transed. 2012shannon sanders mcdonald, aia integrated mobility how new movement technologies can...

TRANSED. 2012 Shannon Sanders McDonald, AIA

INTEGRATED MOBILITY

How New Movement Technologies Can Assist with Seamless Access for All

“Infrastructure is Culture”and the basis for the public realm –

movement sustains necessary connections

and is still the basis for modern design

Only New Movement Technologies Can Change Design

BUILDING/FOOTPRINT 26%

LAWNS/LANDSCAPING 13%

STREETS 3% SIDEWALKS 4%

PARKING 54%



How can WE weave all of these aspects to create a healthier, safer, saner environment for all as technology continues to change?

transportation

parking

history and culture

landscape

architecture

zoning and land-useenvironmental issues

built world

energy - power


PEOPLE

engineering

construction

aesthetics


Movement

Power Sources

Built FormsSYMBIOTIC

RELATIONSHIP

TECHNOLOGY

Low/High

INDIVIDUAL MACHINES

NEW MACHINES

GROUP MACHINES

ARCHITECTURE

URBAN

GLOBAL

TRADITIONAL -HYBRIDWIND - SUN

FUEL CELL - ELECTRIC

Copyright Shannon McDonald, 2004Shannon Sanders McDonald

RELATIONSHIPS SUPPORTING EACH OTHER CREATING NEW COMMUNITY VISIONS



Re-imagining the Future

BYFocus Technology and Movement

What Do We Need To Embrace Full Accessibility for All ? How Do We Design For It ?

http://www.teslamotors.com/media/image_library.php

NUCLEAR

BLOOM BOX FUEL CELL

Credit: Current - GEMcars.com Dan Sturges original designer (trans2 Copr)

ULTra © ULTra Advanced Transport Systems Ltd.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wind-turbine-icon.svg



The United States has Seven Principals

Equitable UseFlexibility in UseSimple and Intuitive UsePerceptible InformationTolerance for ErrorLow Physical EffortSize and Space for Approach and Use



India has 5 Principals

Equitable UsableCulturalEconomicAesthetic

Types Jobs Education/Training

Healthcare Recreational Housing

People with Disabilities

Veterans with Disabilities

Aging Seniors

Impact of Transportation on User Group Needs

• Is lack of adequate transportation a problem?• Twice as many people with disabilities say it is important

to their Daily Living Needs• 76% say it is important to their job search• 29% consider it a significant problem in accessing jobs

Use of Transportation: Less More

Andrea Lubin and Devajyoti Deka, “The Role of Public Transportation as a Job Access Mode: Lessons from a Survey of Persons with Disabilities in New Jersey”, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 2011Loprest, P., and E. Maag. Barriers to and Supports for Work Among Adults with Disabilities: Results 33 from the NHIS-D. The Urban Institute, Washington, D.C., 2001.

INTEGRATED MOBILITY


• User Needs– Disabilities: Mobility, Vision, Intellectual…– Modalities: Sidewalk, Vehicle, Bus, Rail, Airport…– Commutes: Work, School, Travel, Leisure…– Interfaces, Inclusive, Connected…

• Accessibility Data Standards– Data Definitions– Data Capture and Management; Reporting– Harmonization

• Automation Systems and Applications– Origin– Destination– Planning

Automation Vision for Mobility/Accessibility

Provided by: Mohammed Yousuf; Office of Operations R&D; Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, FHWA;6300 Georgetown Pike, HRDO-04 McLean, VA 22101;202 493 3199

INTEGRATED MOBILITY


Where Automation can take us…Plan/Execute TripsOriginDestinationPlanning

Mobility Hearing

IntellectualVision

User Needs

First Mile/Last MileOn demand accessible connections from home or work to other transportation modes

Personal Mobility VehicleSmall vehicles that take passengers to destinations or to other transportation modes

Provided by: Mohammed Yousuf; Office of Operations R&D; Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, FHWA;6300 Georgetown Pike, HRDO-04 McLean, VA 22101;202 493 3199.

Intellectual

TRIP DISTANCE

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10 m

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mile

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1000

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AUTOMOBILE

BUSES

ES

CA

LAT

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10 fe

et

PEDESTRIAN

EL

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AIRTRAVEL

MOVINGWALKWAYS

RAIL

UNDERSERVEDMARKET

LIGHTRAIL

TRIP DISTANCE

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feet

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mile

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AUTOMOBILE

BUSES

ES

CA

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10 fe

et

PEDESTRIAN

EL

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AT

OR

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AIRTRAVEL

MOVINGWALKWAYS

RAIL

UNDERSERVEDMARKET

LIGHTRAIL

Conceptual comparison of modes in the Accessibility – Throughput spectrum from Young, Miller, McDonald. Keys to Innovative Transport Development. Presented at the 87 Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board,

Washington, D.C., 2007.

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



Universal Design

Designing for the Specific Community

Sustainably Appropriate Site Response

Size of Transportation Systems

Weather

Existing Conditions/Historic Preservation

Relationship to Freight and Delivery

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



Design for Architectural and Planning Interfaces

Design for the Specific Community

Look at opportunities for multi-dimensional solutions.

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



In-building stations, Configurations, strategies and multiple synergies

Basic Code Issues in the United States:

ASCE People Mover Standards – Part 3

NFPA-130, (2007) 5.1.1.2 “Special considerations necessary”

NFPA 101, other NFPA as appropriate for specific details

IBC Fire

Other IBC and local code requirements as appropriate to the building type and

building type mixphoto credit: Shannon Sanders McDonald, Architect

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



Plan Connections: Configurations strategies and multiple synergies

Multi-directional

Fully networked

Potential for spatial or multi-level connections

Potential to create walkable communities

Student: Montana State University Matthew Killiam, 2002

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



Section Connections: Configurations strategies and multiple synergies

Student: Brandon Zahurba University of Nebraska 2001

Multi-directional

Fully networked

Potential for spatial or multi-level connections

Potential to create walkable communities

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



Montana State Student work – Eryn Mikelson, 2002

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



CarLoft, Berlin, Germany

How can we move the machine vertically ?

Ramp

Elevatorregularinclinedautomated

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



Shannon Sanders McDonald, Architect

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



Ramp

Elevatorregularinclinedautomated3-D


Montana State Student work – Kenny Huff, 2002

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



Ramp

Elevatorregularinclinedautomated3-D


What can we learn from parking structures about integrating vehicles into buildings?

Fuel source

Scale integration with people/size of vehicle Interactions between people/vehicle

Codes

Weather

Mixed-use

Active street fronts photo credit: Shannon Sanders McDonald, Architect

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



PRT, GRT OR DUAL-MODE

As environmentally sustainable fuels sources have greater applications the PRT system can be fueled by other generating sources such as solar panels and other renewable energy sources linked to the power grid.

Eventually the Starr Car System as envisioned by William Alden where the “personal automobile” links with other “personal automobiles” to form transit now called dual-mode can occur.

StarrCar—Photo courtesy of Bill Alden of Self-Transit Systems

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



New Interconnections

• Complete linkages between transit, architecture, energy, parking, and urban planning

• Environmentally sustainable solutions

• Pedestrian and machine oriented environments

• Totally integrated Universal Design

Evolving City—Paul Rudolph and Ulrich Franzen, The Evolving City, New York: American Federation of the Arts, 1974, p.74-75.

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



Photograph complements of Stan Young, Kansas DOT, University of Maryland, Center for Advanced Transportation Technology

One of the first PRT systems in place in the world was at West Virginia University in Morgantown, WVA. Some today call it Group Rapid Transit as the small vehicle concept was a concern so the vehicles were larger. Today we know that the smaller vehicle with off line stations can move a greater number of people more quickly and efficiently.

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



• Point To Point Service – no stops in-between

• Small vehicles - 3-5 people

• Off-line stations

• On-demand

• Automated Guideways

• Networked system – not reliant on a corridor structure

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



A much narrower footprint in the right-of-way

Lighter tracks

Tighter headways

A higher level of services with less expensive infrastructure

However, there are still no applications in the United Statesafter its conceptual introduction more than four decades ago

Amritsar, India is moving forward with a ATN/PRT System

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



Photograph courtesy of 2getthere Corporation. http://www.2getthere.nl/

2getthere has a worldwide exclusive license for the application of FROG-technology in people mover applications and owns the rights to the CyberCab (PRT) and ParkShuttle (GRT) transit concepts.

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



Masdar City is the world’s first carbon-neutral zero waste city and is head- quarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) PRT is part of the underground infrastructure as a part of a complete package including all forms of transit in this car-free city.

INTEGRATED MOBILITY



http://www.masdarcity.ae/

Traverses2 rivers and 7 roadsGreen belt landNegotiates Aircraft surfaces Bridges in-ground servicesConforms to T5 architectureLooks “Intended”

• Connects Business Parking

with T5

• 2.4 miles of single guideway

• 21 vehicles

• 3 stations

• 5min journey time

Application at Heathrow

Courtesy Martin Lowson:© ULTra Advanced Transport Systems Ltd.


• 18 miles of track

• 80% elevated

• 350 vehicles

• 50 stations

Possible Future Phases



Sustainability

Low energy use

• Zero emissions at point of use• Low external noise • Low visual intrusion• Low resource requirements• Low embodied energy

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Urban CarLondon busUndergroundULTra

MJo

ule

per P

asse

nger

km

UK Data. Assumptions:• Average passenger loads• Well to wheel (darker

shading direct electricity use only)



Advantages of ULTra

Low capital costs Capacity

An ULTra system has the potential to carry as many people as a:•Lane of high speed road traffic•200 seat light rail vehicle arriving every 5 minutes,•50 seat bus every 75 seconds.

Complementary to existing modes

•New solution for “last mile” problems

Capacity and Cost

$m/mile

Automatic People Movers (“APM”)

30 - 100

Light Rail 20 - 40

ULTra 10 - 15



“If ULTra is as successful as I think it will be, this could be a big breakthrough in developing new kinds of totally personalised rapid transit, which could transform our cities in ways that we can't yet see.” Sir Peter Hall

“Isn’t it nice to find transport which is waiting for you rather than you waiting for it” Russell Goodway, Lord Mayor of Cardiff

“The ULTra PRT system is clearly leading the world in this exciting and innovative technology” Mike Clasper, CEO of BAA`

“The ideal transit technology is PRT: a) stations right where you are, within walking distance, b) no waiting." Peter Calthorpe

“Fabulous idea” “Makes life a lot better” “Superb”Comments from passengers at trials

Responses to ULTra

“This is amazing — a well engineered, ready-to-go public transit system that can solve many urban transport problems […] I am going back to tell my colleagues that they must come and see ULTra.” Representative from a major transport agency

Responses to ULTra



2050

STUDENT ANALYSIS

Figure Ground with sidewalks

Figure Ground with roads

UM. 2010 Shannon Sanders McDonald, AIA

2050

STUDENT DESIGNS

2050

BRICE JOHNSON

2050

KIRA MELVILLE

SPSU’s PRT Stops

Main Nodes – 2 way movementMain Loop – 1 wayMain Nodes – stops – 1 wayMinor Nodes – 1 waySubstations – 2 way – fast track

AGID Main Entrance - Pedestrian

2050

KATIE MCCULLOCH

PRT Station

PRT Station on Green Roof

2050

RYAN TOLLE

VectusCampus Transit

Southern PolytechnicResearch University

VectusCobb Transit


VectusStadium Transit


VectusOffline Tracks


Hornet’s NestStation Section


Campus Transit Level – 14’

Hornet’s NestCobb County Transit Line


Rather than isolating ourselves from the realities that we are now facing we need to embrace the new solutions and attempt to find ways to integrate them to address the emerging complex movement and environmental needs of our planet.

Corn, Joseph J. and Brian, Horrigan. (1984). Yesterday’s Tomorrows Past Visions of The American Future, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, p.10.


• Please feel free to contact me below with any questions and use of material. I am a licensed architect in the United States and have participated in award winning projects, teaching, and lecturing extensively.

• This presentation and all ideas, images and text are copyrighted under US Law and best attempts have been made to follow all copyright issues.

All images provided here are for reference purposes only. You need to contact the owner of the image for permission to publish.

• Shannon Sanders McDonald, AIA• p. 410 – 828 - 1425• c. 404 – 394 – 2501• [email protected]

Copyright @SSMCopyright Shannon McDonald, 2008Shannon Sanders [email protected]


INTEGRATED MOBILITY


transed. 2012shannon sanders mcdonald, aia integrated mobility how new movement technologies can...

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