Xiaolin Zhang National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences

2013.09.24

Transforming the Repository, the Collections, and the Library

into A Users’ Open Innovation Lab

Transforming into a Users’ OpenInno Lab

• 1. 3O Convergence: Transformed world? • 2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm shift? • 3. From Collection Library to Creation Library

1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities

• Chinese Academy of Sciences

A “National Team” representing the basic and strategic S&T research in China

A “Super University” training next-generation scientists, engineers and

innovators

A “Pioneer” in the reform of China’s R&D

system

A “Think Tank” advising the Government on

major S&T issues

An “Engine” driving China to become an innovative

society

CAS

103 research institutes in 30+ cities 50,000+ researchers 50,000+ graduate students (about half doctoral students)

1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities

• ETD at Chinese Academy of Sciences – All theses and dissertations are in digital formats

• Metadata searchable openly • First 16 pages accessible within CAS • Full text retrievable within the Institute • ILL through NSL

– Current ones are digitally & centrally managed through UCAS’ ARP

1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities

• 3O: Open Access, Open Computable Knowledge, Open Innovation • (1) Open access to papers & data

– OA journals: 9929, DOAJ, 2013.09 – OA repositories: 3483, ROAR, 2013.09 – OA papers: 50 million, BASE, 2013.08 – OA share of academic papers:

• 2013 Gold OA: 14.4%--18.8%, David Lewis, 2013 • For 2004-2011 by 2013: 45-50%, Science Metrix, 2013.08

– Time to reach 90% OA • 2019 to 2025, Science Metrix, 2013.08

• Funders’ push for OA: point of no return

US OSTP Directive for Open Access

Horizon 2020 Science Europe

JST DFG

• (1) Open access to papers & data • Open data is becoming the norm of R &Gov

G8 Open Data Charter 18 June 2013

US Executive Order for Open Data

EC Communication for Open Data

1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities

• (2) Openly computable knowledge • Born open and digital is born different

– The rise of libre open access • Peter Suber, SPARC OA Newsletter, June 2, 2012

– PLoS and SPARC “How open is it” • Reusable & machine-readable

– Open Content Mining Declaration • OKF WG-OA, June 1, 2012

Demand CC_BY Licenses by funders RCUK, EU Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust……

Open for computation: A Liberating Force for both information and research

http://old.cni.org/staff/cliffpubs/opencomputation.htm

1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities

• (2) Openly computable knowledge • Smart content is already with us!

Schema.org

Semantic publishing Open data openly computable

LOD Cloud. Cyganiak & Jentzsch

Actionability of Content •STM Publishing Industry: •2012 Technology Trend Watch,

1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities

• (3) Open innovation is everyone’s weapon • Open Innovation • Uncertainties & complexities of

• Needs, behaviors, and markets • Multiplicity and availability of

• Knowledge, talents, and resources • Ease of collaboration & marketability of innovation • Open Science • GenBank, Foldit, Galaxy Zoo, eBird, Wiki, … • Amplifying collective intelligence

• Long-tail talents, Latent micro-expertise, Ingenuity Gap, Designed serendipity, ……

• Successful Factors • Scale up collaboration, cognitive diversity,

modularize the collaboration, • Shared body of knowledge and techniques • Capability to re-use, modify, build upon ……

1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities

• (3) Open innovation is everyone’s weapon • Open Service Innovation • Provide innovation resources, tools, & opportunities

• Not just static, non-workable “final” products • Making oneself an innovation platform

• Support user-driven innovation & development • Knowledge as the innovation tools right into the

hands of the users and the user processes

1. 3O Convergence: Challenges & Opportunities

Transforming into a Users’ OpenInno Lab

• 1. 3O Convergence: A Transformed world? • 2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift? • 3. From Collection Library to Creation Library

• (1) Where we are heading into?

2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift?

Ithaka Lib survey 2010

• (2) Revisit the ways of information consumption • Who, is doing what, and how

Personal Passive Reading

Analytic & Associative exploration

Interactive & Collaborative Reuse & Recreation

Interactive Data Visualization for Rapid Understanding of Scientific Literature Cody Dunne

STM Annual Spring Conference April 26-28, 2011

2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift?

2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift?

• (3) Re-locate the hot spots of information services • What, where, and by whom

Library

Information Provision

Knowledge application

R & D & L Processes

Librarians Info specialists

Knowledge users & creators

Of users, for users, and by users

To user, for users and passive users

• (4) Re-define the ways to support R&I • 授人以鱼，不如授人以渔 • Teach a man how to fish is better than just give him a fish

Dynamic Complexities of user needs and

behaviors

Infinite possibilities of applications & innovation

Actionable Knowledge

Customizable K-Tools

Support Communities Networked

availability of talents and intelligence

2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift?

• (5) Re-define the roles of a knowledge organization • Is Your Library a Grocery Store or a Kitchen?

• http://www.nwaea.k12.ia.us/index.cfm/19665/947/uliyour_library_a_grocery_store_or_a_kitchen

• From collection libraries to creation libraries • ALA Confronting the Future, 2011

3O convergence

User Solutions Knowledge-driven

innovation capability

Library’s effectiveness in supporting R&D&L

Data & Library

2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift?

• (6) It is an innovation & growth strategy

2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift?

• (7) It is an effective way to innovate services The Digital Agenda Scoreboard: interactively create graphs to view the data you are interested in, with respect to the targets set out in the Digital Agenda

http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/graphs

2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm Shift?

The Country Profiles: country indicators which range from population and living conditions, labour, health and safety, education, economy and finance, business, environment, energy, etc. http://open-data.europa.eu/en/apps#app6

StatPlanet World Bank apps：http://www.statsilk.com/downloads data： http://data.worldbank.org/

Smart Cities and the Future Internet: Towards Cooperation Frameworks for Open Innovation. Hans Schaffers, et. al, 2013

Hacking the BBC: A Backstage

Transforming into a Users’ OpenInno Lab

• 1. 3O Convergence: A Transformed world? • 2. Redefine the Business: A Paradigm shift? • 3. From Collection Library to Creation Library

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries

• (1) Innovation in an Open Knowledge context • KaaS = Knowledge as a Service

• New tools, new services, and new knowledge

• User needs, workflows, and context • • Data intensive innovation • (data extraction, integration, analysis, re-create, …) • • open & computable knowledge/tools

• knowledge infrastructure & innovation services

• A Changed Game!

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries

http://labs.bl.uk/

British Library Labs and competition. Mahendra Mahey, 21 May, 2013

People from BL Advisory Board Digital Scholarship

Team Access/Reuse working

group Library Curators Labs People

Resources from BL BNB Data UK Web Archive

Data 19th Century

Digitised Books International

Dunhuang Project

Environment and Nature Sounds

Book ordering data Resonance FM

Activities at the Lab Labs Competitions Labs Services Labs Hackdays Disseminating findings Content to be used with

Labs

Research tools Corpus Analysis tools Visualisations Topic Models Location based searching Geotagging Annotation APIs for datasets e.g. Metadata, Images Crowdsourcing / Human Computation Natural Language Processing Transcribing

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries

http://www.openinnovation.cn Open data at NSL NSL catalogues Union Catalogue CAS ETD metadata CSCD citation data CAS IR metadata OpenKOS ……

Open tools 500+ Extracting &

text mining Analysing Formatting Mashing-up Transforming Visualizing GISing…… Services Reference Data seminars Tool seminars Group meetings Show-off time Applications Labs

People at NSL Data specialists Tool specialists Policy consultants Site helpers Subject advisors

Open data at third parties 1600+ Research data Social & economic

open data Open archives Library data ……

Crowd-sourced Indexing,

Classification, & annotation,

Open linking with other types of information

Text-mining visualization of the knowledge

pool

Adding apps for non-textual materials

Developing impact analysis metrics, workflows, tools

Dynamically embedding IR

content into R&L processes

……… ………

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries

• (2) Re-develop knowledge infrastructure • Make library data open data

– Develop lib data into open data • Open data policies

– Require reuse rights from publishers • Open access with CC_BY • Demand reuse licenses

http://openbiblio.net/principles/

http://blog.okfn.org/2012/06/01/the-right-to-read-is-the-right-to-mine/

Rights for open reuse Heather Piwowar vs. Elsevier http://www.arl.org/sparc/media/pushing-frontier-access-for-text-mining-Piwowar-interview.shtml, May 2012 Open Content Mining Declaration Draft, OKF WG-OA, June 1, 2012 Unrestricted right of subscribers to extract, process and republish content manually or by machine in whatever form without prior specific permissions and subject only to community norms of responsible behaviors.

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries

• (2) Re-develop knowledge infrastructure • How to make data open

– Guidelines for Open Data Policies, Sunlight Foundation, V2, August 2013

• 1. Mandate open formats for government data • 2. Require public information to be posted online • 3. Remove restrictions for accessing information • 4. Remove restrictions on reuse of information • 5. Require publishing metadata or other documentation • 6. Mandate the use of unique identifiers • 7. Require digitization and distribution of archival materials • 8. Create a portal or website devoted to data publication or policy • 9. Publish bulk data • 10. Create public APIs for accessing information • 11. Mandate electronic filing • 12. Mandate ongoing data publication and updates • 13. Create permanent, lasting access to data • 14. Build on the values, goals, and mission of the community and government

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries

• (2) Re-develop knowledge infrastructure • How to make data open while protecting legitimate interests

– UK Open Data White Paper, 2012

• 1. Protect privacy • 2. Protect copyright

– Respect the rights of the copyright holders – Follow the rights instructions of the third party providers

• 2. Protect legitimate concerns of competition and security – Open some layers or facets of data, or at different times for different data – E.g., CSCD simple citation data but not yet citation network data

• 3. Protect the effective functioning of the services – Limiting the quantity or frequency of access to data – Tracking the access, or Registering the access

• 4. Protect the public use – No commercial use?

• 5. Protect oneself – Data provided as it is, and no harmful use against law

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (2) Re-develop knowledge infrastructure • How to require re-use rights from publishers

– Transformative use is fair use! – Publishers’ License: Text and Data Mining Licenses for Europe, Carlo

Scollo Lavizzari, legal counsel, STM, 29 May 2013 • clause 1 – use of Content (non commercial research)

– Content: access, download, extract, index Content; locally load & normalise Content for projects

– Output: include output in research papers; present Output within limits on open web

– Communication: communicate results for non-commercial objectives and without substituting publishers’ products or data sets.

• • clause 2 – prohibited use of content – Content: translate or modify original Content permit 3rd party harvesting

Content ; reproduce/retain systematically or redistribute content; extract or use commercially

– Derivatives, rights information, downloading: no derivatives that compete with publishers’ products/services;

– Other: tamper with rights information or meta data; systematic whole-sale downloading by robots, spiders;

• • clause 3 – security, rights, formats, mechanisms

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (3) Re-develop knowledge service capabilities • Position oneself as THE open k-infrastructure manager

Defining an open access resource strategy for research libraries: Part III—The Strategies and Practices of National Science Library. Xiaolin ZHANG, et al. CJLIS, 2012

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (3) Re-develop knowledge service capabilities • Knowing the data and data standards

Open Data Access Policies and Strategies in the European Research Area and Beyond August 2013 Science Metrix

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (3) Re-develop knowledge service capabilities • Knowing the tools

Numeric Data Visualisation Tools: In Open Data: projects, tools, initiatives. By Stuart Macdonald • Data360 - (http://www.data360.org) • Many Eyes - (http://services.alphaworks.ibm.com/manyeyes/home) • Swivel - (http://www.swivel.com/) • Gapminder – (http://www.gapminder.org/downloads/applications/) • StatCrunch – (http://www.statcrunch.com/) • Graphwise – (http://www.graphwise.com/)

• Numbrary – (http://numbrary.com/)

• Infochimps – (http://infochimps.org/home)

• Dabble – (http://dabbledb.com/) • CKAN (incl. Open Economics) – (http://www.ckan.net/)

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (3) Re-develop knowledge service capabilities • Knowing the research process and its info/knowledge needs

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (4) Re-model the services • Support user-driven data intensive R&D&L&I

• Zhang, X. The trends disrupting • digital libraries. Journal of • Chinese Library Society, 2011

Digital Library

Resources S/R/R

Users

Open knowledge Innovation Services

Open Computable Knowledge

R&D Problems

R&D processes

Do they need this? YES! Do they have the open computable knowledge? YES SOON! Can libraries do this? NO if by traditional ways! Exactly a paradigm shift needed!

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (4) Re-model the services • Libraries as an open innovation lab

KaaS

Open info resources

Open reuse policies

Information Commons

OpenInno Support engines

OpenK Re-organizers

R&I Commons

Lib as Lab

Open K Commons

Open access policies

OpenK production

engines

Tools Commons

Innovation communities

OpenK Labs

Internet

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (4) Re-model the services • Challenges:

– Prisoners of mostly commercial textual collections – Not familiar with data, tools, and research & learning – Not trusted by users into their R&D processes – ……

• But bigger challenges: – The Empire Strikes Back – http://scitechsociety.blogspot.sg/2013/08/the-empire-strikes-back.html#!/2013/08/the-

empire-strikes-back.html, Eric Van de Velde, 2013.08

– Direct-to-scholar provision by publishers – Research and learning services by publishers – Solution providers to R&L, not publishers any more – ……

3. From collection libraries to creation libraries • (5) Redefine the Business • Think out of box

– Who are we? • Research & learning support specialists • Doctors & Lawyers are not confined with concrete resources

– What are our resources? • Open computable knowledge • Capabilities to make best use of that knowledge?

– How do we contribute to our users • Help them do their research or learning best

– What this means in a e-research & e-learning era? – What are our core competitiveness?

• Working with interaction of users & knowledge? – What this means in a data intensive innovation time?

– A paradigm shift, and a Leap of Faith? • And a uncertain future to be created by those got there first

•谢谢！ • zhangxl@mail.las.ac.cn

• http://ir.las.ac.cn

Transforming the Repository, the Collections, and the Library

into A Users’ Open Innovation Lab