transport in plants what are the 3 levels of transport? transport of materials into individual...
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Transport in Plants
What are the 3 levels of transport? Transport of materials into individual
cells Cell to cell transport Long distance transport
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I. Cellular TransportA. Passive Transport:
Driven by principles of diffusion Much of the diffusion is facilitated Selective channels are usually gated
and regulated
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B. Active Transport
Proton pump, Generates membrane potential and
stored potential energy. Transport of many other molecules is
regulated via the proton pump
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C. Water Potential and Osmosis
Water moves from high to low water potential
If a flaccid cell is placed in a hypertonic environment in what direction will there be net water movement? What happens to the plant cell?
Plant loses water into the solution Cell plasmolyzes
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Aquaporins
1990’s scientists discover water pores in membranes that facilitate the diffusion of water
Water still diffuses through lipid bilayer Aquaporins speed up this diffusion Aquaporins may have gated channels
that allow for water regulation regardless of surroundings
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Tonoplast
Membrane that surrounds central vacuole
Has proton pumps
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II. Lateral Transport
How do cells transport water and minerals from soil into the stele of the root?
Move from cell to cell individually Symplast transport Apoplast transport
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Assistants in root absorption
Root hairs increase surface area Mycorrhizae
enhance mineral absorption Endodermis functions as selective
region Casparian strip is waxy and
hydrophobic, traps water and mineral into the vascular tissue
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III. Long Distance Transport:
A. Root Pressure: Pushing Water loss from leaves is low at night Roots are still taking up minerals and
water Water and minerals flowing into the
stele displaces fluid in the stele (xylem sap), up.
This root pressure causes guttation; dew.
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B. Transpiration: Pulling
Water is adhesive and cohesive As one droplet moves the one next to it
also moves As water is lost out of stomata, water
below it moves up Negative pressure pulls the water up
and out of the plant.
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IV. Control of Transpiration
Guard cells regulate water loss What conditions will promote closing of
guard cells? Hot, dry, windy conditions Photorespiration increases as water
loss decreases.
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What environmental stresses cause stomata to close during the day? Water loss Abscisic acid signals Increase in temp
What adaptations are seen for arid climates? Small thick leaves Depress stomata Shed leaves during dry part of year Store water in stems (cacti)
How does CAM metabolism help reduce transpiration rate? Assimilate CO2 at night, so can close stomata in
day
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Xerophytes – adapted to arid climates
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V. Translocation: Phloem Transport
Sugar source is where sugar is stored or made
Sugar sink is where sugar will be stored or used
Sugar made at source is loaded into sieve tube members for transport.
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Using an aphid to tap into phloem sap
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