transportation introduction - —...

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TRANSPORTATION INTRODUCTION

Mechanical Engineering Department

Carlos III University

TRANSPORTATION

INTRODUCTION

TRANSPORTATION


TRANSPORT DEFINITION

Part of the economic activity intended to satisfy human needs by means of geographic change position of people or things

Transportation tries to erase the obstacles due to distance

Ways in which transport is part of the productive activity:

•As phase of the production process

•As a production process

•Goods distribution

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TRANSPORT DEFINITION

Competition

Transport cost

Time of transport

Feasibility of the delivery

Safety of means of transport

Industry situation


TRANSPORT FUNCTIONS

General function: Control of space and time

Specific functions:

• Integration of societies and territories

• Displacement needs satisfaction

• Strategic reasons (to promote a region)

• Establish connection between the productive system and the consumption regions

• Ensure the access to different geographic regions

• Economic activity in itself that generates wealth and jobs

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GROWTH TRANSPORTATION FACTORS

1. Population growth

2. Mobility increase

Population∆ People transportation∆Consume∆ Production∆ Material

transportation∆

Mobility: Number of km travelled by citizen

Transport evolution Bigger speeds Less time

When time is saved in travelling, the saved time leads to an increase of

mobility

It is statistically proved that travel time investment is stable with time

Bigger mobility Bigger demand of transportation


Evolución de la movilidad total en la UE15

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1970 1980 1990 1991 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002

Año

Mile

s de

mill

ones

de

km-p

asaj

ero


Energy & Transport in figures 2004

European Commission

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport

Evolution of total mobility in the EU-15

Thousands of millions of km-passenger

Year

TrainCar Bus Metro and streetcar Airplane Total

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3. Present production and consumption strategies

4. Energetic factor

Fuel restriction Alternative energy

development

Better

communications

Concentration of production centres where there are

optimal conditions for product elaboration


TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY

Influence efficiency transport factors:

•Improvement and increase of infrastructures

•Time travel reduction

•Decrease of specific consumption

•Load capacity increase

•Specialization of means

•Environmental negative impact reduction

•Safety increase

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SOCIAL TRANSPORTATION COSTS

1. Environmental impact

•Pollutant gas emissions

•Acoustic pollution

•Vibrations

•Visual impact: Infrastructures, dirt, deposits…

2. Traffic

•Transport time increase

•Consumption increase

•Environmental impact

3. Safety



National Statistic Institute (INE)

Emisiones equivalentes de CO2 debidas a los transpo rtes y comunicaciones en España

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Año

Mill

ones

de

tone

lada

s

Equivalent emissions of CO2 due to transportation

and communications in Spain

Year

Millions of tones

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Dirección General de Tráfico (DGT)

Evolución del número de víctimas de accidentes de t ráfico en España

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Año

Mile

s de

per

sona

sNumber of victims of traffic accidents

in Spain

Year

Thousands of people

Total Dead Seriously ill


TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Set of modes that organized and coordinatedbetween them allow an effective action

A country has to have a good system of transport to have a good socioeconomic development

Types of coordination:

•Intramodal

•Intermodal

•Multimodal

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Intramodal: Combination between vehicles of the same mean of transport



Intermodal: Combination of not more than two means of transport

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Multimodal: Coordination of more than two means of transport


CLASSIFICATION OF MEANS OF TRANSPORT

Discrete at medium and large distances

A unit transport moves with the load

Continuous at medium and large distances

Channels and pipes (petroleum pipeline, gas pipeline…)

Auxiliary means of transport for short distances

Belt conveyors, transportation rollers,

funicular, cranes, passenger lift, service lift, moving staircase, lift trucks…

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DISCRETE AT MEDIUM AND LARGE DISTANCES

SURFACE

AIR

SEA-RIVER

NON GUIDED

GUIDED

ALL-TERRAIN

ROAD

CHAIN

WHEELS

SKID

RAILWAY

HOVERCRAFT

TRAINAIRPLANE

HELICOPTER

AIRCRAFT

BOATS

HOVERCRAFT BOAT



Sea transport:

Coal transoceanic transportation, minerals, cereals, liquids or low value freight goods per kg.

Air transport:

Large distances. Valuable merchandises and urgent deliveries.

Railway transport:

Wagon -complete train. Intermodal systems (wagon, containers,…). Combined with road transport.

River transport:

Coal, minerals, construction materials,…Cheap but slow. Great competition with surface transport.

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Road

RailwayAir

Evolution of modal distribution of passengers (1950-2000)



Road

Railway

Evolution of modal distribution of merchandises (1950-2000)

Sea

Pipes

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ENGINEERING AND TRANSPORTATION

MEAN OF TRANSPORT

COMPONENTS MEANS

TRANSPORT NETWORK

VEHICLE

ENGINEERING

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

INFRAESTRUCTURES

ENGINEERING

SYSTEM

TRANSPORTATION

ENGINEERING

COMPONENT

ENGINEERING OF THE

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Road transport

Railway transport

Air transport

Sea transport

Pipe transport

…

MEANS

Vehicle

Trains

Airplanes

Boats

…

ROUTES

Roads

Train rails

Air routes

Sea routes

…

TERMINALES

Station

Train station

Airports

Harbour

…


TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATION

Raw materials and

components Storage and fabrication

DespatchingStock

Preparation of deliveryDelivery

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TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATION

Transport

system design

Means of transport to be used

Exploitation mode (public or private)

Design of the company means

The choice of the mean of transport depends on:

•Annual tons to transport and its variations

•Nature of the merchandises

•Medium size of the transported lot

•Distance to be travelled

•Delay and duration of transport

•Infrastructure

•Final price of the different solutions


DATA TRANSPORT

The new technologies allow:

•Automation of deliveries

•Materials tracking

transportation introduction - —...

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