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Transforming NCD health care in Tunisia: Engaging citizens in health policy making through the new social dialogue Socio-Political Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Socio-Political Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Implications for NCD Prevention and Control Implications for NCD Prevention and Control December 3-4 2014, Beirut - Lebanon December 3-4 2014, Beirut - Lebanon Professor Habiba Ben Romdhane Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Prevention Resarch Laboratory Tunisia

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Page 1: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Transforming NCD health care in Tunisia: Engaging citizens in health policy making

through the new social dialogue

Socio-Political Challenges in the Mediterranean Region:Socio-Political Challenges in the Mediterranean Region:Implications for NCD Prevention and Control Implications for NCD Prevention and Control

December 3-4 2014, Beirut - LebanonDecember 3-4 2014, Beirut - Lebanon

Professor Habiba Ben RomdhaneCardiovascular Epidemiology

& Prevention Resarch Laboratory Tunisia

Page 2: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Tunisia was generally considered to be stable as compared to other countries in the region

Education and healthcare have received more investment and proved more effective than in most MENA countries

Women’s emancipationwas an example

Millions of Tourists visited Tunisia

Tunisia was considered as the Good Student of MIF & WB  

La Tunisie est La Tunisie est généralement généralement considérée être un paysconsidérée être un pays

Politiques sociales Politiques sociales (education, santé)(education, santé)

L’émancipation de la L’émancipation de la femme donnée en femme donnée en exempleexemple

C’était le pays C’était le pays touristique par touristique par excellence excellence

La Tunisie était bon La Tunisie était bon élève du FMI et de la élève du FMI et de la BM BM

Page 3: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Demographic & Health Demographic & Health Indicators in TunisiaIndicators in Tunisia

Indicator 2009

Population 10.982.754 Total fertility rate 2.2

Life Expectancy at Birth 73.9 yearsM: 71.8

W:76.3Infant Mortality 16.1

Crude Death Rate (per thousand) 5.8

___________________Maternal mortality

_______________45/100 000

Page 4: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Selected indicators for expenditures Selected indicators for expenditures on health (2000-2010)on health (2000-2010)

Ratio 2000 2010

Total Health Expenditures (THE) in Million of Tunisian Dinars (TD) 1581.2 4019.3

Share THE/ Gross Domestic Product(%) 5.5 6.3

THE per capita (Tunisian Dinars) 164.1 382.8

Share OOP/ THE (%) 44.4 40.5

Page 5: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

There was a gap between the development level & the political practices (lack of democracy)

Unemployment especially among university graduated

Youth aspiration to a better life

Social media revolution (bloggers)December 17 2010/January 2011 Tunisian Uprising

Il y avait un décalage Il y avait un décalage entre le niveau de entre le niveau de développemt et lpolitquedéveloppemt et lpolitque

Chomage des diplomésChomage des diplomés

Les aspsirations de la Les aspsirations de la jeunesse à uen meilleure jeunesse à uen meilleure vievie

La révolution des médias La révolution des médias sociauxsociaux

Page 6: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Explosion des Explosion des demandes socialesdemandes sociales

Nous découvrons la Nous découvrons la pauvreté, les pauvreté, les inégalités sociales , les inégalités sociales , les disparités régionales , disparités régionales , les conditions les conditions préavaires des préavaires des structures sanitairesstructures sanitaires

La mauvaise La mauvaise gouvernance, le gouvernance, le nepostisme et le nepostisme et le clientelismeclientelisme

• Explosion of social demands

• Poverty, unemployment• Social inequality• Regional disparity• Public sector healthcare

cannot meet public demand

• A deplorable Governance in the Health sector

• Clientelism• Nepotis

Page 7: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Physicians /100 000 inhabitants Physicians /100 000 inhabitants Distance to Hospital (Km)Distance to Hospital (Km)

Page 8: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Expectancy Infant Mortality

at Birth

Page 9: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Les Tunisiens Les Tunisiens réclament plus de réclament plus de libertéliberté

plus de justice socialeplus de justice sociale un meilleur accès aux un meilleur accès aux

soins de qualitésoins de qualité une participation à la une participation à la

vie politique vie politique une politique sociale une politique sociale

pour touspour tous

• Tunisian claimed more freedom and improved social justice

• More access to Health services

• More Job • More political and

economical inclusion• Social policy for all

Page 10: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Ils demandent un Ils demandent un nouveau modèle nouveau modèle

un changement un changement substanciel dans le substanciel dans le processus de prise processus de prise de décisionde décision

Une réponse aux Une réponse aux nouvelles nouvelles aspirations à travers aspirations à travers une politique une politique participativeparticipative

• Demand of a new societal model

• Demand of substantial changes in decision making processes

• Response to the new aspirations towards a more participatory policy

Page 11: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Le système de Le système de santé doit êter ré santé doit êter ré orienté pour orienté pour répondre aux répondre aux problèmes des problèmes des citoyenscitoyens

Doit être redevable Doit être redevable au citoyen ordianire au citoyen ordianire , respecter et , respecter et assurer les droits et assurer les droits et la dignité la dignité

• Health systems has to be reoriented to respond to people’s emerging health needs,

• Be directly accountable to ordinary people, and respect and ensure the rights and dignity of all people who use health systems and provide health care

Page 12: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Social DialoguePeople Centred Health System

Page 13: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

What are the NCDs What are the NCDs Challenges in Tunisia ?Challenges in Tunisia ?

How could SD transforme How could SD transforme NCDs Health care ?NCDs Health care ?

Page 14: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

NCDs ChallengesNCDs Challenges(1)(1)

Prevention & controlPrevention & control• Absence of Absence of

comprehensive approach comprehensive approach to face the newly to face the newly emergent problem of emergent problem of NCDsNCDs

• Many gaps on NCDs Many gaps on NCDs prevention and controlprevention and control

• Exposure to risk factors is Exposure to risk factors is increasingincreasing

• Access to treatment and Access to treatment and diagnosis is limiteddiagnosis is limited

• Problem of quality of care Problem of quality of care

Absence d’une Absence d’une approche globale approche globale pour faire face aux pour faire face aux MNTMNTL’exposition aux L’exposition aux facteurs de risque facteurs de risque est en augmenationest en augmenationL’accès au L’accès au traitement et aux traitement et aux moyens diagnistic moyens diagnistic n’est pas garanti à n’est pas garanti à toustousProblème de qualitéProblème de qualité

Page 15: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

NCDs ChallengesNCDs Challenges(2)(2)

InequalityInequality• Inequalities are likely to Inequalities are likely to

increase with NCDs increase with NCDs • Existence of barriers Existence of barriers

including financial including financial barriers that exclude the barriers that exclude the poorest segments of the poorest segments of the population. population.

• Universal Health Universal Health Coverage (UHC) emerged Coverage (UHC) emerged as crucial measureas crucial measure

Les inégalités sont Les inégalités sont encore plus encore plus importantes avec importantes avec les MNTles MNT

Existence de Existence de barrière financièrebarrière financière

L’accès universel L’accès universel aux soins est une aux soins est une demande urgentedemande urgente

Page 16: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

NCDs ChallengesNCDs Challenges(3)(3)

Decision-makingDecision-making• DM isHighly complex DM isHighly complex

process with both process with both technical and political technical and political features and with features and with many interests which many interests which are not always are not always supportive of the supportive of the public good public good

• Segmented systems Segmented systems and lack of and lack of coordination that risk coordination that risk harming servicesharming services

La prise de décision est La prise de décision est un processus complexe un processus complexe ayant deux facettes, une ayant deux facettes, une technique et une politique technique et une politique qui ne sont pas forcément qui ne sont pas forcément en faveur de l’interet en faveur de l’interet généralgénéral

La fragmentation et le La fragmentation et le manque de manque de coordination contribue coordination contribue à diliuer les à diliuer les responsabilités responsabilités

Page 17: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

NCDs ChallengesNCDs Challenges(4)(4)

Intersectorial approach Intersectorial approach

• Crucial drivers of NCDs Crucial drivers of NCDs change lie outside of change lie outside of the traditional the traditional boundaries of the boundaries of the health systemhealth system

• Absence of Absence of intersectoral action intersectoral action that are critical for re-that are critical for re-orienting NCDs orienting NCDs prevention & controlprevention & control

Des déterminants Des déterminants importants des MNT importants des MNT sont en dehors du sont en dehors du système de santésystème de santé

Absence d’une Absence d’une approche approche intersectorielle intersectorielle fondamentale pour fondamentale pour réorientér la réorientér la prévention et le prévention et le controle des MNTcontrole des MNT

Page 18: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

NCDs ChallengesNCDs Challenges(5)(5)

Growth of Private Sector Growth of Private Sector Regulation/Regulation/

oversight weak & oversight weak & unenforcedunenforced

Benefitting urban Benefitting urban middle classmiddle class

Drain of staff to Drain of staff to private sectorprivate sector

Accentuating Accentuating coast-interior coast-interior differentialsdifferentials

Absence de Absence de régulation régulation

Profite aux classes Profite aux classes moyennes, moyennes, urbainesurbaines

Fuite du staff vers Fuite du staff vers

le privéle privé Accentuation des Accentuation des

disparités entre les disparités entre les côtes et l’intérieurcôtes et l’intérieur

Page 19: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

NCDs ChallengesNCDs Challenges(6)(6)

Intersectorial approach Intersectorial approach

Manque de liens Manque de liens de coopération de coopération stratégiques en stratégiques en matière de MNTmatière de MNT

Urgence d’intégrer Urgence d’intégrer la gestion dans le la gestion dans le cadre d’une cadre d’une stratégie de stratégie de développement développement socio-économique socio-économique plus largeplus large..

• Lack of strategic NCD partnerships

• Urgency of NCD management as part of wider socio-economic development strategy

Page 20: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

NCDs ChallengesNCDs Challenges(7)(7)

Health workers Health workers Community health Community health workers do not play the workers do not play the important linking role in important linking role in enabling inclusive and enabling inclusive and representative representative community participation community participation

Health systems serve Health systems serve people but are also made people but are also made up of people, who need up of people, who need effective environments in effective environments in which to workwhich to work. .

Les professionnels de Les professionnels de la santé ne jouent la santé ne jouent pas un role important pas un role important pour permettre une pour permettre une participation de la participation de la communautécommunauté

Le SS sert les citoyens Le SS sert les citoyens mais il est mis en mais il est mis en oeuvre par des oeuvre par des citoyens qui citoyens qui nécessistent un nécessistent un environnement environnement favorable au travailfavorable au travail

Page 21: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

NCDs ChallengesNCDs Challenges(10)(10)

Health workers Health workers

Supportive and effective Supportive and effective working environments for working environments for health workers (emerging health workers (emerging violence) violence)

Supervision and Supervision and continuing training for continuing training for health care workers health care workers emerged as crucial needs. emerged as crucial needs.

Il est indispensable de Il est indispensable de rendre rendre l’envireonnement de l’envireonnement de travail plus favorable travail plus favorable (lutter contre le (lutter contre le phénomène emergent phénomène emergent comme la violence dans comme la violence dans les tructures sanitaires)les tructures sanitaires)

Renforcer la formation Renforcer la formation continue et continue et l’accompagnement des l’accompagnement des travailleurstravailleurs

Page 22: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

NCDs ChallengesNCDs Challenges(8)(8)

ResearchResearch

Scaling-up research in Scaling-up research in different areadifferent area On health system and On health system and health policyhealth policyOn civil society and social On civil society and social movements that support movements that support people centrednesspeople centrednessOn health workers On health workers empowerment to provide empowerment to provide people-centred health people-centred health servicesservices

Mettre à niveau la Mettre à niveau la rehcerche dans :rehcerche dans : Système et politique de Système et politique de

santésanté Le role de la SC et des Le role de la SC et des

mouvements sociaux mouvements sociaux pour renforcer pour renforcer l’approche centrée sur l’approche centrée sur la populationla population

Renforcement les Renforcement les capacités des capacités des professionnels pour une professionnels pour une approche centrée sur la approche centrée sur la populationpopulation

Page 23: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

NCDs ChallengesNCDs Challenges(8)(8)

International NGOs (INGOs)International NGOs (INGOs)

INGOs have the INGOs have the opportunity to strengthen opportunity to strengthen national health systems national health systems but they sometimes but they sometimes engage in practices that engage in practices that weaken these systemsweaken these systems

Distortions into health Distortions into health system managementsystem management

Les ONGI jouent un Les ONGI jouent un role important dans role important dans le renforcement du le renforcement du système de santé système de santé mais elles peuvent mais elles peuvent aussi le fragiliseraussi le fragiliser

Elles introduisent Elles introduisent des distorsions dans des distorsions dans la gestion des la gestion des programmesprogrammes

Page 24: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

NCDs ChallengesNCDs Challenges(9)(9)

Innovation Innovation

Need of innovative Need of innovative service-delivery models, service-delivery models, including the use of including the use of technology such as m-technology such as m-health and e-health to health and e-health to ensure quality and ensure quality and continuity of care continuity of care especially for remote especially for remote area area

Les prestations de Les prestations de services ne services ne bénéficient bénéficient absolument pas des absolument pas des progrès de la progrès de la technologie(e-technologie(e-health, m-health ) health, m-health ) pour toucher la pour toucher la population, plus population, plus particulièrement particulièrement celle qui est celle qui est éloignée .éloignée .

Page 25: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

A health sector as a hole is folded A health sector as a hole is folded in itselfin itself

Ref: Al Gonzalez‐Rossetti, E  Felt, 

Page 26: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Objectives of the Social DialogueObjectives of the Social Dialogue

Determining the pathways and mechanisms for intensified community engagement in order to :

– Adjust health care services to better serve the people of Tunisia

– Increase solidarity in health financing to provide a more equitable health system with balanced care that respects all citizens.

Détermniner le Détermniner le cheminenement et les cheminenement et les mécanismes pour mécanismes pour renforcer l’engagement renforcer l’engagement des citoyens afin:des citoyens afin:

D’ajuster les services D’ajuster les services pour mieux servir les pour mieux servir les citoyens tunisenscitoyens tunisens

Renforcer la solidarité Renforcer la solidarité pour le fiancement de pour le fiancement de la santé pour une la santé pour une meilleure meilleure équitééquité

Page 27: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

History of the Social Dialogue History of the Social Dialogue (SD) (SD)

Tunisian RevolutionTunisian RevolutionLibyan Refuge's crisisLibyan Refuge's crisis

(International Movement (International Movement To help Tunisia, Funds)To help Tunisia, Funds)

2011

8October 2012

National Dialogue National Dialogue Launching Launching

High Level meeting High Level meeting

June June 2013 2013

to to March March 20142014

in-depth assessment in-depth assessment of the Tunisian health of the Tunisian health

systemsystem

Page 28: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

History of the Social Dialogue History of the Social Dialogue (SD) (SD)

92 citizens92 citizens15 national and 15 national and

international expertsinternational expertsand health professionalsand health professionals

““rendez-vousrendez-vous””

June June 20142014

2-4 2-4 SepteSeptember mber 20142014

National health National health conferenceconference

Tunisian white paper Tunisian white paper for the health sectorfor the health sector

Page 29: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Large Participation Large Participation

• M of Health +++M of Health +++• M of Social Affairs M of Social Affairs • M of Human Right M of Human Right • M of Women’s Affairs M of Women’s Affairs • Trade UnionsTrade Unions• NGOs NGOs • Medical Students (played an Medical Students (played an

important role) important role) • WHO WHO

29

Page 30: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Une reveue de la Une reveue de la litttératurelitttératureDes atelliers de travail Des atelliers de travail thématiques thématiques Des panels d’expertsDes panels d’expertsDes Focus Group Des Focus Group experst, citoyens, experst, citoyens, professionnelsprofessionnels

Les étudiants en Les étudiants en médecine ont joué un médecine ont joué un role importantrole important

Situation Diagnosis June 2013 to March 2014

• Broad literature review• Thematic workshops• Expert panels • Focus groups with

citizens, experts and health professionals

• Medical students go into each region and hand out invitations to citizens

Page 31: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Social Dialogue Approaches Social Dialogue Approaches to reform the Health Systemto reform the Health System

Responsabiliy

citizenship

Obj1 Solidarity

Obj 2 proximity

Trust

Population centred Health System

Page 32: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Discussed Topics Discussed Topics

MultisectorialApproache

Responses to urgent

needs Responsivness

Primary Health Care Reforms

Quality of care

Accesibility Availablity

& Effordability

Upgrading Public Sector

Health Financing

Population centred

Health System

Page 33: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

4 entry points for the SD contribution4 entry points for the SD contribution

Ref: Al Gonzalez‐Rossetti, E  Felt, 

Page 34: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Lessons to learn?Lessons to learn?(1)(1)

This case study adds to the This case study adds to the literature describing how SD literature describing how SD can be implemented in can be implemented in health systemhealth system

Overall , the SD has Overall , the SD has reported promising reported promising outcomes, with public outcomes, with public enthusiasm and interest to enthusiasm and interest to better understand how the better understand how the services function, the services function, the resources available and any resources available and any gaps that exist.gaps that exist.

This was a real attempt to address, some of the concerns expressed by the citizens in the streets four years ago.

Le DS tunisen enrichit Le DS tunisen enrichit la lilittérature dans la lilittérature dans ce domainece domaine

Globalement, le DS a Globalement, le DS a gérnéré des résultats gérnéré des résultats immédiats avec un immédiats avec un enthousiasme et un enthousiasme et un intreêt pour mieux intreêt pour mieux comprender le SScomprender le SS

Il a touché du doigt Il a touché du doigt les rpéoccupations les rpéoccupations du citoyen tunisien du citoyen tunisien exprimées ces exprimées ces dernières annéesdernières années

Page 35: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Lessons to learn?Lessons to learn?

SD is an opportunity to SD is an opportunity to realize the right of realize the right of communities as beneficiaries communities as beneficiaries of public health care to of public health care to participate in the governance participate in the governance of the health system and of the health system and realizing the right to healthrealizing the right to health

A policy framework for SD is A policy framework for SD is needed to allow such action needed to allow such action to be fully effective and to be fully effective and support sustainabilitysupport sustainability. .

Le DS a donné aux Le DS a donné aux citoyens citoyens l’occasion l’occasion d’excercer leur d’excercer leur droit à la droit à la participation dans participation dans la prise de décisionla prise de décision

Mais le SD Mais le SD gagnerait à avoir gagnerait à avoir modèle pour être modèle pour être plus effectif plus effectif

Page 36: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Lessons to learn?Lessons to learn?(2)(2)

A strong context is A strong context is considered key to warrant considered key to warrant an environment receptive to an environment receptive to changechange

This is evidenced by some key figures e.g. the 120 hours of dialogue recorded/taped in the process.

It’s probably one of the few key attempts so far, while most of the Arab countries still fail to deliver a new social contract that satisfies the majority of their citizens

Pour avoir ce genre Pour avoir ce genre de politique, il faut de politique, il faut un context très un context très favorable capable favorable capable d’acccpeter le d’acccpeter le chagemen (la chagemen (la révolution)révolution)

C’est probablement C’est probablement un des rares un des rares exemples dans une exemples dans une région en quète d’un région en quète d’un noveau modèle noveau modèle socialsocial

Page 37: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Lessons to learn?Lessons to learn?(2)(2)

Sustainability of SD Sustainability of SD depends on availability of depends on availability of funding, accountability for funding, accountability for fund management, fund management, capacity of SD members capacity of SD members and stewardship and stewardship activities.activities.

Citizens should more Citizens should more aggressively seek to aggressively seek to obtain information on obtain information on health policies and health policies and budgets, as is their right budgets, as is their right under the newly voted under the newly voted constitutionconstitution

Mais la survie du DS Mais la survie du DS dépend de plusieurs dépend de plusieurs facteurs, dont la facteurs, dont la disponibilité de disponibilité de financement , la financement , la redevabilité et la redevabilité et la capacité des capacité des intervenants à conduire intervenants à conduire le processusle processus

Les citoyens doivent Les citoyens doivent exiger de bénéficier de exiger de bénéficier de leur droit à l’informationleur droit à l’information

Page 38: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

SD implementation gaps & threatsSD implementation gaps & threats

The mandate and status of The mandate and status of SD was not clear and SD was not clear and many political parties were many political parties were not involvednot involved

The weak institutionalization of the process is also a great concern

low level of ownership from the technocrats from the Ministry of Health – who felt left out of the consultation –

Le mandat du DS Le mandat du DS n’était pas très claire et n’était pas très claire et plusieurs parties plusieurs parties politiques ( ceux qui ont politiques ( ceux qui ont été élus pour été élus pour gouverner) n’ont pas gouverner) n’ont pas endossé le projetendossé le projet

Le DS n’a pas été Le DS n’a pas été institutionnalisé Risque institutionnalisé Risque de résistance de la part de résistance de la part de ceux qui n’ont pas de ceux qui n’ont pas été impliqués qui ne été impliqués qui ne s’approprient pas le s’approprient pas le projet projet

Page 39: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

SD implementation gaps & threats SD implementation gaps & threats

Selection process of participants, as intended (how participants were chosen and by whom?)

Many CS representatives were health professionals .

The SD has created a potential conflict of interest by allowing health providers to be part of service monitoring structures..

La sélection des La sélection des partcipants n’était partcipants n’était pas claires pas claires (comment et par (comment et par qui?)qui?)

Beaucoup de Beaucoup de représentants de la représentants de la Socité Civile étaient Socité Civile étaient en fait des en fait des professionnesprofessionnes

Risque de conflit Risque de conflit d’intêret (les d’intêret (les presttaires de presttaires de services sont eux services sont eux même des même des évaluateurs de ces évaluateurs de ces services services

Page 40: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

The threats: The political DeterminantThe threats: The political Determinant

Uncertainty is a Uncertainty is a significant feature of the significant feature of the Tunisian context Tunisian context ..

Political area Political area – 2 Projects 2 Projects – 3 visions (liberal social 3 visions (liberal social

democrate, democrate, communiste ) communiste )

– State vs MarketState vs Market

L’incertituede plane L’incertituede plane sur le devenir de la sur le devenir de la TunisieTunisie

Deux projets de Deux projets de société société

Trois visionsTrois visionsLiberale(économiquLiberale(économique) une e) une sociodémocrate) et sociodémocrate) et une communiste)une communiste)Etats vs MarchéEtats vs Marché

Page 41: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

The threats: The political DeterminantThe threats: The political Determinant

Unemployment

Marginalisation

Terrorism /necro-politic

Absence of investisme

nt

Economic and social

crisis

New uprisin

g

Page 42: Transfoming NCD Healthcare in Tunisia: Engaging Citizens in Health Policy Making through the New Social Dialogue

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention