transportation rates depends on : value of product; more the value, higher the rate. cost of...
TRANSCRIPT
Transportation, Inventory control
Transportation rates depends on :
Value of product; more the value, higher the rate.
Cost of handling : Space reqd, traffic density of origin, volume, quantity discount, dsitances, special facilities;
Competition of transporters;inter modal, intra industry
Govt policies, regulations.
Cost reduction opportunities : wherever possible, freight bills send to auditing firm
Variations : Commodity rates, Rates related to shipping products, commodity description
Carrier alternatives ; FOB termsPackaging & Materials handling ; trucks with
special racks, material handling devices, cut packaging costs.
Damage losses can be reduced by 80% if merchandize is handled more gently in company operated trucks.
Damage claims : inadequate packaging, more costly containers, making claims against carriers, traffic dept works with packaging engineers to reduce damage, carriers aloow for some damage, prevent future damage
Demurrage : Penalties beyong stipulated time; 24 to 48 hrs; credit note for early taking.
Insurance buyingInsurance management : Cover for Materials
in transit & storageMarine InsuranceInland transit
Inventory & Inventory control techniques: Inventory is a Complete list of items; A
quantity of goods in stockInventory control is a set of policies &
procedures by which an organization what materials it should hold in stock & quantities of each it should carry.
Need for IC : It is around 30%. Larger the range of inventory items, greater
the no of problems in inventory, procurement, investment, handling, accounting, shortages, stockoputs, deterioration , obsolescence,etc.
2 major questions in IC : How much to buy & when to buy this quantity;
a. Requirements ; Timewise, operations scheduleb. Quantity in stock or order : Stores stock ledger
balance + unfulfilled purchase ordersc. Procurement time or lead time : Administrative &
Suppliers” D. Obsolescence : Make material obsolete
Economic order quantity : A technique to determine the quantity & economize on total cost of purchases.
Inventory control techniques :
ABC Classification : Always better control ;Analysis of all items in terms of annual
consumption of each in Rupees.; 10% items account for total ACC- annual consumption cost, 20% account for 15% of ACC, 70% for 5% of ACC.
HML : high, Medium, Low – on unit value ; above 5000, 1000 to 5000, less than 1000
VED : Vital, essential, desirable – mostly for spare parts. Older the machine, more the maintenance spares required,
SDE : Scarce, desirable, essential
GOLF : Govt, ordinary, local, foreign – MMTC, STC, IDPL, ordinary procedures of IC wont work, special treatment.
FSN : Fast, slow & non Moving – Focus on Non moving & control them.
SOS : Seasonal, Off seasonal, Seasonality – Agricultural origin & seasonal in character to be purchased at best time ; EOQ not applicable
XYZ : Value of items ;