transgenic tech

8/3/2019 Transgenic Tech

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TRANSGENIC ANIMAL

Dr. Sharad sharma


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CONTENTS

Introduction

Description

Application Effect


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WHAT IS TRANSGENIC ANIMAL?

Transgenics animals are genetically modified organisms with

DNA from another source inserted into their genome and process

known as transgensis.

A large number of transgenic animals have been created such as

Mice, Cows, Pigs, Sheep, Goats , Fish etc.


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METHODS

Microinjection

Embryonic stem cells mediated genetransfer.

Retrovirus mediated gene transfer


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MICROINJECTION

Discovered by-- Gordon and Ruddle, 1981

Involves-- direct microinjection of a chosen gene construct into the

fertilized ovum.

Implantation of these eggs into a surrogate mother.

One of the first methods that proved to be effective in mammals.


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PROCESS


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Advantage It is applicable to a wide variety of species.

Disadvantages There is a probability that the introduced gene will not insert itself

into a site on the host

Successful microinjection causes swelling of pronucleus.


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RETROVIRALVECTORS MEDIATED

GENE TRANSFER

Retroviruses are used as vectors to transfer genetic material into

the cell.

Viral vector is modified so that it will not cause disease in host

embryo.

Retrovirus is transfered to embryo.

Implantation of these embryo into a surrogate mother.


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PROCESS


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Advantage

A single copy of the transgene is integrated into the genome.

Increase the probability of expression.

Disadvantage Time and labor-intensive process to prepare the viral vector.


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EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS MEDIATED

GENE TRANSFER

Prior insertion of the desired DNA sequence into an in vitro

culture of embryonic stem (ES) cells.

Introduced by means of a vector or by electroporation.

ES cells are injected directly into a normal blastocyst embryo,thento recepient mother.


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PROCESS


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Advantage

Allow testing for transgenes at the cell stage.

Disadvantage

It takes very much time.


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APPLICATION

Medical importance

Use to discover some drugs and see impact of drug, vaccines.

Gene therapy Play role in treatment of various disorders.

Finland scientist discover a calf that carry gene, promote growth

of red blood cell in humans.


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Xenotransplantation Scientist are working on transgenic pig to develop human organ,

so that human organ transplantation can be done.

Pharmaceuticals Used to produce insulin, growth hormone and blood clotting factor

in transgenic animals.

Product conveniently appears in the milk of the animal.


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PHARMING PRODUCTS CURRENTLY IN DEVELOPMENT

Animal Drug/protein Use

sheep alpha1 anti trypsin deficiency leads to emphysema

cow alpha-lactalbumin anti-infection

cow factor VIII treatment of hemophilia

cow fibrinogen wound healing

pig factor VIII, IX treatment of hemophilia

chicken, cow, goat monoclonal antibodies other vaccine production


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Disease resistance Produce disease-resistant animals, such as influenza-resistant pigs.

Quality Transgenic cows exist that produce more milk or milk with less

lactose or cholesterol.

Industrial Scientist inserted spider gene into goat which produce silk used to

produce army uniform,tenis racket etc.


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TRANSGENIC FISH

Tilapia

Salmon/trout

Catfish

Can grow up to 6 times faster than wildtype fish

Most have extra copies of growth hormone (GH) gene

Transgenic

Wildtype


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TRANSGENIC CATTLE

Dairy cows carrying extra copies of two types of casein genes

produce 13% more milk protein.

The milk is more nutritious, it would allow for less milk to make

more cheese.


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TRANSGENIC RABBIT

Alba is a transgenic rabbit.

It contains a jellyfish gene that makes her glow green when

illuminated with the light.

Eduardo Kac injected green fluorescent protein (GFP) of a Pacific

Northwest jellyfish into the fertilized egg of an albino rabbit.


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EFFECT OF TRANSGENIC ORGANISM

Risk of altering ecosystems.

Transgenic biotechnology presents challenges, such as healthrisks.

Transgenic technology holds great potential in agriculture,

medicine, and industry.


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Thank you

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