transforming the libraries to which problems in a knowledge based society are public libraries the...
TRANSCRIPT
Transforming theTransforming theLibrariesLibraries
To which To which problems in a problems in a knowledge based knowledge based society are public society are public libraries the libraries the answer?answer?
Rolf Hapel, director Citizen Services and Public LibrariesAarhus, Denmark, August 2006
http://presentations.aakb.dk/hapel/australia2006
A few facts about DenmarkA few facts about Denmarkand Danish librariesand Danish libraries
Small country – 5.3 mill. peopleSmall country – 5.3 mill. people
Homogenous - 7% immigrantsHomogenous - 7% immigrants
Well-educated population - 2/3 upper secondary Well-educated population - 2/3 upper secondary or furtheror further
713 fixed service points and 51 bookmobiles713 fixed service points and 51 bookmobiles
Public library spending in average per capita per Public library spending in average per capita per year 100 AUS $year 100 AUS $
Spending varies from 30 AUS $ to 180 US $ per Spending varies from 30 AUS $ to 180 US $ per capita capita
16.4 loans per capita in average16.4 loans per capita in average
The libraries of the industrial The libraries of the industrial societysociety
Democracy Democracy Free and equal access to Free and equal access to
informationinformation
+ Education + Education Support to the formal Support to the formal
education systemeducation system
+ Culture+ Culture Access to cultural heritage Access to cultural heritage
and experiencesand experiences
= Success = Success 60 -70 % of population 60 -70 % of population
usersusers
Year 12 after wwwYear 12 after www
Sven Nilsson: ”Inventing the future - playing”
Society trendsSociety trendsDemography Demography
New fellow citizens
The "new elderly"
Society trendsSociety trendsThe consumerThe consumer
Increasing Increasing individualizationindividualization
The political consumerThe political consumer
Self-reliantSelf-reliant
Demand for qualityDemand for quality
Leisure time is a Leisure time is a limited resourcelimited resource
Society trendsSociety trends The social excludedThe social excluded
Social divideSocial divide
40 % of the labour force has 40 % of the labour force has no vocational educationno vocational education
15 – 20 % of population are 15 – 20 % of population are illiterate = 1 mio peopleilliterate = 1 mio people
Larger gap between Larger gap between information strong and information strong and information weak citizens?information weak citizens?
Society trendsSociety trendsThe media developmentThe media development
From text to sound and moving picturesFrom text to sound and moving pictures From analogue to digital From analogue to digital Physical mediaPhysical media PrintedPrinted MusicMusic Film and videoFilm and video Computer programmes, databases, playstation games and multimediaComputer programmes, databases, playstation games and multimedia productsproducts
Net based media typesNet based media types
Digital TV Digital TV InternetInternet Mobile devicesMobile devices ––portals, subscribed services, e-zines, advisories subject guides, tutorialsportals, subscribed services, e-zines, advisories subject guides, tutorials
Convergence
Publishers
Memomyinstitutions
Independent authorsNews media and
broadcasters
Educationinstitutions
Media Market Convergence
High Internet penetrationHigh Internet penetration Bandwith – broadband - wirelessBandwith – broadband - wireless IT everywhere – ”pervasive IT everywhere – ”pervasive
computing”computing” Mobility and portable devicesMobility and portable devices Interactive user interfaces - avatarsInteractive user interfaces - avatars Portals and personalizationPortals and personalization Web 2.0Web 2.0
Society trendsSociety trendsInformation and Communication Information and Communication
TechnologyTechnology
Tendencies on timeTendencies on time We work moreWe work more
We spend more time with our children, cooking, We spend more time with our children, cooking, shopping, domestic activities and eatingshopping, domestic activities and eating
We sleep less and spend less time doing nothingWe sleep less and spend less time doing nothing
We need leisure time and particularly We need leisure time and particularly unplannedunplanned time time Some tries to catch up by spending time on their own Some tries to catch up by spending time on their own
in the bathroom! in the bathroom!
Calmness, tranquility and absorbtion is next to come!Calmness, tranquility and absorbtion is next to come! Jesper Bo Jensen, Danish ’future’ scientistJesper Bo Jensen, Danish ’future’ scientist
Media cultureMedia culture People change behavior and standards when media
comes between them
Mobile technologies makes people in constant contact with others
Interactive media makes it possible to manipulate Interactive media makes it possible to manipulate
contact according to own needs - superficialcontact according to own needs - superficial
Social contact is additional choice – no longer Social contact is additional choice – no longer defined by institutional framework (school, defined by institutional framework (school, museums, libraries)museums, libraries)
Slowness indicates importanceSlowness indicates importance
Electronic communication index for social connectionElectronic communication index for social connection Prof. Stig Hjarvad: ”The Sociable Society”Prof. Stig Hjarvad: ”The Sociable Society”
ChallengesChallengesCompetence development and Competence development and
generation changegeneration change
No more money – probably less
Prerequisite:
The worst scenario?The worst scenario?
Better expect the worst:Better expect the worst:
Only a few will need the libraryOnly a few will need the library Google serves digital library usersGoogle serves digital library users Libraries becoming museums for Libraries becoming museums for
information handling in the industrial information handling in the industrial ageage
Librarians being custodiansLibrarians being custodians
“ – “ – only the paranoid will
only the paranoid will
survive”survive”
Andy Grove – Intel 1995
Andy Grove – Intel 1995
High demand for High demand for reinventing the institutions:reinventing the institutions:
• new ways of professionalismnew ways of professionalism• new products new products • new alliancesnew alliances
• new ways of fundingnew ways of funding
A high demand forA high demand for
changeschanges
An impossible change..An impossible change..
A self-supporting A self-supporting change…change…
..with a predictable ..with a predictable ending..ending..
R.I.P
The two options..The two options..
Work with a Work with a philosophy of philosophy of change..change..- or- or
Work with a Work with a philosophy of philosophy of change..change..- or- or
The Danish Library The Danish Library sector –a few sector –a few
characteristicscharacteristics
The Danish Library Act – 3 The Danish Library Act – 3 important principles:important principles: Core library services free of Core library services free of
chargecharge Extended or hybrid library (many Extended or hybrid library (many
obligatory media)obligatory media) Library sector seamlees service Library sector seamlees service
(public and university libraries)(public and university libraries)
The Danish National Library Authority strategy:
The hybrid library
model is the frame for
library development in
Denmark
A place that offers..
..and where there is guidance.
..access to global information..
..to collections of various media..
The Hybrid library The Hybrid library
Åby Risskov
VibyKolt Self service
Holdings in Danish LibrariesSearch and ordering facilities
e-zines and e-zines and databasesdatabases
The Net libraries are a number of virtual libraries or subject portals produced or co-produced by Danish public and research libraries in cooperation
Libraries NetguideLibraries Netguide
Started 1998Started 1998
29 active libraries and 120 librarians29 active libraries and 120 librarians
5000 evaluated and annotated links5000 evaluated and annotated links
Question and answering serviceQuestion and answering service
Started 1999Started 1999
Jointly operated by 39 public and 13 Jointly operated by 39 public and 13 university research librariesuniversity research libraries
Chat function with pre-defined Chat function with pre-defined communication, software that allows communication, software that allows librarian to ”take over” user´s screenlibrarian to ”take over” user´s screen
Training programme for library staffTraining programme for library staff
Fiction literature portalFiction literature portal
Started spring 2000Started spring 2000
Editor based in Aarhus, production distributed Editor based in Aarhus, production distributed
55 member libraries – all producers 55 member libraries – all producers
Cooperation with nation wide TV broadcast Cooperation with nation wide TV broadcast
Many features including e-Zine with e-mail notification, (3000 Many features including e-Zine with e-mail notification, (3000 subscribers), counselling, articles, database on comtemporary authors, subscribers), counselling, articles, database on comtemporary authors, possibilities to place requsitions and holds on more than 90 libraries, possibilities to place requsitions and holds on more than 90 libraries, web-services, weblogweb-services, weblog
1,5 mill. user sessions (2004) 3,4 mill page views1,5 mill. user sessions (2004) 3,4 mill page views
Video on demand
Aarhus PhotosAarhus Photos
ÅrhusbillederÅrhusbilleder, based on the database of the , based on the database of the jointly operated ”Danske Billeder” (Danish jointly operated ”Danske Billeder” (Danish Photos), co-operation between six libraries, Photos), co-operation between six libraries, Local history, searchable in jpeg-formatLocal history, searchable in jpeg-format