travel assignment 2013
TRANSCRIPT
NIHAR RANJAN JENABATCH-M2
FRANKFINN TRAVEL
ASSIGNMENT
ACKNOWDGEMENT
I am very thankful to frankfinn Institute Of Air Hostess Training for giving us this travel assignment.
I am also thankful to my faculty Mr.Vikram Khanna for his guidance and support.
Through this assignment we came to know more about this industry and also about the world.
I am grateful to Frankfinn Institute for guiding me ahead with my difficulties and being my encouragement and support throughout.
NIHAR RANJAN JENA
CUSTOMER DETAILS
Name-Mr. Akash K. Jena
Age-24years
Citizenship-Indian
Destination Preference-Places of Historic Importance and Natural attractions.
INTRODUCTION TO TRAVEL
: Opening Doors for Your Future provides an holistic view of the industry: its history, its constant growth regardless of economic downturns, its importance in the world, its various sectors and how they work together, and the many
opportunities it offers for those who choose to make it their profession.
It outlines the technical and people skills required to advance in position and income,
expand personal horizons and have fun fulfilling people's dreams.
DESTINATION FOR TRAVEL
U.S.A.
(NEW YORK)
(FLORIDA)
CANADA
(BRITISH COLUMBIA)
(ONTARIO)
INTRODUCTION TO USA
Capital: Washington, D.C.
Dialing code: 1
Area: 9,826,675 km²
Population: 313.9 million
(2012)
Gross domestic
product: 14.99 trillion USD
(2011) World Bank
Government: Federal
republic, Constitutional
republic, Presidential system
United States of America
Geography:USA, country in North America, consisting of 48 contiguous states and the non-contiguous states of Alaska and Hawaii. The 48 states are between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, south of Canada and north of Mexico. The country's total area is 9,629,047 sq km (3,717,796 sq mi). The capital is Washington, D.C.New York City is the largest city.Land and ResourcesCoastal plains along the eastern coast rise to mountain ranges further inland. Beyond the Great Lakes, the midcontinent is dominated by the Great Plains, a fertile agricultural area. From the western edge of the Great Plains, the Rockies and other mountain ranges rise. Mountains continue almost to the western coastal area along the Pacific. The United States has an extremely varied climate, but in general temperatures increase from north to south.
The country has diverse vegetation, from tundra in northern Alaska to cypress and mangrove stands along the Gulf of Mexico. Some 23 percent of the land is forested. There are vast grassy plains in the middle of the country and desert conditions in the southwest. Animal life is also varied, with mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and fish throughout. The United States is exceedingly rich in natural resources; a diversity of crops and trees grows readily. The country contains significant deposits of many important minerals, including more than one-fifth of the world's coal.Hinduism also have significant numbers of followers.
Population:he population of the United States is 267,954,767 (1997 estimate). Whites constitute about 83 percent of the people; blacks, about 13 percent; Asians and Pacific Islanders, about 4 percent; and Native Americans, about 1 percent. Hispanics, who may also be counted among other groups, make up about 11 percent.
English is the main language, but many others are important, especially Spanish. Most people are Christians. Although members of the various Protestant churches are most numerous, Roman Catholics form the largest single religious group in the United States. The major Protestant groups include the Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, Pentecostals, and Episcopalians. The largest non-Christian religion in the United States is Judaism. Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism also have significant numbers of followers.
Economy:The United States has one of the world's highest standards of living. Until the late 1800s agriculture was the dominant economic activity, but then industry gained importance. The United States now leads all nations in the value of its yearly manufacturing output. Leading goods are processed foods, transportation equipment, chemicals, industrial machinery, and electronic equipment. The three chief mineral products are fuels: petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Important metals include gold, copper, iron, zinc, magnesium, lead, and silver.
HISTORY OF USA
The history of the United states as covered in American schools and universities typically begins with either Christ opherColumbus‘s 1492 voyage to the America or with the prehistory of the Native peoples, with the latter approach having become increasingly common in recent decades
Indigenous populations lived in what is now the United States before European colonists began to arrive, mostly from England, after 1600. By the 1770s,thirteen British colonies contained two and a half million people. They were prosperous and growing rapidly, and had developed their own autonomous political and legal systems. The British Parliament asserted its authority over these colonies by imposing new taxes, which the Americans insisted were unconstitutional because they were not represented in Parliament. Growing conflicts turned into full-fledged war beginning in April 1775. On July 4, 1776, the colonies declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and became the United States of America
With major military and financial support from France and military leadership by General George Washington, the Patriots won the Revolutionary War and peace came in 1783. During and after the war, the 13 states were united under a weak federal government established by the Articles of Confederation. When these proved unworkable, a new Constitution was adopted in 1789; it remains the basis of the United States federal government, and later included a Bill of Rights. With Washington as the nation's first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief advisor, a strong national government was created. When Thomas Jefferson became president he purchased the Louisiana Territory from France, doubling the size of American territorial holdings. A second and last war with Britain was fought in 1812. The main result of that war was the end of European support for Indian attacks on western settlers.
Under the sponsorship of the Jeffersonian Democrats, and the Jacksonian
Democrats, the nation expanded to the Louisiana purchase and all the way to
California and Oregon, and a quest for inexpensive land for Yeoman farmers and
slave owners who promoted, democracy and expansion, at the cost of violence
and a disdain for European culture. The expansion, under the rubric of Manifest
Destiny was a rejection of the advice of Whigs who wanted to deepen and
modernize the economy and society rather than merely expand the
geography. Slavery of Africans was abolished in all the Northern states by
1804, but it flourished in the Southern states because of heavy European
demand for cotton.
DESTINATIONS TO TRAVEL
(a) NEWYORK
(b) FLORIDA
NEWYORK MAP
NEWYORK CITY
1.Niagara Falls
2.Statue of Liberty
3. Brooklyn Bridge
4.Empire State Building
INTRODUCTION
New York is a huge city with several district articles containing sightseeing, restaurants, nightlife and accommodation.
New York (also referred to as ―New York City‖, ―NYC‖, or just ―the city‖) ,the biggest city in the United States, lies at the mouth of the Hudson River.
It has one of the largest and most famous skyline on earth , dominated by the iconic Empire State Building.
The "Big Apple," the "City That Never Sleeps"—New York is a city of superlatives: America's biggest; its most exciting; its business and cultural capitals; the nation's trendsetter. The city seems to pull in the best and the brightest from every corner of the country. The city's ethnic flavor has been nuanced by decades of immigrants whose first glimpse of America was the Statue of Liberty guarding New York Harbour and by large expatriate communities such as the United Nations headquartered there. Just minutes from the multimillion-dollar two-bedroom co-op apartments of Park Avenue, though, lies some of the most dire urban poverty in America. But the attendant crime that affects New Yorkers and visitors alike has seen a continued dramatic reduction from 1993 to 2004—NYC has a murder rate half that of cities such as Los Angeles and Chicago, in part as the result of a concerted effort by local agencies. But for all its eight million residents, New York remains a city of neighbourhoods, whether it's avant-garde Greenwich Village, bustling Harlem, the ultra-sophisticated TriBeCa, or one of the ethnic enclaves such as Little Italy or Chinatown. And a cleaner, brighter, safer New York is attracting people from around the world who are coming to enjoy the city's renaissance.
HISTORY OF NEWYORK
New York City began with the first European visit to the area by Giovanni da Verrazzano, in command of the French ship La Dauphine, when he visited the region in 1524. It is believed he sailed into Upper New York Bay, where he encountered native Len ape, returned through The Narrows, where he anchored the night of April 17, and then left to continue his voyage. He named the area of present-day New York City Nouvelle-Angouleme (New Angouleme) in honour of Francis I, King of France and Count of Angouleme.
European settlement began on September 3, 1609, when the Englishman Henry Hudson, in the employ of the Dutch East India Company, sailed the Half Moon through The Narrows into Upper New York Bay. Like Christopher Columbus, Hudson was looking for a westerly passage to Asia. He never found one, but he did take note of the abundant beaver population. Beaver pelts were in fashion in Europe, fuelling a lucrative business. Hudson's report on the regional beaver population served as the impetus for the founding of Dutch trading colonies in the New World, among them New Amsterdam, which would become New York City. The beaver's importance in New York City history is reflected by its use on the city's official seal.
The City of Niagara Falls was incorporated on March 17, 1892 from the villages of Manchester and Suspension Bridge, which were parts of the Town of Niagara. New York State Governor Roswell P. Flower signed a bill into law forming the city. Thomas Vincent Welch who was a member of the charter committee and then a New York state assemblyman, but more importantly a second-generation Irishman, was there when the bill was signed, and responsible for asking Governor Flower to sign the bill on St. Patrick's Day. George W. Wright was elected the first mayor of Niagara Falls
1.NIAGARA FALLS
NIAGARA FALLS
ABOUT
Niagara Falls is in the Niagara Frontier region of New York state.
The Niagara Falls consist of three sections .The large Canadian falls –with their distinctive curved shape-are also known as the Horseshoe Falls.
They are separated by Goat island from the American Falls , which are separated by a small island at their south end , from the narrow Bridal Veil falls.
[hide]Climate data for Niagara Falls, New York International Airport
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F
(°C)
33(1)
38(3)
42(6)
56(13)
68(20)
77(25)
81(27)
80(27)
73(23)
60(16)
48(9)
37(3)
57(14)
Average low °F
(°C)
18(−8)
18(−8)
25(−4)
36(2)
46(8)
57(14)
61(16)
60(16)
52(11)
42(6)
33(1)
23(−5)
39(4)
Precipitation in
ches (mm)
2.72(69.1)
2.12(53.8)
2.49(63.2)
2.83(71.9)
3.01(76.5)
2.87(72.9)
3.17(80.5)
2.77(70.4)
3.32(84.3)
2.95(74.9)
3.04(77.2)
3.03(77)
34.32(871.7)
ClimateNiagara Falls experiences cold, sometimes snowy winters and hot, often humid
summers. Precipitation is moderate and consistent in all seasons, falling equally
or more as snow during the winter. The temperature has dipped to as low as
−11 F (−24 C) as recently as 2003, 2005, and 2011.The hottest temperature in
the past decade recorded in Niagara Falls was 97 F (36 ) in 2005. The city has
much snowier than average winters than most cities in the USA, however less
than many other cities in Upstate New York including nearby Buffalo and
Rochester.
2.Statue of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbour, designed by Frederic Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886. The statue, a gift to the United States from the people of France, is of a robed female figure representing Liberates, the Roman goddess of freedom, who bears a torch and a tabula ansata (a tablet evoking the law) upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue is an icon of freedom and of the United States: a welcoming signal to immigrants arriving from abroad.
Bartholdi was inspired by French law professor and politician Eduard René de Laboulaye, who commented in 1865 that any monument raised to American independence would properly be a joint project of the French and American peoples. Due to the troubled political situation in France, work on the statue did not commence until the early 1870s. In 1875, Laboulaye proposed that the French finance the statue and the Americans provide the site and build the pedestal. Bartholdi completed the head and the torch-bearing arm before the statue was fully designed, and these pieces were exhibited for publicity at international expositions.
Location Liberty IslandNew York City, New York, U.S.
Coordinates 40°41′21″N 74°2′40″W
Height 151 feet 1 inch (46 meters)Ground to torch: 305 feet 1 inch (93 meters)
Dedicated October 28, 1886
Restored 1938, 1984–1986, 2011–2012
Sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi
Visitation 3.2 million (in 2009)
Governing body U.S. National Park Service
ABOUT
The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States by the people of France in 1886.
Worldwide , the Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable icons of the United States and was from 1886 until the jet age ,often one of the first glimpses of the United States for millions of immigrants after ocean voyages from Europe.
3.BROOKLYN BRIDGE
The Brooklyn Bridge is a bridge in New York City and is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States. Completed in 1883, it connects the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn by spanning the East River. With a main span of 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m), it was the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903, and the first steel-wire suspension bridge.
Originally referred to as the New York and Brooklyn Bridge and as the East River Bridge, it was dubbed the Brooklyn Bridge, a name from an earlier January 25, 1867, letter to the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, and formally so named by the city government in 1915. Since its opening, it has become an icon of New York City, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1972.
Carries Motor vehicles (cars only)Elevated trains (until 1944)Streetcars (until 1950)Pedestrians and bicycles
Crosses East RiverLocale New York City (Manhattan–Brooklyn)
Maintained by New York City Department of Transportation
Designer John Augustus RoeblingDesign Suspension/Cable-stay HybridTotal length 5,989 feet (1825 m)Width 85 feet (26 m)Height 276.5 ft (84.3 m) above mean high
waterLongest span 1,595 feet 6 inches (486.3 m)Clearance below 135 feet (41 m) at mid-spanOpened May 24, 1883; 129 years agoToll Free both waysDaily traffic 123,781 (2008)
The Brooklyn Bridge, viewed from Manhattan
View from the pedestrian walkway. The bridge's cable arrangement forms a distinct web like pattern.
ABOUT
The Brooklyn Bridge ,one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States , stretches 5,989 feet(1825m)over the East River.
Upon completion, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world , the first steel-wire suspension bridge , and the first bridge to connect to Long Island.
4.Empire State Building
The Empire State Building is a 102-story skyscraper located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, at the intersection of Fifth Avenue and West 34th Street. It has a roof height of 1,250 feet (381 meters), and with its antenna spire included, it stands a total of 1,454 ft (443.2 m) high .Its name is derived from the nickname for New York, the Empire State. It stood as the world's tallest building for 40 years, from its completion in 1931 until construction of the World Trade Centre's North Tower was completed in 1972. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Empire State Building was again the tallest building in New York (although it was no longer the tallest in the US or the world). The Empire State Building was once again demoted to second-tallest building in New York on April 30, 2012, when the new One World Trade Centre reached a greater height. The Empire State Building is currently the third-tallest completed skyscraper in the United States(after the Willis Tower and Trump International Hotel and Tower, both in Chicago), and the 22nd-tallest in the world (the tallest now is Burj Khalifa, located in Dubai). It is also the fourth-tallest freestanding structure in the Americas.
The Empire State Building is generally thought of as an American cultural icon. It is designed in the distinctive Art Deco style and has been named as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The building and its street floor interior are designated landmarks of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, and confirmed by the New York City Board of Estimate. It was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1986.In 2007, it was ranked number one on the List of America's Favourite Architecture according to the AIA.
ABOUT
Tallest building in New York , since the destruction of the World Trade Center Twin Towers on 11 September 2001.
Strongly consider going to the Empire State at night.
FLORIDA CITY
FLORIDA CITY
Florida is a state in the south-eastern region of the United States, bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 4th most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state capital is Tallahassee, the largest city is Jacksonville, and the largest metropolitan area is the Miami metropolitan area.
Much of Florida is a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida. Its geography is notable for a coastline, omnipresent water and the threat of hurricanes. Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, encompassing approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south . Some of its most iconic animals, such as the American alligator, crocodile, Florid panther and the manatee, can be found in the Everglades, one of the most famous national parks in the world.
HISTORY
Archaeological research indicates that Florida was first inhabited by Palo-Indians, the first human inhabitants of the Americas, perhaps as early as 14 thousand years ago. The region was continuously inhabited through the Archaic period(to about 2000 BC). After about 500 BC the previously relatively uniform Archaic culture began to coalesce into distinctive local cultures .By the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Appalachia(of the Florida Panhandle), the Temuco (of northern and central Florida), the Ais(of the central Atlantic coast), the Tocobaga (of the Tampa Bay area), the Colusa (of southwest Florida) and the Tequesta(of the south-eastern coast).
ATTRACTIONS
1.MIAMI
2.HOLLYWOOD
3.DISNEY WORLD,ORLANDO
1.MIAMI
Miami is a city located on the Atlantic coast in south-eastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County. The 42nd largest city proper in the United States, with a population of 408,568, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the Miami metropolitan area, and the most populous metropolis in the South-eastern United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the eighth most populous and fourth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.
Miami is a major centre and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2010, Miami was classified as an Alpha- World City in the World Cities Study Group‘s inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked thirty-third among global cities. In 2008,Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America", is the second-largest U.S. city (after El Paso, Texas) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.
Downtown Miami and South Florida are home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Centre is a major centre for hospitals, research institutes, medical centres, and biotechnology industries. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the "Cruise Capital of the World," has been the number one cruise passenger port in the world. It accommodates some of the world's largest cruise ships and operations, and is the busiest port in both passenger traffic and cruise lines.
MIAMI CITY
CLIMATE
Miami has a tropical monsoon climate with hot and humid summers and short, warm winters, with a marked drier season in the winter. Its sea-level elevation, coastal location, position just above the Tropic of Cancer, and proximity to the Gulf Stream shapes its climate. With January averaging 67.2 °F (19.6 °C), winter features mild to warm temperatures; cool air usually settles after the passage of a cold front, which produces much of the little amount of rainfall. Lows sometimes fall below 50 °F (10 °C), but very rarely below 35 °F (2 °C). Highs generally range between 70–77 °F (21–25 °C). The wet season begins some time in May, ending in mid-October. During this period, temperatures are in the mid 80s to low 90s (29–35 °C), accompanied by high humidity, though the heat is often relieved by afternoon thunderstorms or a sea breeze that develops off the Atlantic Ocean, which then allow lower temperatures, but conditions still remain very muggy. Much of the year's 55.9 inches (1,420 mm) of rainfall occurs during this period.
Extremes range from 27 °F (−2.8 °C) on February 3, 1917 to 100 °F (38 °C) on July 21, 1940.Miami has never recorded an accumulation of snow, and has only once recorded snow flurries, on January 19, 1977.
Hurricane season officially runs from June 1 through November 30, although hurricanes can develop beyond those dates. The most likely time for Miami to be hit is during the peak of the Cape Verde season which is mid-August through the end of September . Although tornadoes are uncommon in the Miami area, a tornado struck the city in1925 and again in 1997.
Miamisummershower
ABOUT
It is a coastal city in southeastern Florida , in the United States.
Miami Beach has been one of the America‘s preeminent beach resorts for almost a century.
The city was incorporated on 26 March 1915.
HOLLYWOOD
Hollywood is a district situated in Los Angeles, California, United States situated west-northwest of downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical centre of movie studios and celebrities, the word Hollywood is often used as a metonym of American cinema. Even though much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as West Los Angeles and the San Fernando Valley, significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting companies remain in Hollywood, as does the back lot of Paramount Pictures.
As a district within the Los Angeles city limits, Hollywood does not have its own municipal government. There was an official, appointed by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce, who served as an honorary "Mayor of Hollywood" for ceremonial purposes only. Johnny Grant held this position from 1980 until his death on January 9, 2008.
ABOUT
Hollywood is a district in Los Angeles , California, United States.
Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical canter of movie studios and movie stars , the word ―HOLLYWOOD‖ is often used as a metonym of cinema of the United States.
It is a popular destination for nightlife and tourism and home to the Hollywood walk of fame.
The Capitol Records Tower in Hollywood
Hollywood boulevard from Kodak theatre
3.DISNEY WORLD,ORLANDO
The Walt Disney World Resort, commonly known as Walt Disney World and informally as Disney World, is the world's most-visited entertainment resort, located in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Covering 30,080 acres (12,173 ha; 47 sq mi), it is owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company through its Parks and Resorts division and is home to four theme parks, two water parks, twenty-four themed resorts (excluding eight more that are on-site but not owned by The Walt Disney Company), two spas and fitness centres, five golf courses, and other recreational and entertainment venues.
The resort was developed by Walt Disney in the 1960s to supplement Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California. In addition to hotels and a theme park similar to Disneyland, Walt's original plans also included an "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow", a planned city that would serve as a test bed for new innovations for city living. After extensive lobbying, the Government of Florida created the Reedy Creek Improvement District, a special government district that essentially gave the Walt Disney Company the standard powers and autonomy of an incorporated city. Walt died in 1966 before his original plans were fully realized.
The resort opened on October 1, 1971 with the Magic Kingdom as its only theme park, and has since added Epcot (1982), Disney's Hollywood Studios (1989), and Disney's Animal Kingdom (1998).
Walt Disney World
Theme parks
Magic Kingdom
EpcotDisney's Hollywood StudiosDisney's Animal Kingdom
Other attractions
Disney's Typhoon LagoonDisney's Blizzard Beach
Downtown DisneyESPN Wide World of Sports
Disney's BoardWalk
Resort hotels
Walt Disney World Resorts
Type Division
Industry Theme Park operator
Founded October 1, 1971
Headquarters Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA
Key people George Kalogridis, President
Parent Walt Disney Parks and Resorts(The Walt Disney Company)
MAP OF CANADA
Capital Ottawa45°24′N 75°40′W / 45.400°N 75.667°WLargest city Toronto
Official languagesEnglishFrench
Recognised
regional languages ChipewyanCreeGwich'inInuinnaqtunInuktitutInuvialuktunSlavey (North / South)Tłįchǫ
DemonymCanadianGovernmentFederal parliamentarydemocracy underconstitutional monarchyMonarch
Elizabeth IIGovernor General
David JohnstonPrime Minister
Stephen HarperChief Justice
Beverley McLachlan
LegislatureParliamentUpper house
SenateLower house
House of Commons
INTRODUCTION
Capital: Ottawa
Dialing code: 1
Prime minister: Stephen Harper
Government: Parliamentary system, Multi-party system, Constitutional monarchy
Provinces: Ontario, Québec, British Columbia, Alberta, Nova Scotia
Population: 34.48 million (2011) World Bank
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories.
Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific
and northward into the Arctic Ocean.
Continues…..
The second largest country in the world, Canada‘s incredible geographical variety is a significant tourist attracter.
Canada‘s three cities, Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal are largest major metropolitan areas , well-known for their culture and diversity.
Canadian historic sites across the nation are also important to the tourist industry.
HISTORY
The name Canada comes from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word Kanata, meaning "village" or "settlement". In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona. Cartier later used the word Canada to refer not only to that particular village, but the entire area subject to Donnacona (the chief at Stadacona); by 1545, European books and maps had begun referring to this region as Canada.In the 17th and early 18th centuries, "Canada" referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River and the northern shores of the Great Lakes. The area was later split into two British colonies, Upper Canada and Lower Canada. They were reunified as the Province of Canada in 1841.Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the legal name for the new country, and the word Dominion was conferred as the country's title . However, as Canada asserted its political autonomy from the United Kingdom, the federal government increasingly used simply Canada on state documents and treaties, a change that was reflected in the renaming of the national holiday from Dominion Day to Canada Day in 1982.
DESTINATION IN CANADA
BRITISH COLUMBIA1. Vancouver islands
2. Victoria
3. sun shine coast
ONTARIO1. Toronto
2. CN Tower
3. HTO Park
BRITISH COLUMBIA
British Columbia is the westernmost province of Canada. In 1871, it became the sixth province of Canada. British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest, along with the U.S states of Oregon and Washington . The province's name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858, reflecting its origins as the British remainder of the Columbia District of the Hudson's Bay Company. Its Latin motto is Splendour sine occasu ("Splendour without Diminishment").
The capital of British Columbia is Victoria, the 15th largest metropolitan region in Canada, named for Canada's Queen at Confederation. The largest city is Vancouver, the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the largest in Western Canada, and the second largest in the Pacific Northwest. In 2009, British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,419,974 (about two and a half million of whom were in Greater Vancouver). The province is currently governed by the BC Liberal Party, led by Premier Christy Clark, who became leader as a result of the party election on February 26, 2011.
British Columbia's economy is largely resource-based. It is the endpoint of transcontinental railways and the site of major Pacific ports, which enable international trade. Though less than five percent of its land is arable, the province is agriculturally rich (particularly in the Fraser and Okanagan Valleys) because of its mild weather. Its climate encourages outdoor recreation and tourism, though its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction, principally logging and mining. While the coast of BC and certain valleys in the south-central part of the province have mild weather, the majority of BC's land mass experiences a cold winter temperate to subarctic climate similar to the rest of Canada.
HISTORY
When the men returned from World War I, they discovered the recently enfranchised women of the province had helped vote in the prohibition of liquor in an effort to end the social problems associated with the hard-core drinking that Vancouver and the rest of the province was famous for until the war. Because of pressure from veterans, prohibition was quickly relaxed so that the "soldier and the working man" could enjoy a drink, but widespread unemployment among veterans was hardened by many of the available jobs being taken by European immigrants and disgruntled veterans organized a range of "soldier parties" to represent their interests, variously named Soldier-Farmer, Soldier-Labour, and Farmer-Labour Parties. These formed the basis of the fractured labour-political spectrum that would generate a host of fringe leftist and rightist parties, including those who would eventually form the Co-operative Commonwealth and the early Social Credit splinter groups.
1.Vancouver islands
Vancouver Island, located in British Columbia, Canada, is the largest Pacific island east of New Zealand Originally called Quadra and Vancouver Island after Spanish navigator Juan de la Bodega y Quadra and British navy officer George Vancouver, the island was first explored by British and Spanish expeditions in the late 18th century. The former's name was eventually dropped and has since been known solely as Vancouver. It is one of several North American locations named after this British Royal Navy officer who explored the Pacific Northwest coast of North America between 1791 and 1794. While the city of Vancouver is located on the North American mainland, Victoria, the capital of British Columbia, is located on the island. Along with the minor islands near its southern portion, it is the only part of British Columbia that is south of the 49th Parallel.
The island is 460 kilometres (290 mi) in length, 80 kilometres (50 mi) in width at its widest point, and 32,134 km2 (12,407 sq mi) in area. It is the largest island on the western side of North America, the world's 43rd largest island, Canada's 11th largest island, and Canada's second most populous island after the Island of Montreal. The Canada 2011 Census population is 759,366.Nearly half of these (344,630) live in Greater Victoria. Other notable cities and towns on Vancouver Island include Nanaimo, Port Alberni, Parkville, Courtenay, and Campbell River.
2. Victoria
Victoria is the capital city of British Columbia, Canada and is located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada‗s Pacific coast. The city has a population of about 80,017 within the metropolitan area of Greater Victoria, which has a population of 344,615, the 15th most populous Canadian metro region.
Victoria is about 100 kilometres (62 miles) from BC's largest city of Vancouver on the mainland. The city is about 100 kilometres (62 miles) from Seattle by airplane, ferry, or the Victoria Clipper passenger-only ferry which operates daily, year round between Seattle and Victoria and 40 kilometres (25 miles) from Port Angeles, Washington by ferry across the Juan de Fuca Strait.
Named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and, at the time, British North America, Victoria is one of the oldest cities in the Pacific Northwest, with British settlement beginning in 1843. The city has retained a large number of its historic buildings, in particular its two most famous landmarks, the British Columbia Parliament Buildings(finished in 1897 and home of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia) and the Empress hotel(opened in 1908). The city's Chinatown is the second oldest in North America after San Francisco's. The region's Coast Salish First Nations peoples established communities in the area long before non-native settlement, possibly several thousand years earlier, which had large populations at the time of European exploration. Victoria, like many Vancouver Island communities, continues to have a sizable First Nations presence, composed of peoples from all over Vancouver Island and beyond.
3. sun shine coast
The Sunshine Coast is a region of the southern mainland coast of British Columbia, Canada, on the mainland on the eastern shore of the Strait of Georgia, and just northwest of Greater Vancouver. It includes the coastal areas of the regional district of Sunshine Coast, where the name originated, and more recently the regional district of Powell River up to and including the village of Lund, farther up the coast.
While populous and frequently visited by tourists, the Sunshine Coast can be reached only by ferry (commonly BC Ferries) or by float/airplane; because of the steep, rugged terrain, no access roads have been built around or across the fiords to connect with the rest of the province. The area around Powell River, also on the mainland and inaccessible by road, is considered by some to be part of the Sunshine Coast, while others use the name to refer only to the area between Langdale (near the Town of Gibson in the south) and Egmont (in the north).
Population centres on the Lower Sunshine Coast include Gibsons (near the BC Ferries terminal at Langdale for vessels coming from Vancouver),Roberts Creek, and Sechelt on the isthmus. On the Sechelt Peninsula are Halfmoon Bay, Secret Cove (in between Sechelt and Pender Harbour) and Pender Harbour. At the north end of the peninsula, the ferry to Powell River docks near Egmont at Earl's Cove. These small settlements are near Skookumchuck Narrows, where the skookumchuck or "strong water", the world's biggest tidal marine rapids, channels the tidal flow in and out of the fiord known as Sechelt Inlet.
ONTARIO
Ontario is one of the provinces of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province or territory and second largest province in total area. Ontario is fourth largest in total area when the territories of The Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included. It is home to the nation's capital city, Ottawa, and the nation's most populous city, Toronto.
Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west, Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north, and Quebec to the east, and to the south by the U.S. states of Minnesota, Michigan, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania. All but a small part of Ontario's 2,700 km (1,677 mi) border with the United States follows inland waterways: from the west at Lake of the Woods, eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system. These are the Rainy River, the Pigeon River, Lake Superior, the St. Marys River, Lake Huron, the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River, Lake Erie, the Niagara River, Lake Ontario and along the St. Lawrence River from Kingston, Ontario, to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall, Ontario.
Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontario's population and its arable land is located in the south. In contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated.
1. Toronto
Toronto is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the north-western shore of Lake Ontario. Toronto is a relatively modern city. Its history begins in the late 18th century, when the British Crown purchased its land from the Mississauga's of the New Credit. The British established a settlement there, called the Town of York, which its lieutenant governor, John Graves Simcoe, designated as the capital of Upper Canada. The city was ransacked in the Battle of York during the War of 1812. In 1834, York was incorporated as a city and renamed Toronto. It was damaged in two huge fires, in 1849 and 1904. Over the years, Toronto has several times expanded its borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities, most recently in 1998.
The city has 2.6 million residents, according to the 2011 Census. It is currently the fifth most populous city in North America. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,583,064,and the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) had a population of 6,054,191 in the 2011 Census. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area, and of the densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe. Its cosmopolitan and international population reflects its role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. Toronto is one of the world's most diverse cities by percentage of non-native-born residents, with about 49% of the population born outside Canada. As Canada's commercial capital, it is home to the Toronto Stock Exchange and some of the nation's largest banks. Toronto will host the 2015 Pan American Games.
2. CN Tower
The CN Tower is a 553.33 m-high (1,815.4 ft) concrete communications and observation tower in Downtown Toronto, Ontario Canada. It was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure and world's tallest tower at the time. It held both records for 34 years until the completion of Burj Khalifa and Canton Tower in 2010. It remains the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere, a signature icon of Toronto's skyline, and a symbol of Canada, attracting more than two million international visitors annually.
Its name "CN" originally referred to Canadian National, the railway company that built the tower. Following the railway's decision to divest non-core freight railway assets, prior to the company's privatization in 1995, it transferred the tower to the Canada Lands Company, a federal Crown corporation responsible for real estate development. Since the name CN Tower became common in daily usage, the abbreviation was eventually expanded to Canadian National Tower or Canada's National Tower. However, neither of these names is commonly used.
In 1995, the CN Tower was declared one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It also belongs to the World Federation of Great Towers, where it holds second-place ranking.
3. HTO Park
The park is built on quays that was once used by ships berthing in Toronto's Inner Harbour.
The park consists of two sections:
HTO Park West is built on the eastern half of Maple Leaf Quay
HTO Park East is built on the old Peter Street Slip
The two quays are concrete man made infill from the early 20th Century. The eastern portion was home to Maple Leaf Mills Silos until 1983. The western half was home to a smaller industrial business with a small office structure and tanks During the 1980s, a condo project was built on part of Maple Leaf Quay while the rest stood empty as a parking lot. The eastern portion lay empty in the 1980s and 1990s.
