trauma kapitis
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trauma kapitisTRANSCRIPT
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KLINIS5. Fraktur basis Krani• Anterior :
Rhinorrhea Raccon eye Anosmia
• Media : Otorrhea Ggn N.VII & VIII
• Posterior : Battle’s sign
Penunjang : - tes halo
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KLINIS
6. D.A.I
Klinis : Koma lama pasca trauma capitis
Lateralisasi s/d vegetatif state
Penunjang :CTscan : normal – edema otak luas, perdarahan (-), kontusio(-)
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PENANGGULANGAN TRAUMA KAPITIS(Konsensus manajemen di UGD)
1. Survei Primer ~ identifikasi & tx “emergency”
~ minimalisasi 2nd injury
Life saving
Stabilisasi
A – Airway : bebaskan & bersihkan jln nafas
B – Breathing : Pastikan pernafasan adequat
C – Circulation : Pertahankan tekanan darah
D – Disability : Mengetahui lateralisasi & kondisi umum
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PENANGGULANGAN TRAUMA KAPITIS(Konsensus manajemen di UGD)
2. Survei 2nd ~ identifikasi & tx underlying
disease
- Anamnesa singkat
- Pemeriksaan fisik Interna & neurologis
- Pemeriksaan penunjang imaging & laboratorium
- Pengobatan underlying disease ~ C/ doker specialis yg
bersangkutan
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Survey Primer
1. Airway • Bebaskan jln nafas : posisi kepala ekstensi, orofaring
tube, ETT• Bersihkan jln nafas : keluarkan gigi palsu/ patahan gigi,
suction muntah, lendir, & darah• Fiksasi leher (cervical colar) => curiga fraktur • Cegah aspirasi :
• kepala miring => hati2 fraktur cervical• NGT
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Survey Primer
2. Breathing• Oksigen => PCO2 25-35 , O2 > 92 %
• Nasal canul / Sungkup • Observasi :
• RR = x/m• Pola nafas(Cheyne Stokes, CNH, ataxsic, apneustik)• Pengembangan dada simetris?• Pernafasan dada / perut ?
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Survey Primer
3. Circulation
• Pertahankan MAP > 90 mmHg
CPP = MAP – TIK (CPP >85 15)
• IVFD isotonik (NaCl 0,9% / RL)
• TDS > 180 mmHg & TDD > 100 mmHg
pertimbangkan tx anti hipertensi
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Survey primer
4. Disability
Pemeriksaan neurologi
• GCS
• N.cranialis :
• pupil anisokor (midriasis/miosis/normal)
• Reflek cahaya
• Motoris : lateralisasi?
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Survey primer4. Disability Manajemen TIK & CPP
• Posisi kepala 30° • Diuretik osmotik (manitol 20%) / Diuretik loop
(furosemid)• Hiperventilasi ringan (PaCO2 25-35 mmHg, PaO2
>92 %)• Surgical C/ Neurosurgeon
• CSF drainase + ICP monitoring • Dekompresi dg kraniotomi
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Survey primer4. Disability
Manajement kejang
• Diazepam , phenitoin
Minimalkan 2nd head injury
• Neuroprotektan (nicolin, piracetam)
Stres ulcer ~ perdarahan lambung
• AH2 ( cimetidin, rantidin, famotidin (i.v))
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Survei sekunder
1. Anamnesa• Proses kejadian
• Waktu terjadinya
• Ggn kesadaran (interval lucid/tdk pernah sadar?)
• Gx TIK meningkat (headache, vomit proyektil, mata kabur)
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Survei sekunder
1. Anamnesa• Perdarahan : otorhoe, rhinorhoe
• Amnesia traumatika (retrograd/anterograd)
• Kejang,pusing & tanda neurologis fokal
• AMPLE : Allergies, Medications, Past illness, Last meal, Event/Environtment related to the injury
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Survei sekunder
2. Pemeriksaan Umum & Neurologis• Kesadaran (GCS)
• Vital sign ( TD, Nadi, RR, Temp)
• Meningeal sign ( KK, Brudzinsky I/II, Kernig)
• Fx luhur : Afasia +/-
• N.cranialis (RC, Ref kornea, Doll’s eye, tes kalorik, reflek
muntah) tanda herniasi otak
• Motoris, Sensorik, RP, RF
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Survei sekunder
2. Pemeriksaan Umum & Neurologis• K/L : pupil (ukuran,bentuk,isokor,RC)
funduskopi
otorhoe, rinorhoe, battle’s sign, raccon eyes
deformitas, odema, nyeri tekan R/ cervical• Tho : R/ Cardio ~ tanda trauma
R/ Pulmo ~ tanda trauma• Abd : ~ tanda trauma• Ext : ~ tanda trauma
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Survei sekunder
3. Pemeriksaan penunjang• Imaging :
• Rontgen Kepala, leher• R/ lain ~ indikasi• CTscan !!!• MRI
• Laboratorium :• Hb, leuko, trombosit, PCV, hematokrit, Ur/Cr, GDA,
eletrolit, BGA, PT, aPTT, UL• EKG
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Survei sekunder
4. Manajemen terapi• Siapkan operasi pada pasien dg indikasi• Siapkan masuk ruang rawat• Penanganan luka• Terapi underlying disease
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PENATALAKSANAAN LANJUT
Indikasi RAWAT JALAN
– CKR / penurunan kesadaran < 5 menit
– Pemeriksaan status umum & neurologi NORMAL
– Tanda TIK meningkat (-)
– Tanda fraktur basis crani (-)
– Rontgen & CTscan kepala NORMAL
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PENATALAKSANAAN LANJUT
Pasien PULANG stlh observasi 3-4 jam, dg KIE jika :
• Pasien cenderung mengantuk / pingsan
• Sakit kepala makin memberat
• Muntah proyektil
pasien harus kembali ke RS
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PENATALAKSANAAN LANJUT
Indikasi KASUS RAWAT INAP– Riw penurunan kesadaran >5 menit
– Tanda TIK (+) : cephalgia, muntah, GCS
– Perubahan mental, riwayat kejang
– Defisit neurologi fokal/lateralisasi (+)
– Tanda fraktur basis crani (+)
– Tdk ada yang mengawasi di rmh, Letak rmh jauh, & Keluarga dg tingkat pemahaman rendah