems of Functionaries in the Departments

The Officers who were involved in the management of disaster events in different

parts such as flood, Cyclone, Coastal erosion, boat capsizing and oil spillage in the

coastal districts of Udupi DK, and Karwar, flood and drought affected districts of

Bagalkote, Gadag, Raichur, Belgaum and Gulbarga, urban floods in Bangalore city have

faced some common problems of management. A few common problems expressed by

the officers of different departments as a result of survey and discussions are listed

below;

Response was delayed due to poor readiness

Evacuation of affected was poorly done due to non-availability of sufficient

resources

Early warning was not given

Inadequate co-operation and co-ordination among the officers and staff of

different departments.

Standard procedures were not available for providing rescue, relief and

rehabilitation

Poor communication equipment

Non-availability of materials such sand bags, rescue boats, rescue ships,

medicines, and life saving equipment

Poor co-ordination with coast guard and other service organizations

Poor maintenance of data of the affected population

Unsafe constructions and encroachments of roads, natural drains, storm water

drains, natural tanks.

Development over the flood plains and natural water tanks

Chocking of storm water drains due to throwing of solid waste resulting in floods

Immediate run off during heavy downpour due to poor drainage and asphalting of

roads and improper spacing of inlets

Poor interpersonal relationships among various levels of officials

Poor social and community mobilization skills among the officers to manage

crisis situations.

Improper compensation and relief to the affected

Delayed relief and rehabilitation including inadequacy of facilities at the relief

shelters

Logistic arrangement was not effective

Delayed rehabilitation and compensation

Assessment of damages, loss of lives and property due to floods, droughts and

other disasters was not appropriate.

Violation of building codes and regulations meant for hazard resistant

constructions

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District disaster management plans are not in place and have not been updated

and drilled.

The mindset and culture of relief and compensation rather than prevention,

mitigation and preparedness

Not keeping the information on the status of hazards and disasters at the local

level

Community not involved in mitigation and preparedness

Elected representatives in PRIs and ULBs are not aware of the need for

mitigation of hazards by earmarking budgetary provision.

Loss and Damage assessment improperly done

Improper coordination among the departments doing similar works during

disasters

Disaster Management Action Plans not prepared at every level

Not able to complete the projects on time

Not able to prevent T & D losses

Breakdown of electrical equipments

Project formulation & feasibility reports not upto the satisfactory level

Non-metered connections leading to revenue loss

Occurrence of electrical accidents increasing

DPR not prepared well

Unable to prepare & implement projects leading to poor outcome

Poor O & M of equipment

Unable to formulate PPP projects in energy sector

Not able to use PM soft wares

Pricing &Cost recovering in adequate

1.6 Cause and Effect Analysis

The employees were generally confused between symptom, cause and effect and after

due clarification of the meaning of each of them, they could bring out and identify the

symptoms, causes and effects based on which they could list the performance problems in

terms of requirements of training and non-training. The performance problems are

analysed & identified based on the cause and effect analysis at task, job & organization

levels as expressed by the employees. The performance problems and the causes are then

translated into training needs. An example of cause & effect analysis is illustrated above.

The problems were arrived at only after conducting similar exercises every effect.

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Example of Cause and Effect Analysis Diagram

Cause effect analysis for all the departments was carried out. The cause and effect

analysis has brought out the training and non-training implications for each of the

Departments and for every level of employees. The Department-wise matrix of Training

and Non-training interventions needed for various levels of employees are identifies and

and described below. 17 Departments which were considered important for Disaster

Management are chosen for the TNA study. The Hazard, Risk, Vulnerability and

Capacity profile of Karnataka State covering all the four regions has been studied and the

relevant data on each district was presented to the officers and other functionaries of all

the 17 departments who have participated in the TNA workshop and interviews in order

to derive and identify the needs of training and non-training required at local, district and

sub-district / taluk levels department wise. This information has provided the officers

with background of disaster risk the state is facing.

Not knowing scientific SoPs for Relief , Compensation

Assessment of Loss & Damage delayed

and discriminatory at times

Community involvement poor

Minimum emergency facilities not available at the District EOC/Local level

Data of Public and Private Resources not

maintained and updated on continuous

basis at district and Taluka Level

Inadequate Coordination among

the departments similar functions

Communication and Reporting not up

to the mark about the disasters

DMAP not prepared and updated at dist, taluka,

orgn., schools, offices, Hospital etc.

Early warning about flood or drought or

cyclone not quick

Inadequate preparedness leading to

delay in planning and Implementation

Lack of equipment and communication

Technology including IT such as automation

of plans. Hazard and resources yet to be

digitized online

Not willing to work in disaster situations

Lack of Management Skills in Incident

Response

Delayed Compensation, SAR, Relief and

Rehabilitation

In adequate pre and post disaster/hazard data

Lack of Knowledge and Skills in IRS

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2.0 Hazard, Risk, Vulnerability and Capacity Profile of Karnataka

2.1 Disaster Events in Karnataka

The following table gives the inventory of occurrence of various natural and man induced

disasters in Karnataka. The major events happened to be drought, floods, diseases for

animals and human beings among others.

2.1.1 Major Disaster Events in Karnataka

SL

No Year Major Disaster Events

1

2005

&

2006

Floods in North Karnataka Region in Krishna and Bhima Basins(12

Lakh people affected, 20,000 houses damaged, 1.6 lakhs hectares of

crops damaged, Drought affected taluks, Land slide in western ghats,

Boat Capsizing in the sea near Udupi & Panambur ports, Oil spillage in

Karwar, Cyclone impact, Terrorist attack on IISc, Bangalore ,

Chikangunya

Bangalore Urban Flood-7491 houses collapsed, 3persons died 10,000

houses inundated, 253 dams over flowing, Drought affected taluks

2 2007

Floods in Kodagu, Bijapur, Bagalkote, Raichur, Karwar-Total loss Rs.

380 crores, No. of people in the relief camps 4041, Losses 1510 crores,

Industrials Disasters, Chikangunya

3 2008 Floods & Drought, Nine bomb exploded in B’lore city, Chikangunya

4 2009

Flood in Bellary, Bangalore flood, Belagum Flood, Drought, Land slide

in western ghats, Cyclone impact, H1N1 epidemic with 1791 confirmed

cases etc.

5 2010

Mangalore Air Crash, Carton Tower Fire, Bangalore, Flood in Bellary,

Bellary Building Collapse, Drought, Land slide in western ghats,

Cyclone impact,

6 2011 Floods & Drought

7 2012 157 taluks are declared as drought affected, Fire accidents, etc.

8 2013-

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The 126 Taluks are declared as drought affected, Fire accident of Cold

storage of Food Grains in Bellary, Train Accident near Bidar, Buidling

Collapses in Bangalur, Three Volvo Bus accidents, Foot and Mouth

Disease for cattle, Wild animal attacks in Mysore and Chamarajanagr,

2.1.2 Learning from the Past Experiences

Although drought and floods occupy major share, the recent foot and mouth disease for

cattle in Karnataka posed a challenge to the Government and farmers. The increasing

frequency of building collapses and fire accidents point out the apathy of the Urban Local

Bodies in regulating building bye-laws. The experiences drawn from the above disasters

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revealed the fact that the preparedness level at the district and local levels to respond to

the disaster events is not adequate. The repeated occurrence of floods, drought and other

disasters in North Karnataka could not be prevented despite the previous experiences.

The issues of relief and rehabilitation in the flood affected areas have remained

unresolved and unsatisfactory as expressed by the affected people. The tragedy and the

lessons learnt from the drought and floods changed the mindset of the government and

the focus of disaster management shifted from Rescue, Relief and Restoration to

Planning, Preparedness and Prevention.

In essence, the decades activities sought to shift the emphasis from post-disaster relief to

pre-disaster risk reduction. The main tasks identified for risk reduction are:

Avoiding habitation in hazardous areas;

Developing structures resistant to the onslaught of hazards;

Developing the ability to rapidly evacuate hazardous areas and shift residents to

hazard- resistant structures

Reducing or eliminating natural hazards through technological intervention (e.g.,

dams, plantations, etc); and

Establishing, through preparedness, the means to quickly recover from disasters

with minimal additional suffering and loss of life.

2.1.3 Government of Karnataka Initiatives

2.1.4 Karnataka State Disaster Management Plan

The CDM in consultation with NDMA, SDMA and other stakeholders has prepared the

State Disaster Management Plan in 2009 and again this year 2013. It serves as an

effective guide to help the state administration better prepared for disasters to safeguard

the lives, livelihoods and property. It covers all phases of management of any disaster

event in the state covering HRVC, Structure, Strategy for planning, prevention mitigation

preparedness, response and communication, training and capacity building, CBDM,

DRR, GOs & Notifications, SoPs for Departments and functionaries etc.

2.1.5 District Disaster Management Plans (DDMP)

The Revenue Department (DM), GoK had entrusted the CDM, ATI, Mysore to formulate

and update the DDMPs of all 30 districts in the State. The CDM in collaboration with

district administrations could formulate and update the DDMPs of all the districts. The

reformulation and updation would be taken up every year for all district DM plans.

2.1.6 Automation of DDMPs – TAMED

The CDM, ATI, Mysore has completed the automation of Raichur DDMP and has

initiated the process of automation of DDMPs of other districts. Ten DDMPs will

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automated during 2013-14 and the remaining will be taken up in the subsequent years.

GIS, RS, GPS technology has been adopted for automation of DDMPs.

2.1.7 State Emergency Operation Centre (SEOC)

The SEOC has been set up in MS-Building (Govt. Secretariat) Bangalore to monitor

efficient Disaster Management in the State. The SEOC has been networked with all 30

districts.

2.1.8 District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC)

All 30 district administrations under the supervision of respective DCs have setup DEOC

with wireless communication and emergency facilities.

2.1.9 Crisis Management Plan

The Revenue Department (DM), GoK has prepared Crisis Management Plan providing

indicative guidelines for operating during and after a disaster event. The crisis

management plan provides information on institutional arrangements for crisis response

explaining the functions of KSDMA, SEC and DDMA including NDRF, SDRF, CDM,

local authorities, EoC, contingency action, for early warning, SAR, Relief Camps and

Restoration activities viz., damage, assessment, essential services, mass casualty

management, disposing carcasses and dead, food, sanitation and other services including

monitoring.

2.1.10 State Disaster Management Policy

The policy envisages the participation of all stakeholders to manage disasters at all stages

viz., prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and rehabilitation. The policy stresses

on strategy for DRR, institutional framework, community participation, effective

communication and updation of DM Plans at all levels.

2.1.11 Department of Disaster Management, GoK

The GoK has set up a separate Department of Revenue (Disaster Management) headed by

the Secretary (DM).

Secretary , Revenue Department (DM)

Room No. 546-547, 5th Floor, 2nd Stage

M.S. Building, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Veedhi,

Bangalore- 560 001

Ph No.: 080- 2235 3980, 2232 0582

Fax: 080- 22354321 e-mail: secyrelif-rev@karnatka.gov.in

State Emergency Operating Centre

Toll Free No. 1070

Website : ksdma.co.in

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2.1.12 State Disaster Response Force

Constitution of Karnataka State Disaster Response Force (KSDRF) has been approved by

the cabinet and is under the process of establishment in Mangalore, Bangalore, Belgaum

etc.

2.1.13 Karnataka State Disaster Management Authority & DDMA

The State Government has implemented the provisions of the Disaster Management Act

2005 and accordingly formed the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) and

District Disaster Management Authorities in each of the 30 districts. The purpose is to

strengthen the organizational structure and command system at every level of

administration for better disaster management.

The State Government needs to incorporate the component of disaster management into

the development plan of the state. Disasters should not be dealt with in isolation. Disaster

preparedness and the promotion of disaster resilience have come to be recognized as

essential components of all development strategies. It was also realized that the issue of

reduction of the socio-economic vulnerability of the people has to be integrated into all

disaster management activities. By adopting this strategy, the government envisages to

reduce economic and financial losses resulting from disasters, while ensuring that they do

not reverse, retard or neutralize development efforts. Planning and co-ordination need

extra attention. Three major functional areas recognized as necessary components of a

comprehensive approach: prevention, response and recovery. Within these areas, the key

responsibilities of agencies include:

Planning: The analysis of requirements and the development of strategies for resource

utilization.

Preparedness: The establishment of structures, development of systems and testing and

evaluation by organizations of their capacity to perform and their allotted roles.

Co-ordination: the bringing together of organizations and resources to ensure effective

disaster management.

The main vision of this document is to initiate coordinated efforts to have an effective

disaster management strategy for the State, which will minimise the impact of future

disasters. The other main focus area of this document is to have an extremely quick,

efficient and coordinated response and recovery plans in place from the Panchayat to the

State level (village being the unit of planning) with a mechanism that will ensure

increasing community participation in all disaster preparedness activities.

18

2.2 Lessons learnt from the Past Disasters

Due to lack of effective response mechanism, loss & damage have

increased

In adequate prevention and mitigation have lead to increased vulnerability

Lack of procedures, skills, positive attitudes and training

Poor coordination among the departments and functionaries

In adequate planning for Disaster Management district & local levels

In adequate equipment, tools, communication facilities etc.

2.2.1 Planning Strategy

The State Government is taking the following initiatives to have a comprehensive disaster

management strategy in place:

Capacity building and Training of key government officials, NGO personnel and

other stakeholders on various aspects of disaster management;

Various awareness generation programmes and workshops, preparation of IEC

materials on various aspects of disasters;

Standard Operating Procedures for Line Departments and Officers

Formulation of Plans at the district and taluk levels and Community Based

Disaster Preparedness (CBDP) Plans;

Improvement of early warning system with the installation of Satellite Phones,

Ham radio, wireless communication systems, VHFs, OFC for telephones at State

& District Headquarters and other strategic points;

Building adequate number of shelters in flood prone areas

Repairs to old bridges, heritage buildings, irrigation channels, embankments etc.

Regular coordination meetings at the State and district levels

Formulation of a Disaster Management Framework

This state plan has been developed on the basis of the following:

Assimilating the lessons learnt from past disasters in the State, particularly, series

of droughts and floods;

Reviewing the practices adopted in other countries trying to understand the

various systems of preparedness, responses and recovery that have been

implemented in various places;

Analyzing and prioritizing the common elements of the response and recovery

processes in order to have a well-thought and planned response and recovery

mechanism for the State. The plan proposed is both flexible and adaptable to take

into account past experiences, best practices and make it suitable to the socio-

economic and cultural variables of the vulnerable people keeping in mind that

they are the prime stakeholders.

Incorporating disaster management, mainly the element of risk reduction, as the

19

central component of all developmental plans and investment.

There could not be a single department/organization solely and totally responsible for

dealing with all aspects of various types of disasters. The management task is to bring

together in an integrated organizational network the resources of the many agencies and

individuals who can take appropriate and timely action.

2.2.2 Multi-Hazard Disaster Management Plan

This Plan is the first attempt to bring out a common plan for the State for five categories

of possible disasters identified by the HPC and the expert committee in the state to which

the State is vulnerable to. The Plan has a multi-hazard approach and incorporates various

actions which will promote a Culture of Preparedness. Extensive consultations, referring

to various Disaster Management Plans. The following concepts are incorporated in the

plan.

2.2.3 Trigger Mechanism is an emergency quick response mechanism, which would

spontaneously set in motion all disaster management activities for response and recovery

without loss of critical time. This would entail all the participating managers to know in

advance the task assigned to them and the manner of response. The Trigger Mechanism

has been envisaged as a preparedness plan whereby the receipt of a signal of an impeding

disaster or on the occurrence of sudden disaster would simultaneously energize and

activate all response and mitigation mechanism without loss of crucial time. This would

necessitate the participating managers to know in advance the tasks assigned to them and

the manner of response. Identification of available resources, manpower, material,

equipment and adequate delegation of financial and administrative powers are perquisites

to the successful operation of Trigger Mechanism.

The Trigger Mechanism is, in essence, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), which lays

down in a scientific and comprehensive manner the implementation plans on receipt of a

warning of impending disaster or plans to respond quickly to disasters that give no

warning. Activities such as evacuation, search and rescue, temporary shelter, food,

drinking water, clothing, health and sanitation, communication, accessibility and public

information are important components of disaster management, which would follow on

the activation of Trigger mechanism. These activities are common to all types of disasters

and will require the preparation of sub-action plans by each specified authority.

2.3 Levels of Disasters

2.3.1 Meaning of Disaster

The Disaster Management Act, 2005 defines disaster as “a catastrophe, mishap, calamity

or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man made causes, or by accident

or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to,

20

and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such

a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the

affected area

L concept has been developed to define different levels of disasters in order to facilitate

the responses and assistances to States and Districts.

L0 level denotes normal times which will be utilized for close monitoring,

documentation, prevention and preparatory activities. Training on search and rescue,

rehearsals, evaluation and inventory updation for response activities will be carried out

during this time.

L1 level specifies disaster that can be managed at the District level, however, the State

and Centre will remain in readiness to provide assistance if needed.

L2 level disaster situations are those, which require assistance and active participation of

the State, mobilization of its resources for management of disasters.

L3 level disaster situation is in case of large scale disaster where the State and District

authorities have been overwhelmed and require assistance from the Central Government

for reinstating the State and District machinery as well as for rescue, relief, other

response and recovery measures. In most cases, the scale and intensity of the disaster as

determined by the concerned technical agency like IMD are sufficient for the declaration

of L3 disaster.

The objectives of the Disaster Management Plan are to ensure that the following

components of disaster management are organized to facilitate planning, preparedness,

operational coordination and community participation. Karnataka disaster management

arrangements are designed to deal with all types of hazards,

involve all stakeholders, be comprehensive (cover prevention, response and recovery).

2.3.2 Classification of Disasters

The High Power Committee on Disaster Management, constituted in 1999, has identified

various disasters categorized into five major sub-groups which are;

Box 1.1: tof various Disasters

I Water and climate related disasters

a) Floods and drainage management

b) Cyclones

c) Tornadoes and hurricanes

21

d) Hailstorm

e) Cloud burst

f ) Heat wave and cold wave

g) Snow avalanches

h) Droughts

i) Sea erosion

j) Thunder and lightening

k) Tsunami

II Geological Related Disasters

a) Landslides and mudflows

b) Earthquakes

c) Dam failures/ Dam bursts

d) Minor fires

III Chemical, industrial and nuclear related disasters

a) Chemical and industrial disasters

b) Nuclear disasters

IV Accident Related disasters

a) Forest fires

b) Urban fires

c) Mine flooding

d) Oil spills

e) Major building collapse

f ) Serial bomb blasts

g) Festival related disasters

h) Electrical disasters and fires

i) Air, road and rail accidents

j) Boat capsizing

k) Village fire

V Biological Related Disasters

a) Biological disasters and epidemics

b) Pest attacks

c) Cattle epidemics

d) Food poisoning

e) Agriculture related diseases etc.

22

2.3.3 Approaches and Policy Statement towards Management of

Disasters

The approach adopted in the preparation of the Sate Disaster Management Plan is

holistic and will address the multi-hazards the State is vulnerable to. It takes into account

past lessons and experiences and is built on what exists at different levels, streamlining

bottlenecks in systems and operational management procedures. The State Plan also

adopted the generic categorization of disasters as suggested by the HPC with specific

plans to handle different disasters by various departments at the State level.

2.3.4 Role of the State Government

Before undertaking mitigation measures, it is required to have a proper

understanding of the risks and vulnerability of the community and likely extent of

population and areas of concern based on past history of disasters. This basically means

carrying out a risk assessment and vulnerability analysis. This study needs to be carried

out in each district, resulting in identification of areas vulnerable to different disasters

which can be indicated on the vulnerability maps. Risk and Vulnerability analysis could

be done at the local levels by involving the local community since they know the

situation better. A comprehensive vulnerability analysis should be undertaken in all

hazard prone areas, taking into account past disaster events, the socio-economic

conditions of the population living in the area, the infrastructure and other structural

facilities for drought, cyclones, floods, storm surges, geological hazards etc.

Map Showing Vulnerable Areas to different disasters such as heavy rainfall, floods,

landslides, drought, fire, industrial accidents, chemical accidents/mishaps, road accidents

etc. need to be prepared and updated from time to time. Following information is required

The roles of the State Government as envisaged in the Plan are

Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Knowledge Networking and transfer, spread and adoption of improved and

appropriate technology for disaster prevention, response and recovery

Review, modification and adoption of appropriate laws, rules, codes and other measures to increase disaster management at all levels

Incorporating disaster management aspects in normal developmental activities Financial Matters Building of Inventories Initiating Community Awareness Programme Training of department officials from the State Headquarters and districts,

members from the community and other stakeholders through a participatory

approach

Generating awareness through media and other IEC strategies and workshops for students, teachers and other stakeholders.

Documentation

23

(a) areas of influence (b) frequency (c) intensity (d) impact and (e) time to return to

normalcy.

Hazard mapping can then be undertaken to delineate causative source areas and areas

exposed to hazards, as well as the potential risk levels for different hazards. There is also a

great need for the production of geologic "thematic maps". Hazard maps can therefore be

deterministic or probabilistic.

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can also play a crucial role in the gathering and

analysis of information needed for disaster management. The GIS can give higher quality

results than can be obtained manually, regardless of the costs involved. It can facilitate

decision making and improve coordination among agencies when efficiency is at a

premium.

Valuable information on individual hazards in a study area may appear on maps with

varying scales, coverage, and detail, but these disparate maps are difficult to use in risk

analyses or in deciding on suitable mitigation strategies. Information from several of

them can be combined in a single map to give a composite picture of the magnitude,

frequency and area of effect of all the hazards. The GIS can be used for hazards

management at different levels of development planning. At the State level, it can be used

in hazard assessments for resource analysis and project identification. At the district and

local level, it can be used to formulate investment projects and specific mitigation

strategies.

The assessments of risks and vulnerabilities will have to be constantly revised and

therefore a regular mechanism should be established for this. The use of GIS in this

regard would be highly beneficial, as the primary data can be easily updated and

corresponding assessments can be made. A special effort will have to be undertaken to

provide for hazard assessment in highly urbanised locations and look at the existing

infrastructure and systems in terms of their capacity to sustain the increasing demands

and their vulnerability to various disasters.

2.3.5 Types of Disasters in Karnataka

The state has so far reported the following disasters.

Drought

Flood

Cloudburst

Hailstorm

Lightning

Coastal Erosion

Storm Surge

24

Cyclone

Geological Hazards

Earthquake

Landslide

Tsunami

Hydrological Hazards

Groundwater depletion and Aquifer Salinity

Biological Hazards

Plant : Pest and Insect attack

Human: Plague ( Kolar under highest risk)

SARS, Bird Flu

Under the man made disasters, Karnataka is more prone to following disasters;

• Fire hazards

• Road, Rail, Air and Waterway accidents

• Communal riots

• Building collapses

• Industrial accidents

• Explosions-Tanker bursts

• Terrorist attacks

2.4 Vulnerability to Different Hazards

2.4.1 Cyclones, Winds and Coastal Erosion

Karnataka state has been confronting various natural hazards. The coastal districts

namely Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Uttara Kannada with a coastal line of 322 kms and

coastal population of 43.64 Lakhs are under the direct threat of cyclones and severe

cyclones originating in Arabian Sea and indirect attack of cyclones originating along the

Eastern coastline. The high density of population along the coastline of Karnataka has

made the population highly vulnerable to the storm surge and high speed wind

accompanied with cyclone. Any severe cyclone along the eastern coastline causes heavy

rainfall in the interior Karnataka region resulting in damages to crops, buildings,

infrastructure services such as roads and often the impact would be severe disruption in

the socio-economic life in these regions. It is important to note that infrastructure such as

rail and road networks which are adjacent to the sea coast are constantly threatened by

the erosion caused by giant sea waves particularly during storm surges and cyclones The

state is incurring huge expenditure almost every year on prevention of coastal erosion for

the 350 Kms of coastal line. The State has been placed under Category (II) A - Low

Vulnerability along with other states of Maharashtra, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

25

Out of total geographical area of 190.238 Lakh ha, about 44.92 lakh ha area covering 15

districts and 50 taluks is affected by winds and cyclones which is falling under moderate

risk zone (Vs=39m/s) and remaining area falls under low damage risk zone (33m/s).

Apart from coastal erosion, the coastal areas are facing disasters such as boat capsizing

due to extreme weather conditions in the sea. The recent boats capsize on 29th

May, 2006

at Malpe Port at Udupi and Oil spillages at Karwar Port are a few examples. The incident

of Boat capsizing on 29th

May, 2006 has lead to a loss of property of Rs. 1.34 Crores and

death of 6 fishermen. The Oil spillage incident near Karwar Port is a different experience

in Karnataka as it happened for the first time on 30th

May, 2006.

2.4.2 Floods

The floods are quite common in Belgaum, Bijapur, Bagalkote, Raichur, Gulbarga,

Shimaoga, Chikkamagalur, Udupi, Coorg, Bellary, Dakshina Kannada, Dharwad,

Davanagere, Gadag, Hassan, Uttara Kannada, Koppal, Bidar, Bangalore (R),

Bangalore(U), Kolar, Mandya, Mysore, Chamarajanagar. In the North Karnataka region

covering the Krishna and Godavari Basins, even when the state was suffering under

drought like conditions, heavy discharges from Maharashtra caused floods. The floods in

the Districts of Gulbarga, Belgaum, Bijapur, Bidar, Bagalkot, Raichur etc., as a result of

26

outflow of excess water from the Krishna and Bhima Basins from Maharashtra have

affected 12 lakh people leaving behind 20,000 damaged houses, 1.6 Lakhs hectares of

damaged crops in 2006 and 2005. Cities are facing floods causing severe damages to

infrastructure services and loss of life.

Total Damages occurred during heavy rains in 2007

Number Rs. Lakhs

Damages to Infrastructure 27915.49

Damages to Houses 37118 1455.98

Cattle Lost 2381 90.78

Crop Loss (Hectars) 25561 8478.68

Total 37940.92

Number of Relief Camps opened during 2007

Sl No District

No of Relief

camps opened

No of People in the

relief camps Closed date

1 Bijapur 7 1971 30-6-2007

2 Bagalkote 2 800 3-7-2007

3 Raichur 1 300 25-6-2007

4 Karwar 1 429 30-6-2007

5 Kodugu 9 541 Till to day

Total 20 4041

SL.No. Damages Quantity Amount (in Lakhs)

1 Damages to Infrastructure 68069.00

2 Damages to Houses 84450 Nos. 11094.20

3 Cattle Lost 4750 Nos. 367.00

4 Horticulture crop loss 20900.7 ha. 6428.27

5 Agriculture crop loss 177733 ha. 43599.00

6 Other Relief Items 21527.88

Total 151085.35

27

2.4.3 Rainfall

During the period from 1st June to 21st October 2012 , the state as a whole recorded an

actual amount of 685 mm of rainfall as against the normal rainfall of 938 mm with

departure from normal and classified under deficit being (-) 27 %.

2.4.4 Status of Minor Irrigation Tanks

Out of total 3524 minor irrigation tanks in the state, only 9% of the tanks had storages

capacity of more than 50% of their respective capacity, 31% of the tanks with storages

capacity of 30% to 50% of their respective capacity and remaining 61% of the tanks are

dry.

28

2.4.5 Earthquakes

As per the Revised Earthquake Hazard Mapping, 22.13% of the total geographical area is

under Moderate earthquake damage risk zone & remaining area of the state is under low

damage risk zone. The state of Karnataka has reported more than 500 earthquake tremors

in the last three decades with most of them having low magnitude. It is found that the

weak zones around the northern Karnataka bordering Maharashtra could cause heavy

damages in future. The areas of southern part of Karnataka are also not free from frequent

tremors. The Karnataka state is categorized as moderate to low seismic risk zone. The

following Districts are falling in Zone III (Moderate Damage Risk Zone (MSK VII);

Bidar, Gulbarga, Bijapur, Bagalkot, Belgaum, Dharwad, Uttar kannada, Shimoga, Udupi,

Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu. All other Districts are falling under Zone II( Low Damage

Risk zone MSK VI). The chart shows the occurrence of earthquake activities in

Karnataka.

29

Earthquake Vulnerability Map of Karnataka Earthquake Hazard Map of Karnataka

2.4.6 Landslide

Hilly regions of Western Ghats spread in the districts of Kodagu, Chikmagalur, Hassan,

Shimoga, D. Kannada and U. Kannada record a very high normal rainfall of 2000mm to

4000mm. Landslides are common in these districts. During the rainy periods these hilly

regions regularly experience displacement of rocks and soils causing widespread damage

to property, infrastructure such as rails, roads and loss of human life.

Occurrence of Seismic Activities (1974-1994)

7

39

95

69

153 8 6

34

7563

5 6 7 2 1 10

2040

6080

100

Bang

alor

e(U)

Bang

alor

e Ru

ral

Kola

r

Tum

kur

Chitr

adur

ga

Dava

naga

re

Cham

araj

anag

ar

Mys

ore

Man

dya

Bella

ry

Hass

an

Raich

ur

Bida

r

Shim

oga

Gul

barg

a

Baga

lkot

e

Dhar

wad

District

No

of

occu

ren

ces

30

Source: Geological Survey of India

2.4.7 Landslide Profile of Western Ghat in Karnataka

Landslides recorded along NH-206 and SH-50 between Jog fall and Honavar: 37 Land

slides

37 land slides are recorded in this ghat section in between nearly 60 km stretch.

The majority of the slides were found to be debris slides

The slides are shallow with less than 2m depth.

The general slope angle varies from25° to 35°

The slopes are moderately vegetated.

The overburden thickness varies from 1-5m and consists of soil and weathered

rock.

LANDSLIDES ALONG SH-95 (ANSI GHAT), KARNATAKA

N

76 º 20 ' 76 º 25'

14º 55'

15 º 00 ' 0 1Km

SCALE

31

The cut slope angle is 70° to 80° with height varying from 2-15m.

The cut slopes have failed due to heavy rain in the Ghat section during monsoon.

Geologically the area comprises of weathered granite, gneisses and laterite.

One rock slide with planner failure is observed in this section.

Landslides recorded along Shiradi Ghat, NH-48- 20 land slides

The majority of the slides were found to be debris slides

The slides are shallow with less than 2m depth.

The general slope angle varies from25° to 35°

The slopes are moderately vegetated.

The overburden thickness varies from 1-5m and consists of soil and weathered

rock.

The cut slope angle is 70° to 80° with height varying from 2-15m.

The cut slopes have failed due to heavy rain in the Ghat section during monsoon.

Geologically the area comprises of weathered gneisses and granulites.

One rock slide with wedge failure is observed in this section

Landslides along SH 88-Madikere Mangalore Road-24 Slides

The majority of the slides were found to be debris slides

The slides are shallow with less than 2m depth.

The general slope angle varies from25° to 30°

The slopes are thickly vegetated.

The overburden thickness varies from 1-5m and consists of soil and weathered

rock.

The cut slope angle is vertical with height varying from 2-15m.

The cut slopes have failed due to heavy rain in the Ghat section during monsoon.

Geologically the area comprises of weathered granite.

Few rock slides with planner and wedge failures are observed in this section.

Landslides along SH 89-Madikere- Siddapura Road-5 Slides

All are debris slides

Triggered by heavy rainfall. The vertical cut slopes have failed due to toe cutting.

Landslides along SH 95-Karwar-Kumbarwada Road (Ansi Ghat)-14 Slides

All are debris slides

Triggered by heavy rainfall. The vertical cut slopes have failed due to toe Cutting.

32

2.4.8 Drought

Lately, the GoK has declared 157of the 177 taluks as affected by the drought and the

state has been left to fix a tremendously large fiscal hole. The Map showing 157 taluks is

given below. Shimoga, Chitradurga, Davangere, Chikmangalur, Bangalore, Mysore,

Anekal and Hoskote are in the throes of one of the worst droughts that have hit the state

for the last 42 years. Emergency welfare measures such as Rs.3,500 farm loan waiver

have been announced to help farmers with small land-holdings. The assessment of the

situation for the Metrological and Agricultural Drought are to be done by considering

prevailing situation as on mid of July and reviewed with the progress of the season. In

case the Hydrological and Agricultural situation improves by the end of the season, the

areas declared as drought affected are to be denotified. The Hydrological Drought is

assesed at the end of the November month.

Drought is meteorologically related disaster. Karnataka stands Second only to Rajasthan

in terms of Drought Affected areas. The state is highly vulnerable to drought as compared

to its neighboring states. About 152.1 Lakhs ha (80%) out of 190.238 Lakh ha is affected

by drought in Karnataka. Groundwater levels are depleting due to successive droughts

and quality of water is getting deteriorated in terms of Fluoride, Nitrate and Salinity.

Although, drought may not pose great danger immediately within a few minutes as could

happen in case of a severe earthquake, it has huge impact on the occurrence of loss of

livelihoods, exodus, poverty, unrest, terrorism, robbery etc. Drought is a situation when

the actual seasonal rainfall is deficient by more than twice the mean deviation. In the

33

taluks facing hydrological drought, only works related to ground water recharge activities

are to be taken up such as nalla bunding, gully plugging, desilting of ponds/minor

irrigation tanks/medium and major reservoirs, construction of percolation ponds, sub-

surface dykes, recharge pits, inversion wells, percolation trenches etc.

2.4.9 Indicator Assessment Criteria for Drought

Rainfall deficiency < 75% rainfall, measure of Vegetation index and Soil moisture index

Area under Sowing Crops < 50% of Total cultivable area by the end of the sowing season

Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NVDI data from NADAMS)

Drought declaration only when the deviation of NDVI value from the normal is 0.4 or

less

Moisture. Adequacy Index (MAI) MAI values conforming to moderate drought as coded

in the Agricultural Drought Code.

Causes

Deficit of rainfall

Depletion of ground water

Inadequate supply of water through surface water bodies like rivers, streams,

canals, tanks etc.

Insufficient moisture in the sub surface layer of the soil and

Increase of demand for water as compared to availability

2.4.10 Loss and Damage Assessment and Relief Demand from GoI for

Managing Drought – 2012

The rainfall deficit is the highest since 1971, both for the periods - September 2011 to

end of July 2012 and 1st June 2012 to 31st July 2012. The Government of Karnataka has

estimated the loss and damage to different sectors due to drought in Karnataka state for

2012 and the details of funds being sought from the Central Government are summarized

below;

Agriculture: During Kharif 2011, Rabi 2011 and current Kharif 2012, a total area of

54.98 lakh ha has remained unsown, crops sown in 50.88 lakh has been

affected by ≥ 50%.

Short term measures:

An amount of Rs. 1106 Crores, as per CRF guidelines, towards

providing relief to famers facing crop loss of > 50%.

An amount of Rs. 241 Crores for contingency crop planning,

additional funds for ISOPOM, INSIMP, NFSM - in relaxation of

NDRF guidelines.

34

Long term measures:

Rs. 596 Crores to strengthen macro management, micro irrigation

etc.

Horticulture: It is required to provide relief to farmers who have lost their horticulture

crops due to the sever long spell drought.

Short term measures:

Rs. 321 Crores towards providing relief to horticulture crop loss as

per NDRF guideline, providing assistance to alternative crops,

providing life saving watering through tankers.

Long term measures:

Rs. 866 Crores towards enhancing NIH & NIS funds

RDPR:

Short term measures:

Rs. 458 Crores towards revival of PWS, MWS; retrieval/hydro

fracturing of borewells, drilling of new borewells, energization of new

RWS schemes and requirements of immediate measures.

Long term measures:

Rs. 1525 Crores towards implementation of approved MVS schemes.

Animal Husbandry:

Short term measures:

Rs. 466 Crores towards opening 200 goshalas, fodder procurement,

fodder cultivation, supply of fodder seeds mini kit, cattle health care.

Long term measures:

Rs. 829 Crores for strengthening of dairy infrastructure.

Power Sector: The irrigation I.P sets in state depends on electric power. The diesel

subsidy is not of any relief to the farmers in the State. The severe drought has resulted in

heavy dependency on power operated by electricity. Assistance is sought for power

subsidy in-lieu of diesel subsidy to the farmers in drought affected areas.

Short term measures:

Rs. 2381 Crores for purchase of power to the I.P sets, energisation of

DWS installations, replacement of DTCs

35

TOTAL ASSISTANCE SOUGHT:

o Short term measures: Rs. 7672 crores

o Long term measures: Rs. 3817 crores

Ground Water Status in Karnataka

0102030405060

Bang

alor

e (U

rban

)

Bang

alor

e (R

ural)

Kola

r

Tum

kur

Chitra

durg

a

Dav

anag

ere

Cha

mar

ajan

agar

Mys

ore

Man

dya

Bella

ry

Kopp

al

Raich

ur

Gulba

rga

Bida

r

District

Dep

th o

f W

ate

r T

ab

le in

Metr

es

1997

2000

2003

2004

Ground Water Status in Karnataka

05

10152025303540

Bel

gaum

Bag

alko

te

Bija

pur

Gad

ag

Hav

eri

Dha

rwad

Shi

mog

a

Has

san

Chikk

amag

alur

Kod

agu

Dak

shin

a Kan

nada

Udu

pi

Utta

ra K

anna

da

District

Dep

th o

f W

ate

r T

ab

le in

Metr

es

1997

2000

2003

2004

2.4.11 Cyclone

Population in the Coastal Districts of Karnataka Vulnerable to Cyclone Risk

The table illustrates the no. of Taluks, GPs and population. The vulnerability of

population living below the poverty line in coastal districts of Karnataka is very high.

36

District No. of

Taluks

No. of Grama

Panchayats

Total

Population

BPL

Population

% of BPL

Population

DK 2 91 1243211 316800 25.48

Udupi 2 99 904923 315820 34.90

Uttara Kannada 5 97 704764 460665 65.36

2.4.12 Population in the Malnad Zone Districts of Karnataka Vulnerable to

Cyclone Risk

The chart and table below indicate the details of cyclone vulnerable areas in Malnad

region comprising the districts of DK, Udupi, Uttara Kannada, Kodagu, Shimoga,

Chikamagalur and Belgaum.

District No of

Taluks

No. of

Grama

Panchayats

Total

Population

BPL

Population

% of BPL

Population

DK 3 108 653192 271490 41.56

Udupi 1 40 204571 64540 31.55

Uttara

Kannada 5 99 504541 311584 61.75

Kodagu 2 58 339341 212230 62.54

Shimoga 4 141 642467 373435 58.13

Chikamagalur 3 59 265850 177040 66.59

Belgaum 1 51 243154 160000 65.80

2.4.13 Population in the Districts of Interior Karnataka Vulnerable to

Cyclone Risk The following chart and table provides the details of Districts, Talukas, GPs and the

cyclone vulnerable population in the interior Karnataka

Cyclone Vulnerable Areas in Interior Karnataka

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

Bijap

urBi

dar

Gulb

arga

Raich

ur

Bella

ry

Cham

araja

naga

r

District

Popu

latio

n

Total Population

BPL Population

37

District No of

Taluks

No. of

Grama

Panchayats

Total

Population

BPL

Population

% of BPL

Population

Bijapur 2 84 683114 414105 60.62

Bidar 5 177 1501374 930035 61.94

Gulbarga 9 295 2788169 1736295 62.27

Raichur 4 131 1327333 622405 46.89

Bellary 2 66 860608 498605 57.94

Chamarajanagar 1 38 336520 233055 69.25

2.5.0 Vulnerability of the State to Chemical Disasters/Hazards All factories having manufacturing processes mentioned in the first schedule appended to the

factories act, 1948 are termed as hazardous process factories. There are about 735 hazardous

process factories in the state. All Factories having the chemicals stored, used and manufactured in

excess of the threshold quantities specified under the CIMAH Rules, 1994 are categorised as

Major Accident Hazard units (MAH). 59 MAH units are identified in the state, which are located

in 16 districts. For all these 16 districts as per the said rules, District Crisis Groups have been

constituted with the respective Deputy Commissioner of the district as the chairman and the

representative of the Department of Factories and Boilers as the member Secretary. These groups

also consists of district level officers from the departments viz., police, fire force, pollution

control board, agriculture, health, education, transport, PWD and experts in the field of health and

safety. The main function of the District Crisis Group is to oversee the safety systems in the

MAH units located in the districts including the preparedness procedure in tackling the possible

emergencies arising out of chemical accidents in addition to assisting the Deputy Commissioner

in preparing a comprehensive off site emergency plan for the district obtaining information

from the MAH units.

2.5.1 Names of the Districts having Major Accident Hazard units

(MAH).

1. Bangalore Urban, 2. Bangalore Rural, 3. Belgaum,4. Dakshina Kannada, 5. Bellary, 6

Haveri, 7. Dharwad, 8. Hassan, 9. Mysore, 10 Shimaga, 11. Uttara Kannada, 12. Kolar,

13. Tumkur, 14. Raichur, 15. Koppal, 16. Ramanagaram

2.5.2 Steps taken by the State Government

1. Before siting any factory, the clearance from the Department of Forest, Ecology,

and Environment is essential;

2. Relevant information in detail about the process, chemicals used, hazards

identified and also measures to overcome hazards shall be informed to the

authorities, workers and the general public;

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3. Safety and health policy shall be evolved prior to the commencement of the

activities;

4. On site emergency plan/disaster management plan shall be prepared and

submitted for approval.

5. Safety manual shall be prepared and issued to all the workmen;

6. Subject all the workmen for pre employment and periodical medical examination

and maintain relevant records;

7. Ensure that the toxic chemicals and substances used in the factory are within the

permissible threshold limits at the work environment committee comprising of

workers representatives and the management shall be constituted and the same

should function as per rules;

8. Provisions envisaged under the Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazard

(Karnataka) Rules, 1994 shall be complied with;

9. Mock rehearsals in respect of handling the emergencies shall be conducted

periodically;

10. Workers shall be trained and educated about the hazards, use of personal

protective equipment, safety and health awareness and emergency preparedness;

11. Assist the district crisis group in evolving off site emergency plan, if the unit is

coming under the MAH category;

12. Maintain occupational health Centre with all the facilities and required antidotes.

13. The factory should extend co-ordination and mutual aid to the neighbouring

factories in case of exigencies.

As envisaged under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the Factories Act, 1948,

every industry involved in hazardous process is required to draw up an on-site emergency

plan detailing how emergencies are tackled in respective industries. Such plans are

required to be drawn up and shall be submitted to the Chief Inspector of Factories, for

approval. Department has come out with a guidelines to the management in preparing

such plans which will certainly help them in drafting their on site emergency plans. A

committee headed by the Joint Chief Inspector of Factories incharge of Central Safety

Monitoring Cell assisted by Two Deputy Chief Inspector of Factories has been

constituted to review the on site emergency plans received from the management of

factories before approval by the Chief Inspector of Factories. So far the department has

approved about 650 such on site emergency plans.

Chemical Accident (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996

framed under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 envisaged constitution of Crisis

Groups at the Central, State and Local levels to deal with emergencies arising out of

major chemical accidents from Major Accident Hazard units in addition to provide

adequate information’s, guidelines etc., in averting possible chemical accidents and also

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to have mock rehearsals in tackling the emergencies so that incase of real emergencies

the same can be tackled effectively to meet the objectives.

In pursuant to the said rules, the Government of Karnataka has constituted a committee at

the State Level with the Chief Secretary to the Government as the chairperson and the

Principal Secretary to Government, Labour Department as the member secretary. The

other members of the committee includes, Secretary Home and Transport, Health,

Agriculture, Education, PWD, Public Health Engineering, Director Fire Force, Director

Information and Publicity, Director General of Police, Chairman Pollution Control

Boards and five experts in the field of Occupational Health and Safety. This crisis group

is required to perform the functions as envisaged under the said rules by meeting

periodically and review the functions of the District Crisis Groups and take stock of the

Chemical Accident occurred in the state for onward transmission of a comprehensive

report to the Central Crisis Group.

2.6.0 District Specific Hazards & Vulnerability

2.6.1 Bangalore Urban Flood

Bangalore city has been facing severe floods every year. As against the annual average

rainfall of 830.5 mm in Bangalore Urban district, 568.5 mm, which is 75% of the average

annual rainfall occurred in a period of two months in September and October, 2005. An

excess of 289.2 mm rainfall is reported in just 3 days, As per the assessment report of

Bangalore Urban District, 3 persons died, 7491 houses collapsed and 10,000 houses were

inundated. Apart from these effects, about 253 tanks were overflowing and basic

infrastructure such as water supply, roads, bridges, electricity, telephones etc., were cut

off in most parts.

Problems of Storm Water Drains and Floods in Bangalore City

Silting and choking of most of Primary and Secondary Storm water drains.

Unawareness of Community.

Non availability of drains at tank bed areas.

Inadequate cross drainages.

Inadequate drain width

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Bhima river belt was flooded twice in the past during 2005-06 and 2006-07, which was

due to release of excess water from Maharashtra State dams like Ujani and veerbhatkar

due to heavy rains, 47 villages in Indi and Sindgi have been a affected. Due to excess

release of water from koyna dam the water level of Alamatti dam increased. Excess

release of water from Alamatti dam caused floods in Muddebihal B. Bagewadi and

Bijapur. Heavey rainfall in the catchment areas of Don river on 22/6/2007 night, caused

heavy flood in Don river. The flood water entered many villages and damaged public and

private properties and also causalities of human life and live stocks. Due to filling up of

silt in the Don River course area water level raised causing heavy losses.

2.6.2 Vulnerability of Gulbarga District

Gulbarga has long history of drought and almost all taluks are experiencing drought.

Gulbarga has experienced the effects of an earthquake during the earthquake of Latur.

Areas such as Aland and Afzalpur taluks have reported damages. Severe shocks were

reported in almost all the taluks of Gulbarga. Recently two villages in Chincholi taluk

namely Hasargundagi and Gurrampalli have experienced minor earthquakes. Gulbarga

district has five principal rivers Krishna, Bheema, Amraja, Kagina, Bennethora,

Kamalawathi and Mulamari

Following were flood affected villages in Gulbarga District;

Chittapur -20 villages

Shorapur- 3 villages

Jewargi- 24 villages

Afzalpur-26 villages

Gulbarga-12 villages

Shahapur-4 villages

Sedam-18 villages

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2.6.3 Vulnerability of Dakshina Kannada District

Dakshina Kannada district is one of the highly vulnerable districts in the state prone to

coastal erosion, cyclones, tsunami, floods, storm surges, wind and storm, communal

violence,

Following hazards are identified in the district;

• Floods – Mangalore, Surathkal, Gurupura, Mulki, Bantwal, Belthangady, Puttur,

Sullia.

• Landslide- Shiradi in Belthangadi taluka along NH-48

• Industrial Disasters: 12 MAH units and 6 Hazardous units around Panambur

(Ammonia and Chlorine)

• Oil Spillage

• Fire

• Road Tanker Accidents – NH17, NH13, NH 48

• Rail Accidents: Carrying LPG

• Floods – Mangalore, Surathkal, Gurupura, Mulki, Bantwal, Belthangady, Puttur,

Sullia.

• Landslide- Shiradi in Belthangadi taluka along NH-48

• Industrial Disasters: 12 MAH units and 6 Hazardous units around Panambur

(Ammonia and Chlorine)

• Oil Spillage

• Fire

• Road Tanker Accident – NH17, NH13, NH 48

• Rail Accidents: Carrying LPG etc

2.6.4 Vulnerability of Bagalkote District

In the year 2005-06, 146 villages of Bagalkot district were affected due to sudden release

of water from Koina and Ujoni Dams, which caused flood in Krishna river. Also release

of water from Hidkal Dam caused flood in Ghataprabha river and water discharged from

Navilthiratha Dam caused flood in Malaprabha river. Due to floods in Krishna,

Malaprabha, and Ghataprabha rivers a total of 146 villages were affected in Bagalkot

District as shown below.

Sl No Name of the Taluka No villages affected

1 Bagalkot 20

2 Hunagund 20

3 Badami 20

4 Jamkhandi 35

5 Mudhol 40

6 Bilagi 11

During 2006-07, Due to release of water from Koina Dam and Flood in rivers.

Vedaganga, Doodganga, and Panchaganga 36 villages of Jamkhandi taluk were affected.

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And also 40 villages of Mudhol taluk were affected due release of water in Ghataprabha

river from Hidakal Dam and Markandeya Barriage. 28 villages of Hunagund Taluka and

20 villages in Bagalkot Taluka were affected due to the excess release of water from

Almatti Dam and Back water of Narayanpur Dam. In Badami Taluk 12 Villages were

affected due to floods in Malaprabha River. During 2007-08, Flood in Ghatprabha

affected 40 Villages in Mudhol Taluka and flood in Malaprbha River affected 21 villages

in Hunagund Taluka and 22 Villages in Badami Taluka.

2.6.5 Vulnerability of Uttara Kannada District

The Uttara Kannada coast stretches along the Arabian Sea from Majali in the north to

Gorate in the south extending to about 144 Kms covering 5 taluk namely, Karwar,

Ankola, Kumta, Honnavar and Bhatkal from North to south. About 24 Kms from

Baithkol in karwar taluk to Belikeri in Ankola taluk is under the control of Naval Base.

The entire coast is known for rich fauna and floral diversity. In view of the rich resources,

the entire coast has high degree of development and high density of population.

Coastal erosion: Due to the presence of a number of estuaries and several minor and

major rivers and stream flowing through them, the coastal region is facing problems like

beach erosion, silting of harbours and estuarine mouth. Further, the storm waves and

cyclones in monsoon increase the susceptibility to coastal erosion.

The narrow beaches and the shoreline cannot afford to combat the ferocity of the waves

and tides occurring unceasingly. This causes erosion and sometimes the extent and

damage caused is serious enough to harm the interests of the residents and is of

permanent kind. In other words, lack of sufficient littoral material supply is the major

cause for such erosion. The coast is subjected to severe erosion for substantial portion of

its length during the southwest monsoon. The height of waves coupled with cyclonic

storms and tidal overflow result in rise in water level inducing severe erosion and

inundation of salt water.

All the above factors have resulted in loss of valuable property, coconut plantation, paddy

fields, collapse of houses and other structures of public interest, damaging roads and

bridges, dislocation of communication and disruption of other activities affecting socio-

economic aspects of the coastal region.

The coastal erosion occurs mostly during the early part of the monsoon. The movement

of sand on the beach is caused by waves and they are of two types, onshore-offshore

movement and along the shore movement. Strom waves which are short period waves rip

open the beaches, taking the material away into deep water, while long period waves

push this material back onto the beach. A series of local storms of long duration may

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cause beach erosion leading to damage to the backshore area. As this is an annual

phenomenon, it is necessary to plan ways and means to prevent this hazard on the

permanent basis.

Though the frequency of cyclones and tsunami are not frequent, there was some effect of

tsunami in the district when large quantity of seawater entered estuary leading to salt

water inundation into the faddy fields on both the banks of rivers. A proper planning for

protection to higher tidal amplitude rise in view of sea level rise and weather change is

required.

The harbour: The district has one all weather port in karwar. Form this port goods are

exported or imported. During the process accidents are a possibility. Recently one

cargovessel ‘ocean seraya’ collided with the oyster rocks in the harbour region, leading to

oil spill and environmental hazard that attracts international attention. The district has not

got any facility to fight such a hazard. It is necessary that a proper disaster management

setup to combat such a situation be established in karwar in view of consistent increase in

traffic.

Fishing harbours and fish