travel behavior chapter one

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Travel Behaviour

Nik Rozilaini WanMohamed Kampus Bandaraya Melaka

Chapter 1

www.themegallery.com

Contents

Tourists behaviours

Customers behaviours

Theories

Tourism Study4

1

2

3

Introduction


Introduction Tourism Behaviour

• The disciplinary perspective of psychology is an important element in Tourism Industry.

• Some outline some of the fundamental components of the study of tourism from a psychological standpoint.

• Focus two dimensions: an understanding of the behaviour of the individual tourist, and understanding of the social, the organisational and the community contexts.


Conceptualisations of tourism

Burkart and Medlik (1981) assert that four major characteristics of touristsmay be identified. They may be summarised thus:

They are people who undertake a journey to, and stay in, various destinations.

Their destinations are distinct from their normal place of residence and work, so that their activities are not the same as those of the resident and working populations of their destinations.

Their intention is to return within a few days or months, so the journey is of a temporary and short-term nature.

Their purpose for undertaking the journey is other than to take up permanent residence or employment remunerated from within the destinations.


Models of Tourism

Adapted from Leiper 1990


Tourism and PsychologyPearce and Stringer (1991), commenting on the psychology-tourism interface have used a 'levels of analysis' approach,

• describing psychological enquiry as focusing variously on biological and physiological processes, cognitive and mental processes, individual differences, inter-individual behaviour, and cross- cultural or between-group behaviours.

• some studies of interest are said to be closely allied to medical and biological processes, while at the most general 'level', they argue that contemporary psychology is best conceived as the sum of these levels of study.

• Each of these levels of analysis is seen as having its own special methods, publication outlets, and scientific standing.


Tourist Behaviour

Tourists are subject to certain behaviour before, during and after travelling. This is conceptualised as travel behaviour.

This behaviour is the direct result of interaction between certain personal and environmental variables on a continuous basis.

Notice is given to the influence of people and situations on both sides and the reaction according to this influence.

Travel behaviour can therefore be defined as the way tourists behave according to their attitudes towards a certain product and their response by making use of the product (March & Woodside, 2005; George, 2004).


The Importance Tourist Behavior


Customer Behaviour


Consumer Behavior


Customer Behaviour

Consumer behaviour (CB) involves certain decisions, activities, ideas or experiences that satisfy consumer needs and wants(Solomon, 1996).

It is ‘concerned with all activities directly involved in obtaining, consuming and disposing of products and services, including the decision processes that precede and follow these actions’ (Engel, Blackwell, & Miniard,1995, p. 4)


Conceptual Scheme Theories and Tourism Study

• Conceptual schemes are more abstract and organised than empirical generalisations. Even a lengthy list of what is known about a specific topic does not constitute a conceptual scheme.

• The format in which conceptual schemes can be expressed is variable. They may simply be verbal statements specifying relationships.


Conceptual Scheme Theories and Tourism Study

• Models are a particularly important subcategory of conceptual schemes since diagrammatic and spatially-portrayed links between variables and forces tend to have considerable power as a mechanism for the communica tion of ideas (Blalock, 1969).

• In addition, conceptual schemes can include stage or sequence approaches that define steps in an ordered process.


Concept Map for Understanding Tourists Behaviour

(Source : Saul Wurman 1989)

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