Transitive or IntransitiveSit, Set, Lie, Lay, Rise and Raise

Subject-Verb agreementPronoun-Verb Agreement

Main and HelpingAction or Linking

Regular and IrregularTense

Verb Review

Transitive and IntransitiveA transitive verb is a verb that expresses an

action TOWARD a person, place, thing or idea. The action passes from the doer (subject) to the receiver (direct object-D.O.)

Example: Tamisha entertained the child. Transitive verbs are always ACTION VERBS.

An intransitive verb tells something about the subject or expresses action without passing to a receiver or object.

*Intransitive verbs DO NOT have a Direct Object!Example: My cousin plays every week.Intransitive verbs may be action or linking.

Transitive or Intransitive?The girl scout gathered her Samoas and Tagalongs

and sold them at the local Kroger.The girl scout gathered her Samoas and Tagalongs

and sold them at the local Kroger.This sentence has a direct object, so it is transitive.

The reported details of the crash were terrifying.The reported details of the crash were terrifying.

(terrifying is a predicate adjective)This sentence has no direct object, so it is

intransitive.

Sit, Set, Lie, Lay, Rise and RaiseSit –to rest in an upright positionSet- to put or place an objectLie – to rest or reclineLay – to put or place an objectRise – to get up or go upRaise – to move something up, to grow

something, or to increase

*sit and lie refer to a resting position*set and lay mean to “put an object

somewhere”

Sit, Set, Lie, Lay, Rise and Raise

Carrie and Joan _____ early each morning and drink coffee.Carrie and Joan rise early each morning and drink coffee.

The sun has _____ earlier than usual since the time changed.

The sun has risen earlier than usual since the time changed.

The sun has set earlier than usual since the time changed.

I _____ at 6:30 this morning.I rose at 6:30 this morning.

Subject-Verb agreementThe girls (is, are) ready for the basketball game.The girls (is, are) ready for the basketball game.

The coach (will call, called) a time-out and talked about new plays.

The coach (will call, called) a time-out and talked about new plays.

The fans will now (observed, observe) the end of the game.

The fans will now (observed, observe) the end of the game.

Subject-Verb AgreementIdentify the tense of the underlined verb or

verb phrase.The cat sits quietly.PresentJulie is eating her hot dog.Present participleThe mother rocked the baby to soothe his

crying.PastWill you stay calm during the fire drill?future

Subject-Verb AgreementIdentify the tense of the underlined verb or verb phrase.Erin has worn that shirt before.Present perfect and Past participle (they are the same)Ms. Agent will have covered ratios before the MCT2 test.Future perfectHad you driven past Malco Grand before today?Past perfectRemain calm!Present

Pronoun-Verb AgreementIdentify the tense of the underlined verb or verb phrase.** Remember singular subjects have a verb that end in -sHe and Mary (has been, have been) partners all week.have been – he and Mary are pluralChelsea and they (is going, are going) to the mall after school.are going – Chelsea and they is plural(Is, Are) anyone attending the meeting in the morning?Is – anyone is singularSome of the marbles (has been, have been) lost.Have been – marbles is plural*If something is countable its is plural (fruit, kids).*If something is not countable it is singular (water, sand).

Pronoun - AntecedentsThe antecedent is the word or word group that the

pronoun represents.The pronoun should agree in number and gender

with its antecedent.For example:

The stable is large. It has stalls for thirty horses.

My aunt sold her car.Nobody in the class finished his or her paper

early.Either Miguel or Randall had his paintings on

display.

Main and Helping VerbsA verb may be a singular word or consist of

several words known as a verb phrase. Main verb – the verb that carries the

meaning of the action or state of being. The dog barked all night.

Helping (auxiliary) verb – A verb that comes before the main verb in a verb phrase and helps to express action or state of being.

The dog has been fed by now.

Main and Helping VerbsIdentify the verb as main or helping.The cat sits quietly.Main verbJulie is eating her hot dog.Helping verbThe mother rocked the baby to soothe his crying.Main verbWill you stay calm during the fire drill?Helping verb

Action and Linking VerbsLinking Verb – expresses state of being

and connects the subject to a predicate nominative or predicate adjective.

The firefighters grew tired by the end of the night.

Action Verb – expresses either mental or physical activity

Sharon misunderstood my question.

Action and Linking VerbsIdentify the verb as action or linking.You can be stubborn at times.Linking verbHe grew weary running up and down the platform.Linking VerbThey will hear the expression in my voice.Action verbWill you stay calm during the fire drill?Action verb

Action and Linking VerbsIdentify the verb as action or linking.You are frustrating at times.Linking verbHe seemed tired after track practice.Linking VerbThey will note the irony in my tone.Action verbWill you develop the film on my camera?Action verb

Regular and Irregular VerbsRegular verbs – a verb that forms its past

tense by adding –d or –ed to the base (the base is the infinitive form without “to.”) walk, walked, have walked, will walk, had walked, has walked, will have walked.

Irregular Verbs – a verb that forms its past tense in another way besides adding –d or –ed. Sing, sang, have sung.

Regular and Irregular VerbsBase Present

ParticiplePast Past

Participle

wash is washing washed have washed

run is running ran have run

go is going gone have gone

use is using used have used

write is writing wrote have written

teach is teaching taught have taught

raise is raising raised have raised

regular

irregular

irregular

irregular

irregular

irregular

regular

Conjugate the tensesMain Verb

Present

Past Future Past Perfect

Present Perfect

Future Perfect

eat

swim

set

sit

lie

lay

rise

raise

hear

eat ate will eat

had eaten

have eaten

will have eaten

swim

swam will swim

had swum

have swum

will have swum

sit sat will sit had sat have sat will have satlie lay will lie had lain have

lainwill have lain

lay laid will lay had laid have laid

will have laid

raise

raised will raise

had raised

have raised

will have raised

rise rose will rise

had risen

have risen

will have risen

set set will set

had set have set will have set

hear

heard will hear

had heard

have heard

will have heard

Putting It All TogetherThe second-largest island of the United States,

Kodiak Island, (is, are) located in the Gulf of Alaska. The thirteen thousand people on Kodiak Island (is, are) mostly of Scandinavian, Russian, or Native Arctic descent. The citizens of Kodiak (call, calls) Alaska the mainland. Sacks of mail (is, are) flown there from the mainland. Industries in the community, originally known as Kikhtak, (include, includes) farming, fishing, and mining. One cannery on the island (cans, can) salmon eggs, or roe. Many residents on the mainland (considers, consider) roe a delicacy. Bears on this island (catch, catches) fresh salmon. However, their search for leftovers often (create, creates) problems for Kodiak. The officials of one town (has, have) had to put a special bear-proof fence around the garbage dump.(Source- p. 174 Language)

isare

call are

cansconsider

catchcreates

have

include

Agreement with Pronouns PracticeChoose the correct word in parentheses.

Nearly everybody in Ruby Lee’s family (enjoy, enjoys) tomato soup.

Neither of them (was, were) wearing a helmet.Each of the songs (is, are) by Josephine Marie.Someone in the crowd (is, are) waving a pennant,

but I can’t tell whether it’s Nick.No one (was, were) listening to the speaker.(Do, Does) either of them know how?Most of the balloons (has, have) long strings.All of the girls wearing purple uniforms (play, plays)

on the softball team.Few of those songs (was, were) composed by Duke

Ellington.

enjoys

wasis

is

Doeswas

have

play

were

Let’s See What You Know…Which sentence does not use a present

tense verb?a.Quickly, go to the mines and collect as

many diamonds as you can.b.Put the diamonds in this bucket, but do not

approach the mines if it is too dangerous.c. If he had not returned in time, the balloon

would have launched without him.d.Run to the platform and take the tarps off

of the balloons.

Answer

Which sentence does not use a present tense verb?a.Quickly, go to the mines and collect as many diamonds as you can.b.Put the diamonds in this bucket, but do not approach the mines if it is too dangerous.c.If he had not returned in time, the balloon would have launched without him.d.Run to the platform and take the tarps off of the balloons.

Let’s Try Another One…Which of the following sentences contains an

adverb clause and a future perfect verb?a.Will you have completed your homework

before you go to the basketball game tonight?b.Had you completed your homework on time,

you would not be in this predicament.c.Has your father taught you how to fish in the

deep blue sea?d.Will you have completed that project in time?

AnswerWhich of the following sentences contains an

adverb clause and a future perfect verb?a.Will you have completed your homework

before you go to the basketball game tonight?b.Had you completed your homework on time,

you would not be in this predicament.c.Has your father taught you how to fish in the

deep blue sea?d.Will you have completed that project in time?

And again…Which of the following sentences is compound-

complex and contains a future tense verb?A. He must have had a horrible time of it, for he was not

only being thrashed by the bending trees and wind-whipped underbrush of the jungle but was also going up and down with the sickening motion of Krakatoa’s surface.

B. The noise was formidable and the waves caused so much damage that the people moved away from the tips of the islands in great haste.

C. I am going to sell these cuff links, build myself a balloon which I will christen the Globe the Second, and I shall attach to this balloon a basket house and a seagull catcher on which I am now working.

D. I assure you that I must have been awfully close to death when Captain Simon of the S.S. Cunningham sighted me and picked me up twenty minutes after my crash.

Answer…Which of the following sentences is compound-

complex and contains a future tense verb?A. He must have had a horrible time of it, for he was not

only being thrashed by the bending trees and wind-whipped underbrush of the jungle but was also going up and down with the sickening motion of Krakatoa’s surface.

B. The noise was formidable and the waves cuased so much damage that the people moved away from the tips of the islands in great haste.

C. I am going to sell these cuff links, build myself a balloon which I will christen the Globe the Second, and I shall attach to this balloon a basket house and a seagull catcher on which I am now working.

D. I assure you that I must have been awfully close to death when Captain Simon of the S.S. Cunningham sighted me and picked me up twenty minutes after my crash.

Last one…Which of the following sentences does not use at

least one regular verb in the past tense?A. The residents crafted a unique contraption

that allowed them to escape the island during a volcanic eruption.

B. The captain commissioned his crew to save Professor Sherman’s life.

C. The noise was formidable and the waves caused so much damage that the people moved away from the tips of the island.

D. They brought with them all of the food from Mrs. D.’s kitchen.

Answer…Which of the following sentences does not use at

least one regular verb in the past tense?A. The residents crafted a unique contraption

that allowed them to escape the island during a volcanic eruption.

B. The captain commissioned his crew to save Professor Sherman’s life.

C. The noise was formidable and the waves caused so much damage that the people moved away from the tips of the island.

D. They brought with them all of the food from Mrs. D.’s kitchen.