transmission therapy the 4l30e files - … this edition of transmission therapy, ... mp le u ti on...

26 GEARS August 2003

TRANSMISSION THERAPY

W hen diagnosing a transmis-sion electrical problem, it’soften necessary to monitor

signals by back-probing the computerconnector. However, 1990-93 Troopersand 1991-93 Rodeos make this taskvery difficult for two reasons. First, theconnector looks as though it’s impossi-ble to back-probe (figure 1). Second,once you access the connector, yousoon learn that there are absolutely novoltage specifications available...any-

by Larry Frash

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

The computer connector looks impossible to back-probe.

Remove this screw that holds the shieldto the connector

shield

Remove tape from rubber boot

The 4L30E Files:

trooper pooper3.qxd 7/10/03 4:02 PM Page 26

GEARS August 2003 27

where. This lack of information makesit very difficult to diagnose these vehi-cles. Even though these vehicles areover 10 years old, something had to bedone.

In this edition of TransmissionTherapy, we’ll show you how to accessthe computer connector and supply youwith the voltage specifications. Thisinformation is often useful when diag-nosing trouble codes and driveabilityproblems. Then we’ll cover coderetrieval and focus on the most com-mon solenoid codes.

Back-probing the ComputerThe first step when trying to back-

probe the computer connector is tolocate the computer: Look for it behindthe driver’s side of the dash, to the leftof the steering column. Then followthese easy steps:

• Unbolt the transmission com-puter from its bracket.

• Disconnect the computer andremove the screw that holdsthe shield to the connector(figure 2).

• Remove the tape from the rub-ber boot (figure 3) and slidethe shield up the harness andaway from the connector (fig-ure 4).

• Once you have the shieldremoved, plug the connectorback into the computer (figure5).

That solves the first problem: Nowyou can back-probe the computer con-nector.

Figure 6 shows the computer con-nector as viewed from the wire side.Figure 7 (page 30), lists the function ofeach pin, with the correct voltage val-ues.

Code Retrieval

90-91Look for a two pin diagnostic con-

nector, located under the dash, behindthe hood release. Ground the wire thatis yellow with a black stripe.

92-93Look for a three pin diagnostic

connector, located under the dash to the

left of the center console. Ground thewire that is yellow with a black stripe.

Some of these connectors are hardto find and often rest next to similar-looking connectors. If you can’t findthe diagnostic connector or aren’t surewhich one to use, you can simplyground pin 25 at the computer connec-tor on all 1990-93 models.

Reading Trouble Codes The “Check Trans” light will flash

the codes. The first set of flashes indi-cate the tens digits, a short pause andthen the ones digits. For example, todisplay a code 43, the computer wouldflash the “Check Trans” light fourtimes, a short pause, then flash threemore times. The computer will repeateach code three times, with a longpause between each code. Even withoutany problems, the first code will alwaysbe a code 12. This simply means thatthe computer is in diagnostic mode. Seefigure 8 (page 32), for a complete codelist.

1-2/3-4, 2-3 & Band ApplySolenoids system tests

We’ll call these three solenoids themain case solenoids. During initialstart-up, the computer runs the solenoidcircuits through a series of tests. Themain case solenoids must pass all threetests.

Test one:The computer checks for a short to

ground on pins 43, 45 and 48 (figure 9,page 32). If there is a short to ground onany of these three circuits, the comput-er will set solenoid shorted to groundcodes (17, 26 and/or 35), turn off allthree solenoid drivers (transistors in thecomputer) and stop testing. This willcause the transmission to be in failsafe.If all three circuits pass this test, thecomputer will go to test two.

Test two:The main case solenoids are sup-

plied ground from the computerthrough what we’ll call the groundrelay, located inside the computer (fig-ure 10, page 32). Before the computerturns the ground relay on, it monitorsthe solenoid side of the relay by pulsingthe three main case solenoid drivers on

trooper pooper3.qxd 7/10/03 4:02 PM 7

and off several times. Since the relay isopen, the computer expects to see thevoltage alternate 0-12-0-12… on pin54 (figure 11, page 32). If the comput-er only sees 12 volts (figure 12, page34), it knows there is either a short toB+ or one of the solenoid drivers isstuck on. If the computer only sees zerovolts on pin 54 (figure 13, page 34), itknows that either the circuit is shortedto ground, has an open in all three sole-noids or all three solenoid drivers arestuck off. In either of these situations,the computer will set a code 43 and notturn the relay on. Once a code 43 is setthe computer will also turn all threesolenoid drivers off and stop testing.Keep in mind, the computer only puls-es the solenoids for about 0.25 secondsduring this test and is best seen with anLED or an oscilloscope.

If the ground relay passes this test,the relay is turned on and suppliesground to the three main case solenoidsallowing test three to begin. Note:Because the computer stops monitoringthe ground circuit once the relay isturned on, a code 43 will not set afterthe initial test is complete, even if thereis an intermittent open in the groundcircuit.

Test three:Once the ground relay is closed

and supplies ground to the main casesolenoids, the computer can check foropen circuits and shorts to B+ on pins43, 45 and 48 (figure 14, page 34). Ifthere are, the computer will set sole-noid codes for open or shorted to B+(25, 28 and/or 34) and turn all threesolenoid drivers off. Keep in mind, ifthe ground relay contacts are burnt, thecomputer will think there is an open inall three main case solenoids.However, because the computer onlymonitors the solenoid side of theground relay (pin 54), it will not set acode 43 even though the ground relayis bad.

During normal operation, thecomputer is constantly checking forshorts to ground, open circuits andshorts to B+ on pins 43, 45 and 48. Ifany main case solenoid code is set, thecomputer will turn all three solenoiddrivers off and turn off the groundrelay.

DiagnosisTo diagnose any main case sole-

noid codes including code 43, discon-

nect the computer. With the key on,engine off, check for positive voltageon pins 43, 45, 48 and 54 and then


Figure 4

Slide the shield up the harness andaway from the connectorconnector

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

Figure 5

Once you haveremoved theshield, plug theconnectorback into thecomputer.

Figure 6Connector viewed from the wire side.

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PinFunction Condition Signal

1 A/C Request AC off 0 VAC on B+

2 Cruise Control3 N/A - -4 N/A - -5 N/A - -6 TPS Idle 0.5 V

Full Throttle 4.5 V7 Power Mode Indicator Not in Power Mode (Light Off) B+

In Power Mode (Light On) 0 V8 Range Selector Pin C Manual P, R & N 0 V

Manual D, 3, 2 & L B+9 N/A - -10 Winter Mode Indicator Not in Winter Mode (Light Off) B+

In Winter Mode (Light On) 0 V11 Engine RPM 91-92 Frequency varies with

Rodeo, 90-91 Trooper engine rpm12 N/A - -13 Diagnostic - -14 VSS Ground Always < 0.10 V15 Kickdown Switch All Except Full Throttle B+

Full Throttle 0 V16 Ground Always < 0.10 V17 Ground Always < 0.10 V18 Ground Always < 0.10 V19 Ground Always < 0.10 V20 VSS Signal Vehicle Stopped 0 V AC

Vehicle Moving > 0.5 VAC21 A/C Cut Relay22 Fluid Temp 32° F (0° C) 4.4 V

68° F (20° C) 3.6 V176° F (80° C) 1.0 V248° F (120° C) 0.4 V

23 Range Selector Pin A Manual N, D & L 0 VManual P, R, 3 & 2 B+

24 5 V Reference Voltage Key Off 0 VKey On 5 V

25 Diagnostic Enable Normal B+During Code Retrieval 0 V

26 Range Selector Pin B Manual P, 2 & L 0 VManual R, N, D & 3 B+

27 N/A - -28 Keep Alive Power Always B+29 Check Trans Indicator Check Trans Light Off B+

Check Trans Light On 0 V

PinFunction Condition Signal

30 Coolant Temp Engine Temp Cold B+Engine Temp Warm 0 V

31 Winter Mode Switch Switch Released B+Switch Depressed 0 V

32 N/A - -33 Range Selector Pin G Manual R, D & 2 0 V

Manual P, N, 3 & L B+34 Power Mode Switch Switch Released B+

Switch Depressed 0 V35 N/A - -36 Ground Always < 0.10 V37 Ignition Key Off 0 V

Key On B+38 TCC Solenoid Lockup Off 0 V

Lockup On B+39 Brake Switch Brake Pedal Released B+

Brake Pedal Depressed 0 V40 Force Motor High Minimum Pressure 1.0 Amp

Maximum Pressure 0.1 Amp41 Force Motor Low Minimum Pressure 1.0 Amp

Maximum Pressure 0.1 Amp42 N/A - -43 2-3 Solenoid Solenoid Off 0 V

Solenoid On B+44 N/A - -45 Band Apply Solenoid Not Active 0% duty

Active Approx 51%46 N/A - -47 N/A - -48 1-2 / 3-4 Solenoid Solenoid Off 0 V

Solenoid On B+49 N/A - -50 Barometric Sensor

(Some Models)

51 N/A - -52 N/A - -53 Reference Voltage Key Off 0 V

Key On 5 V54 Solenoid Ground Normal Operation 0 V

W/code 43, 17, 25, 26, 28, 34 or 35 B+55 Engine RPM Frequency varies with

93 Rodeo, engine rpm92-93 Trooper

Figure 7


90-93 Isuzu Trooper/91-93 Rodeo Pin Charts


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check for continuity to chassis groundon the same pins. There should be novoltage and no ground on either ofthese pins. If there is, use the wire dia-gram in figure 9 to re-wire the circuitthat failed this test from the computer to

the main case solenoids.Next, check the resistance of each

of the main case solenoids using the

chart in figure 15, page 38. If one ormore of these circuits failed this test,you either have a bad solenoid or a bad


17 1-2/3-4 Shift Solenoid shorted toground

21 TPS voltage too high (above4.9V)

22 TPS voltage too low (below0.06V)

23 Engine Coolant Switch voltagetoo high. Note: Code will set if engine is not at operating tem-perature after 20 minutes run-ning time.

25 1-2/3-4 Shift Solenoid open orshorted to B+

26 2-3 Shift Solenoid shorted toground

28 2-3 Shift Solenoid open or short-ed to B+

29 TCC Solenoid shorted to ground31 No Engine RPM signal (no signal

above 19 mph with TPS above12%)

32 Force Motor circuit open (currentless than 0.095A)

33 Force Motor circuit shorted to B+(current higher than 1.5A)

34 Band Apply Solenoid open orshorted to B+

35 Band Apply Solenoid shorted toground

36 TCC Solenoid open or shorted toB+

39 No VSS signal 41 Gear Ratio Error43 Ground Control Circuit open,

shorted to ground or shorted toB+

46 Down Shift Error48 Low Battery Voltage (below 9.0V

at TCM pin 37)49 High Battery Voltage (above 16V

at TCM pin 37)55 EPROM Failure (bad computer)56 Mode Switch input incorrect65 Transmission Temp Sensor cir-

cuit open66 Transmission Temp Sensor cir-

cuit shorted to ground77 Kickdown Switch shorted to

ground (stuck closed)82 Mode Switch input incorrect

Figure 8


Trouble Codes

1-2/3-4 Sol

2-3 Sol

Band Apply Sol

Main Case Connector

C

A

D

BPin 45

Pin 48

Pin 43

Pin 54

CPU

Ground Relay Open

A B

CD

System Test 1

The computer checks for shortsto ground onPins 43, 45 and 48

Figure 9

1-2/3-4 Sol

2-3 Sol

Band Apply Sol

Main Case Connector

C

A

D

BPin 45

Pin 48

Pin 43

Pin 54

CPU

Ground Relay Open

A B

CD

Figure 10

The ground relay supplies a constant ground to the

solenoids only if the system passes all tests.

1-2/3-4 Sol

2-3 Sol

Band Apply Sol

Main Case Connector

C

A

D

BPin 45

Pin 48

Pin 43

Pin 54

CPU

Ground Relay Open

A B

CD

Figure 11

SystemTest 2

SystemTest 2continued

The computerpulses batteryvoltage (B+) topins 43, 45 and 48and monitorsthese pulses onpin 54.


connection between the computer andthe solenoid. Re-wire and/or replacethe solenoid in the circuit that failed thetest as necessary. You may also have aproblem in the ground wire betweenpin 54 and the main case solenoids, orthe ground relay contacts are burnt.

If there is no voltage and noground on these pins, and the solenoidresistance readings are correct, there isa good chance that these codes arebeing caused by a bad computer. Usethe following tests to rule out a badcomputer.

Code 43 (Solenoid ground circuit)The computer only needs to see

the voltage pulse from one of the maincase solenoids, so testing this circuit isactually simple. Clear any codes bydisconnecting the computer. Cut thewires on pins 48 and 54 approximatelyone inch from the computer connector.Connect the two wires from the com-puter through a 27 ohm/25 watt resis-tor. Plug the computer connector intothe computer, turn the key on andcheck codes. If code 43 is set, the com-puter is bad. If code 43 does not set,something was overlooked during theinitial testing of the circuit.

Codes 26 and/or 28 (2-3 solenoidcodes)

Clear codes by disconnecting thecomputer. Cut the wire on pin 43approximately one inch from the com-puter connector. Splice pin 43 from thecomputer into the wire at pin 54through a 27 ohm/25 watt resistor (fig-ure 16, page 38). Plug the computerconnector into the computer, turn thekey on and check codes. If codes 26and/or 28 are set, the computer is bad.



1-2/3-4 Sol

2-3 Sol

Band Apply Sol

Main Case Connector

C

A

D

BPin 45

Pin 48

Pin 43

Pin 54

CPU

Ground Relay Open

A B

CD

If the computer sees zero volts all the time during this test, it knows thereis either a short to ground, open in all three solenoids or all three sole-noid drivers are stuck off.

Figure 13


1-2/3-4 Sol

2-3 Sol

Band Apply Sol

Main Case Connector

C

A

D

BPin 45

Pin 48

Pin 43

Pin 54

CPU

Ground Relay Open

A B

CD

Figure 14

1-2/3-4 Sol

2-3 Sol

Band Apply Sol

Main Case Connector

C

A

D

BPin 45

Pin 48

Pin 43

Pin 54

CPU

Ground Relay Open

A B

CD

Figure 12


If the computer sees B+ on pin 54 all the time duringthis test, it knows there is either a short to B+ or one ofthe solenoid drivers are stuck on.

System Test 3

If system tests 1 and 2 pass, theground relay isclosed and suppliesa constant groundto the solenoids.Once the relay isclosed, the comput-er begins test 3 tocheck for open circuits and shortsto B+.

The computer only needs to

see the voltage pulse from

one of the main case sole-

noids, so testing this circuit

is actually simple.


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Computer Pins Solenoid ResistanceConnect ohm meter between pins 43 & 54 2-3 Shift Solenoid 17-24 ohmsConnect ohm meter between pins 45 & 54 Band Apply Solenoid 9-14 ohmsConnect ohm meter between pins 48 & 54 1-2/3-4 Shift Solenoid 17-24 ohms

Figure 15

Main case solenoid resistance chart

1-2/3-4 Sol

Computer

Pin 54

Pin 48

Cut pin 48 approximately one inch from the computer connector.

Splice pin 43 into the wire at pin 54 through a 27 ohm/25 watt resistor.

Figure 18

Band Apply Sol

Computer

Pin 54

Pin 45



Figure 17

2-3 Sol

Computer

Pin 54

Pin 43



Figure 16



GEARS August 2003 39

If codes 26 and/or 28 do not set, some-thing was overlooked during the initialtesting of the circuit.

Codes 34 and/or 35 (Band applysolenoid codes)

Clear codes by disconnecting thecomputer. Cut the wire on pin 45approximately one inch from the com-puter connector. Splice pin 45 from thecomputer into the wire at pin 54through a 27 ohm/25 watt resistor (fig-ure 17). Plug the computer connectorinto the computer, turn the key on andcheck codes. If codes 34 and/or 35 areset, the computer is bad. If codes 34and/or 35 do not set, something wasoverlooked during the initial testing ofthe circuit.

Codes 17 and/or 25 (1-2/3-4 sole-noid codes)

Clear codes by disconnecting thecomputer. Cut the wire on pin 48approximately one inch from the com-puter connector. Splice pin 48 from thecomputer into the wire at pin 54through a 27 ohm/25 watt resistor (fig-ure 18). Plug the computer connectorinto the computer, turn the key on andcheck codes. If codes 17 and/or 25 areset, the computer is bad. If codes 17and/or 25 do not set, something wasoverlooked during the initial testing ofthe circuit.

Because the computer has threeseparate tests for the main case sole-noids and because it stops testing at thefirst sign of trouble, don’t be surprisedif different codes are set after you suc-cessfully repair the original ones. Thisalso makes it very important to clearcodes after each repair. Codes are easi-ly cleared by disconnecting the com-puter. Remember to always turn thekey off when disconnecting and con-necting any computer.

Isuzu has created some interestingdiagnostic dilemmas for technicians.But if you stick to a careful diagnosticstrategy, you should have no problemgetting these vehicles out of your serv-ice bays and back on the road.


transmission therapy the 4l30e files - … this edition of transmission therapy, ... mp le u ti on...

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