training report on north western railway

7/22/2019 Training report on North Western Railway

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ABSTRACT

INDIAN RAILWAYS is the central government-owned railway company of India, which

owns and operates most of the contry!s rail transport" It is overseen #y the $inistry of

Railways of the %overnment of India"

Indian Railways has more than &',()* +ilometers .,./) mi0 of trac+ and 1,/2 stations" Ithas the world!s forth largest railway networ+ after those of the 3nited States, Rssia and

4hina" 5he railways traverse the length and #readth of the contry and carry over / million

passengers and ("2 million tons of freight daily" It is one of the world!s largest commercial or

tility employers, with more than )"& million employees" As to rolling stoc+, IR owns over

(/,/// freight0 wagons, &/,/// coaches and .,/// locomotives"

Railways were first introdced to India in )2*" 6y ).'1, the year of India!s independence,

there were forty-two rail systems" In ).*) the systems were nationali7ed as one nit,

#ecoming one of the largest networ+s in the world" IR operates #oth long distance and

s#r#an rail systems on a mlti-gage networ+ of #road, meter and narrow gages"

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1. INTRODUCTION

Railways were first introdced to India in )2*" 6y ).'1, the year of India!s independence,

there were forty-two rail systems" In ).*) the systems were nationali7ed as one nit,

#ecoming one of the largest networ+s in the world" IR operates #oth long distance ands#r#an rail systems on a mlti-gage networ+ of #road, meter and narrow gages" It also

owns locomotive and coach prodction facilities"

Indian railway is the #iggest employer in the world, largest single nderta+ing in the contry

and second #iggest electrified system in the world after Rssia"

1.1. RAILWAY ZONES

Indian Railways is divided into 7ones, which are frther s#-divided into divisions" 5he

nm#er of 7ones in Indian Railways increased from si8 to eight in ).*), nine in ).*(, and

finally )1 in (/)/" 9ach 7onal railway is made p of a certain nm#er of divisions, each

having a divisional head:arters" 5here are a total of si8ty-seven divisions"

9ach of the seventeen 7ones, inclding ;ol+ata $etro, is headed #y a %eneral $anager

%$0 who reports directly to the Railway 6oard" 5he 7ones are frther divided into divisions

nder the control of Divisional Railway $anagers DR$0" 5he divisional officers of

engineering, mechanical, electrical, signal and telecommnication, acconts, personnel,

operating, commercial and safety #ranches report to the respective Divisional $anager and

are in charge of operation and maintenance of assets"


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North 9ast Railway %ora+hpr

' North 9ast #li

)( West 4entral Railway ?a#alpr

) 9ast 4entral Railway 6ilaspr

)' North West Railway ?aipr

)* 9ast central Railway >a7ipr

)& Northern Railway 6aroda >ose Delhi

Railway re:irement #oard re:ites officers@wor+ers for Indian Railway departments" Spread

over the states of Raasthan and %rat , Amer Division e8tends from $adar Amer0 to

;andla =ort and frther to New 6h and Naliya" In soth , the section e8tends from

4hittargarh to >immatnagar via 3daipr , providing a lin+ to Ahemda#ad"

1.$. SUBSIDIARIES

Indian Railways manfactres mch of its rolling stoc+ and heavy engineering components

at its si8 manfactring plants, called =rodction 3nits, which are managed directly #y the

ministry" As with most developing economies, the main reason for this was the policy of

import s#stittion of e8pensive technology related prodcts when the general state of the

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national engineering indstry was immatre" 9ach of these si8 prodction nits is headed #y

a %eneral $anager, who also reports directly to the Railway 6oard"

1.%. RAILWAY SI&NALLIN&

It is a system sed to control railway traffic safely, essentially to prevent trains from

colliding" 6eing gided #y fi8ed rails, trains are ni:ely sscepti#le to collisionBfrthermore, trains cannot stop :ic+ly, and fre:ently operate at speeds that do not ena#le

them to stop within sighting distance of the driver"

$ost forms of train control involve movement athority #eing passed from those responsi#le

for each section of a rail networ+ e"g", a signalman or stationmaster0 to the train crew" 5he

set of rles and the physical e:ipment sed to accomplish this determine what is +nown as

the method of wor+ing 3;0, method of operation 3S0 or safe wor+ing Astralia0"

3nder Rote SignallingC a driver is informed which rote the train will ta+e #eyond each

signal nless only one rote is possi#le0" 5his is achieved #y a rote indicator attached to

the signal"

3nder Speed SignallingC the driver is not informed which rote the train will ta+e, #t the

signal aspect informs him at what speed he may proceed" Speed Signalling re:ires a far

greater range of signal aspects than rote Signalling

1.'. DE(ART)ENT O* NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY

+HEAD,UARTER O**ICE - AI(UR/0

?aipr railway has following departments

)" Railnet

(" IRS

" 98change

'" $icrowave

*" 4ontrol department

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$. RAILNET

5he networ+s sed in railways are as

)0 Rail-net

(0


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$.' TOOLS

9-$ail

9DI 9lectronic Data Interchange0

WWW


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*i5 $.1" Railnet general Arrangement

$.6. CO)(ONENTS O* RAILNET ARRAN&E)ENT

$.6.1. HARDWARE CO)(ONENTS

H4ompa: Servers"

H4IS4E Roters, Switches G >#s"

Strctred ca#ling sing 35=-4at * ca#ling )/ $6=S0 - $a8imm distance

permissi#le )// meters #etween

$.6.$. SO*TWARE CO)(ONENTS

$S Windows N5 Server - Eperating system for server

$S Windows N5 Wor+station '"/ - Eperating system for wor+stations

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Internet Information Server "/ - Administrates internet access in LAN"


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Direct signal traffic efficiently"

Rote messages #etween any two protocols"

Rote messages #etween linear #s, star, and star-wired ring topologies"

Rote messages across fi#er optics, coa8ial, and twisted pair ca#ling"

$.7.% SWITCH

5he switch is sed to interconnect the Nodes" 6t it is more comple8 and versatile, and also

there is no division of #andwidth among the nodes" 5hey are active device with following

pointsC

)0 )/$#ps, )// $#ps, single-speed, or dal speed operation"

(0 4ongestion control, which means that the switch shold have enogh #ffers to

ta+e care of the traffic pea+s"0 Segmentation of local networ+

'0 Speed p the local networ+" 5hey are of 2, )& or '2 ports active terminal"

$.7.' HUB

It is active nction #o8, which is sed to connect the nodes and all the servers sing any type

of ca#le 35=, 4oa8ial etc0" It contains a division of networ+ #andwidth" 5he important

parameters to #e considered whole selecting areC -

Spport for dal-speed operations"

Nm#er and types of ports, 35= and 6N4"

Ato switching"

Spport a #ilt-in segment switch"

9ase of configration

It can have a capacity of 2, )& or (' nodes and the ma8imm distance #etween ># and

nodes is )// $t" If distance is more, then additional >36 mst #e sed"

$.7.2 NODES

5he terminals or compters which are interconnected throgh switch or h#s

$.7.4 *IREWALL

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)0 It is secrity prpose software, which is sed to secre the server contents, so the

otside ser cold not temper the information" 5he ser can read the information

#t can not write any thing

$.9 NETWOR8 INTER*ACE CARD

It is a device having intelligence to control access to the networ+ and ena#les commnication

across the networ+" 5hrogh NI4 the nodes are connected fnctionally and physically to the

networ+" It is also called networ+ adapter" It manages the transfer of data throgh the nodes"

In a LAN each device is attached to the shared transmission medim throgh a networ+

interface card NI40"It contains logic for accessing the LAN and for sending and receiving

#loc+s of data on the LAN"

$.1: WOR8IN& O* RAILNET

Railnet is similar to internet" All the compters and commnication ca#les that ma+e p the

thosands of smaller networ+s at varios railway offices are connected together to form the

Railnet" It follows a simple rle, 54=@I=" >ere pac+et switching, where a compter message

is #ro+en into small pac+ets, is sed " 9ach pac+et consists of a destination address , a sorce

address and pac+et identity and ser data " A pac+et can travel throgh any path on the

networ+" Different servers of railways are connected to each other via its own microwave

stations to form a nationwide networ+ of Indian Railways"


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%. I3RS +INTERACTI3E 3OICE RES(ONSE SYSTE)/

%.1 INTRODUCTION

5he system in which, the information availa#le in the compter is retrieved #y the ser in the

form of voice with the help of the interaction #etween telephone and compter is +nown as

Interactive oice Respond System IRS0"

With the help of this system information regarding p#lic reservation B arrival @departre of

trainB fare can #e delivered to ser when and where it is as+ed throgh telephone "

9ach section control office is having a compter called DA5A 9N5RY 4E$=359R along

with dial p @ lease line modem which is sed for lin+ing the compter of other control

offices either directly or throgh server availa#le at 4hrch-%ate " 9ach control office

compter is identified as chec+ @ data entry point" Information regarding the rnning of the

train can #e registered or chec+ed at every )* minte"At place where the information is to #e retrieve throgh 5elephone, an compter is lin+ed

with data entry compter called IRS 4E$=359R, which is connected to data entry

compter #y 95>9RN95 4ARD" 5hese compters read the information from data entry

compter and then convert it to voice for ser prpose"

%.$ HARD WARE

DA5A entry terminal compter

$odem

IRS terminal compter0

DATA ENTRY TER)INAL

It is a personal compter of more than )&& $>7 with )& $6 RA$" It also has a (") %6

>ard dis+ with a )/) +ey +ey#oardB a mose G a color monitor"

)ODE)

5he data entry terminals are lin+ed with lease line@ dialp modem of speed #etter than "&

;6=S"

I3RS TER)INAL

It is =entim ) $>7 ="4" with (' port dialogic cards called IRS card capa#le to respond

on #oth plse and tone" Et of (' ports K' ports are sed for voice and


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ports are sed for railway =S5N linesB ( ports are sed for fare in:iry and rest )& ports are

sed for train in:iry"

%.% SO*TWARE

%.%.1. CO(ETSIt is friendly ser software, which is sed to record the train schedle timing information in

data files"

5his software is having following facilities,

)0 5he system is secred #y stages of password facility"

(0 It is having the facility for data entry of rnning@schedle time"

0 9ntry for e8pected arrival@ departre"

'0 Addition and removal of data entry points"

*0 Addition and removal of train in the system"

&0 4hanges in the data#ase for timeta#leB fare ta#le etc"

10 5his software is having a facility to generate the report of

a0 Stats of rnning train as per -

according to train

According to control office

As per a specific interval

#0 Information of train, when the train is late more than specific hors"

c0 Smmary of any train rnning over the month"

d0 It also shows the train graph" It restricts the entry of train after a specific period

i"e" the file is deleted for a train after ( hors of its arrivalB and deletes the files which

are '2 hors old and restrctre@reorgani7e the files

%.%.$ CO))UNICATION SO*TWARE

5his software wor+s on the principle of pac+et switching in which each train file is

developed in the form of pac+et along with destination address"

In IRS system $m#ai 4entral compter acts as >36 and it will dial or connect throgh

lease line after a specific interval to the data entry compters of different control offices and

e8change the files with them"

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When a pop file is generated after every )* mintes in data entry compter, then file is

transferred to its :ee directory" When >36 compter is connected to data entry compter,

>36 searches the files from :ee directory and then down load in its receive directory and

similarly the :ee directory files availa#le in >36 will #e received and stored #y data entry

compter" 6y this way the :ee directory files are e8changed and pdated"

5he commnication software is also having the facility for 4R4 chec+ cyclic redndancy

chec+0 and receives chec+" So in case of line failre or modem falty, when the file cold not

#e e8changed, then >36 try to esta#lish the lin+ and if is not a#le to e8change, then it will

create alarmB and show lin+ #rea+

5he important facilities of commnication softwareC -

)" Ato dialing facility for origination of transmission of information or data"

(" >aving facility of ato pic+p of file from remote :ee directory"

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*i5.%.1. Enline train information connectivity

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'. ELECTRONIC E;CHAN&E

Railway departments, offices and wor+stations need to commnicate among themselves"

>ence they re:ire a separate commnication connecting the whole organi7ation" Railway

has its own commnication system inclding microwave stations and atomatic electronic

e8changes"

Table'.1. 6asic configration of e8changeC

'.1 BASIC CON*I&URATION O* E;CHAN&EC

CONTENTS0

A Railway e8change #asically contains the following sectionsC

)SE0 =ower spply nit, one DD switches, Relays etc"

C)E0 4ommon control nit

$ain 4ontrol 4ards areC

4=3/C contains O= &2///

$$/C Random Access $emory with which 4=3 commnicates all

time

DTCO < IOC$0 4ommnicates with peripherals #y means of RS(( serial ports , DD controller cardsLTE0 9ach L59 contains a power nit and a highway interface card which

is connected with the 5SW49 cards to carry the highways"

L59 P ( L59 P 1

L59 P ) L59 P &

L59 P / L59 P *

4$9 L59 P '

$S9 L59 P

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*i5.'.1. Diagram of $S9

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*i5.'.$. Diagram of 4$9

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'.$. HARDWARE DESCRI(TION

LA)(S

RUN La=>0 %reen EN indicates that the program is nder e8ection"

ACT La=>0 %reen EN indicates the active mode is on"

SYSDOWN La=>0 Red on indicates that the system is down"

Table '.$.Lamps and indication conditions

La=>s Indi?a#ion Condi#ion

$? $aor


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1. (CB0 =4-SS4

Na=e0 System Spervisory 4ard

No o@ Ci"?!i#s0 )

)o!n#in5 (osi#ion0 4$9 )1

*!n?#ions0 =rovides Alarm Indication, $aintenance data sending @Receiving and

LI< data sending and Receiving fnctions, connected to the 4=3,internal nit connector I34/0,Loop interface 4ircit LI


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=rovides D$A4 with ' channels C

4hannel )C


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Na=e0 5ime Switch A

No o@ Ci"?!i#s0 )

)o!n#in5 (osi#ion0 4$9 1

*!n?#ions0

=rovides a )/(' Kchannel 5ime slot memory 5S$0 and Switch

4ontrol $emoryS4$0 for e8changing )/('channel time slot Distri#tes maintenance orders from the 4=3 to the >WI< and I="

Reports #y maintenance orders $S4N0 , self =46 5ro#le

information digital tie line cloc+ distri#tion pc# 4L;D0 tro#le

information and chec+ reslts of tone sender patterns to the 4=3 "

7. (CB0 =4 5SW4E

Na=e0 5ime Switch 4E

No o@ Ci"?!i#s0 )

)o!n#in5 (osi#ion0 4$9 /1, (&

*!n?#ions0

Incorporates two )/(' channel time slot memories 5S$0 and one

switch control memory S4$0 and operates in com#ination with

=45SW4 ) to convert (/'2 channel time slots

=erforms speech attenation #y means of a digital pad

Distri#tes $aintenance orders from the 4=3 to the >WI= and I=

5hrogh $aintenance scanning $S4N0 , reports self =46 tro#le

information and chec+ reslts of tone sender patterns to the 4=3"

9. (CB0 =9 D;4/

Na=e0 Dis+ 4ontrol /

No o@ Ci"?!i#s0 )

)o!n#in5 (osi#ion0 4$9 )), ((

*!n?#ions0

4ontrols pto two * Q inch hard dis+ nits"

Interfaces with the =4 SL6E =46"

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Rote WIighway Interface

No o@ Ci"?!i#s0 )

)o!n#in5 (osi#ion0 L59-((

*!n?#ions0

4onfigres 5he =4$ channels from the L59 niversal port 3=0

into >W and connects these >W to the time division switch 5SW0

in the common 9:ipment"

=erforms order sending and event receiving to and from preprocessor

==0 in the niversal spport via #s"

=rovides a trning fnction for each channel"

1$. (CB0 =6 SLI4A

Na=e0 S#scri#er Line 4ircit A

No o@ Ci"?!i#s0 2

)o!n#in5 (osi#ion0 L59

*!n?#ions0 5his =46 provides a s#scri#er circit for ordinary telephone sets with

6ERS4>5 fnctions and is availa#le in si8 types of =46 options with

different fnctions"

6 - 6attery feed speech crrent spply0

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E - Ever voltage =rotection

R - Ringing

S - Spervision

4 - 4ode

> - >y#rid (W to 'W 4onversion0

5 - 5esting S#scri#er 5est0

1%. (CB0 =9 I34E

Na=e0 Inter nit control

No o@ Ci"?!i#s0 )

)o!n#in5 (osi#ion0 4$9 ), (/

*!n?#ions0

Inter nit 4ommnication #y to+en 6s System

44$ fnction

Drives @ Receives inter nit maintenance #ses"

1'. (CB0 =4 SLI49

Na=e0 S#scri#er Line 4ircit 9

No o@ Ci"?!i#s0 2


*!n?#ions0 =rovides a digital S#scri#er Line Interface"

12. (CB0 =6 6W5L

Na=e0 6oth way 5rn+ lines

No o@ Ci"?!i#s0 2


*!n?#ions0

Sends @ Receives central office line signals sends Selective signals ,

Detects ringing signals And loops 0

Sends Low resistance Dc Loop signal or A4 high resistance loops

signal to the central office

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4onverts voice signal into =4$ signals and sends these signals to

highway or converts =4$ signal into voice signals"

Indicates channels #loc+@#sy 4onditions"

14. (CB0 =6 =6R5

Na=e0 =6 receiver 5rn+

No o@ Ci"?!i#s0 2@'


*!n?#ions0 5his =46 provides a circit which receives =6 signals from terminals

connected to central office lines and from station telephone and

identifies the codes"

16. (CB0 =6 =E5

Na=e0 =osition 5rn+

No o@ Ci"?!i#s0 ) or (

)o!n#in5 (osi#ion0 L59 ()

*!n?#ions0 Send@Receives control information and voice signals to the attendant

console"

$i8es and divides voice signals and also inserts interrpts"

17. (CB0 =6 4ighway nm#er L59 nm#er0

(( =rocessor peripheral no

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S Serial 98tension

'.'. (ROCESSOR (ERI(HERAL + ((/

(/ == slot are there in each L59

9ach slot having 2 ports accommodation

Last slot pp-).0 is having only 1 ports

5otal no of ports in each L59 (/T20-) )*.

4ommand Synta8


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2. )ICROWA3E CO))UNICATION

2.1 INTRODUCTION

4ommnication refers to the sending , receiving and processing of information #y electronic

means 5he information signal which has to #e transmitted is initially in speech form , fortransmission this information is first converted into electrical form" Now these signals are

transmitted #y any of the methods li+e satellite commnication, microwave commnication,

E"


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modlated for high fre:ency" 5his signal is passes throgh wavegide and transmitted #y

antenna" Similarly reverse process for receiving"

*i52.1. 6loc+ diagram of microwave center

In this radio e:ipment is prodct of >aris 3"S"A0 company and $ltiple8ing e:ipment is

prodct of =4L =na# commnication ltd"0, 4handigarh"

2.'. (ROCESS *OR )ULTI(LE;IN&

*i5.2.$.$icrowave mltiple8ing

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5here are two approaches for $ltiple8ingC

Eld techni:e says that first $odlate 5hree or some channel at different fre:ency and

ma+e this type of s#grop and now this type of s#grop is modlated same higher

fre:ency and ma+es this type of grop of s#grop" 5his grop is again modlated and

ma+es this type of sper grop of grop" 5his process is contining according to no of

channels" 5his techni:e is e8pensive, low efficient and re:ires more circit"In second techni:e each channel is modlated standard fre:ency say '2.& ;>7 and now

this is again modlated with different standard carrier signal" 5his carrier signal is selected

#y com#ination of switches position on@off0 on D5L card" 5his is less e8pensive and

re:ires low circit"

$3L5I=L9N% 4IR43I5C In mltiple8ing circit, ca#le from 98change is connected to

tag #loc+" After a tag #loc+, 5ermination #o8 is connected, from the e8change we get ( wire

and signal is /d#m" In termination #o8 the ( wire is converted into ' wire and de to

limitation of circit we get signal of -"*d#m"


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to prevent from interfacing of transmitting and receiving signal" Now transmitting signal is

passes throgh the wavegide and arrives on antenna and transmitted"

With the help of circlator receiving signal from antenna is passes in receiver circit" 5his

signal is filtered and amplified and demodlated in receiver circit" 5hen it is again filtered

now the signal is -)*d#m"it passes in mltiple8er #loc+ throgh amplifier #loc+" =rotection

nit is sed for protection prpose"

*i5.2.'. 6loc+ diagram of radio e:ipment

2.4 ANTENNA

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In microwave department para#olic antenna is sed whose anglar width is less than ) U"

Antenna is connected #y wavegide" In the wavegide the attenation is /"/1 d#@ meter" We

transmit signal at -'*d#m"at small distance -'/d#m is accepta#le" 6t when the distance of

two antennas is large then this attenation is considered" If antenna is sitated at )// meter

then the attenation is 1d# and transmitted signal remains 2d#m and at large distance this is

not sfficient so for +eep small wavegide length antenna +eep in grond and reflector issed at tower" Antenna transmit signal and reflector reflects the signal" 5hs the

commnication is line of sight"

*i5.2.2.4ommnication throgh antenna

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RE*ERENCES

)" Wi+ipedia

)" 98change 5raining manal

(" HIo8 )/// series vi0 general description $anal

" $icrowave department $anal

'" www"indianrailways"com

training report on north western railway

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