COBISS Conference

12 November 2009

Karen CalhounVice President, WorldCat & Metadata Services, OCLC

Traveling Through Transitions: From Surviving to Thriving

Traveling Through Transitions: From Surviving to Thriving

Available on SlideShareAvailable on SlideShare

http://www.slideshare.net/amarintha/traveling-through-transitions-slovenia

OutlineOutline

1. Trends in librarianship and libraries

2. User-centered design and “quality” in the user workflow from discovery to delivery

3. A new context for catalogs and cataloging: Metadata 2.0

4. Managing the distributed nature of metadata creation and exchange

5. Everywhere the library

1. Top Trends in Librarianship and Libraries1. Top Trends in Librarianship and Libraries

Pressure on budgets,

personnel, and space

Changing, complex

information landscape

Re-examination of the value of libraries

and librarianship

Shrinking Technical Services Departments in Academic LibrariesShrinking Technical Services Departments in Academic Libraries

“Perhaps the strongest theme [of the compilation] is the notion that technical services is and will be faced with constant rapid change… Other oft-articulated themes across chapters include shrinking technical services departments faced with rising demand for new services, especially e-resource access…”—Karen Calhoun, LRTS review of Brad Eden’s compilation of essays, Innovative Redesign and Reorganization of Library Technical Services, 2004.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03

Staff FTELinear (Staff FTE)

Actual data from a large universitylibrary: 22% reduction in staff sizeover 5 years …And this was BEFORE the 2008economic downturn

Competition for Staffing Resources to Assign to New Initiatives in LibrariesCompetition for Staffing Resources to Assign to New Initiatives in Libraries

• Engage with institutional or community-based repositories

• Scholarly publishing expertise/communications

• Support for digital asset management in the communities served

• New services for [fill in the blank]

• Develop new alliances, partnerships

• Reveal “hidden collections”

• Integrate library into learning management systems, teaching and research, portals, scholar’s workstation, personal productivity tools

• 24/7 access

• Major space renovation

• Offsite storage

• Next generation systems

Pressure on Space: Collections, Users, Staff – Which Gets Priority?

Pressure on Space: Collections, Users, Staff – Which Gets Priority?

Hint: It’s not the staff

Pressure on Space: Collections, Users, Staff – Which Gets Priority?

Pressure on Space: Collections, Users, Staff – Which Gets Priority?

$108 millionRenovation of OhioState University Library:“The books had come to clutter thelibrary”

Hint: it’s not the books

http://chronicle.com/blogPost/Library-Renovation-at Ohio/4700

Pressure on Space: Collections, Users, Staff – Which Gets Priority?

Pressure on Space: Collections, Users, Staff – Which Gets Priority?

By: Paolo Màrgarihttp://www.flickr.com/photos/paolomargari/786017449/

Hint: it’s the users

Sheffield University, UKInformation Commons

Today’s libraries exist in physical and virtual space. A library is thus both a manifest place and an experienceof real, but intangible, “cyberspace” for those who interact with it. One may describe a library system in termsof the relationships between users, collections, library staff,and space, with “space” defined both as buildings and as virtual, networked information space.

--Cornell University Library. 2003. MAS2010: Models for AcademicSupport: Report to the Mellon Foundationhttp://www.library.cornell.edu/MAS/MAS2010%20Final%20Report.pdf

Another Type of Space Gets Priority: The Virtual Library (Embedded, on the Web)

Another Type of Space Gets Priority: The Virtual Library (Embedded, on the Web)

BuildingVirtualSpace

An Early Earthquake: Where Do You Begin an Online Search for Information on a Topic?

An Early Earthquake: Where Do You Begin an Online Search for Information on a Topic?

Starting an Information Search

89

20

20

40

60

80

100

Search engine Library Web site

Where Search Begins

Pe

rce

nt

(2005) College Students’ Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources: a Report to the OCLC Membership: http://www.oclc.org/reports/perceptionscollege.htm

LC Action Item 6.4: “Support research and development on the changing nature of the catalog to include consideration of a framework for its integration with other discovery tools.”

Calhoun, Karen. The Changing Nature of the Catalog and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools.  Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 17 March 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/calhoun-report-final.pdf

The Catalog in ContextThe Catalog in Context

Online catalogs represent one node in the end user’s information universe

Geocentric/Aristotelian view:The local catalog is thesun

Heliocentric/Copernican view:The local catalogis a planet

WorldCat PartnersWorldCat Partners

Google, Google Books, Google Scholar

HCI Bibliography : Human-Computer Interaction Resources

http://www.oclc.org/worldcatorg/overview/partnersites/default.htm

WorldCat: Global Integrator, Driving Searches to LibrariesWorldCat: Global Integrator, Driving Searches to Libraries

Pushing metadata out, pulling users in:

It’s all about linking metadata

Slovenian Libraries in WorldCatSlovenian Libraries in WorldCat

NEWS!

24 Sep - 19 Oct 2009

First upload of records from COBIB.SI into WorldCat (3,063,840 bibliographic records and 4,309,076 holdings)

New WorldCat records added: 3,063,840

Synchronization: Being Where Their Eyes AreSynchronization: Being Where Their Eyes Are

WorldCat Partner Sites & WorldCat…

Synchro of data

Other partners

COBISS.Net

2. User-Centered Design2. User-Centered Design

Source: Experientia web site

Core Values

“Discoverability” Report: University of Minnesota Libraries, February 2009http://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/48258

“Discoverability” Report: University of Minnesota Libraries, February 2009http://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/48258

Objective Analysis

•Evidence-based•Open-minded approach•Disinterested analysis

User-centric

•Accept user behavior as it is, not as we wish it would be

Beyond a “system”

•Identify strategies for exposing collections effectively•Not replacing Tool A with Tool B

Efficiencies

•Explore possibilities for collaboration at the network and/or consortial level

Users are discovering relevant resources outside library systems

Users expect discovery and delivery to coincide

Usage of portable devices is expanding

Discovery increasingly happens through recommending

Users increasingly rely on emerging nontraditional information objects

Trends

“Quality” in the User Workflow from Discovery to Delivery “Quality” in the User Workflow from Discovery to Delivery

Library user studies suggest that users expect finding and getting information they want, when and where they want it, to be easy and convenient.

These users’ tolerance for barriers to easy andconvenient discovery and delivery is limited.

“A colleague … sang the praises of the digital world to us. He can now, he told us, get direct access to information … His enthusiasm had screened out an enormous array of people, organizations, and institutions involved in this “direct” touch. The university, the library, publishers, editors, referees, authors, the computer and infrastructure designers, the cataloguers and library collection managers, right down to the students working their way through college by [working in the library] had no place in his story.”

Brown, John Seely, and Paul Duguid. 2000. The social life of information. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

The (invisible) cloud of

complexity onthe global

metadata network

The (invisible) cloud of

complexity onthe global

metadata network

An End to End View of a High Quality Discovery to Delivery Process

An End to End View of a High Quality Discovery to Delivery Process

TextPrintLicensedDigitalArchivalDataImagesSoundVideoMultimediaObjectsMore

Expectation:Easily Find It AND Easily

Get It

Emerging Principles of Information Organization: Use, Usage, and Usability Assessment

Emerging Principles of Information Organization: Use, Usage, and Usability Assessment

“As the needs and expectations of library users change in the digital environment, libraries are trying to find the best ways to define their user communities, understand what they value, and evolve digital library collections and services to meet their demands.”—Denise Troll Covey

Covey, Denise Troll. 2002. Usage and usability assessment: library practicesand concerns. CLIR. http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub105/pub105.pdf

What Do We Know About Designing Library Systems with the User In Mind?

What Do We Know About Designing Library Systems with the User In Mind?

• Some examples of

1.Online catalog studies

2.Research into use and users of digital library collections

Grad Ravne

Online Catalogs: What Users and Librarians WantOnline Catalogs: What Users and Librarians Want

End-Users expect online catalogs:

to look like popular Web sites

to have summaries, abstracts, tables of contents

to link directly to needed information

Librarians expect online catalogs:

to serve end users’ information needs

to help staff carry out work responsibilities

to have accurate, structured data

to exhibit classical principles of organization

http://www.oclc.org/us/en/reports/onlinecatalogs/default.htm

April 2009

Recommended enhancements to WorldCatTotal end-user responses

End-User Results: Recommended Enhancements

4

Librarian/Staff Results: Highlighted Differences

9

1

Research into use and users of digital library collections

Research into use and users of digital library collections

“Digital libraries, far from being simple digital versions of library holdings, are now attracting a new type of public, bringing about new, unique and original ways for reading and understanding texts.”—BibUsages Study 2002 [3]

“The availability of primary sources has been crucial for the success of my teaching in history. Students have remarked what a difference it has made, and I have noticed a big difference between this course with the availability of online primary resources to those I have taught before that were based on printed resources.” –History instructor, University of California [2]

Usage of University of Wisconsin Digital Collections 2001-2008 [1]

R2 = 0.9701

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

8000000

9000000

10000000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Mill

ion

s o

f S

essi

on

s/U

ses

“The function of searching across collections is a dream frequently discussed but seldom realized at a robust level. This paper … discusses how we might move from isolated digital collections to interoperable digital libraries.”

—Howard Besser [4]

3. A New Context for Catalogs and Cataloging3. A New Context for Catalogs and Cataloging

Bibliographic Control

Desktop (TS Workstation)

Data Management

The Web

New sources/types of records

Network, hardware and software administration

Relational Data Management

Authoring

New workflows Integrated library systems >>

“Cloud” systems

SQL: queries and reports

Publishing

New metadata standards

Macros, scripts; automated workflows

More data manipulation, less

data entry

Web site organization and

management E-resources and digital collections

Growing number of applications

Global change Digital library management

systems

Based on Calhoun, Karen. Technology, productivity, and changein library technical services. Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services Volume 27, Issue 3, Autumn 2003, Pages 281-289

http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/news/lcwg-ontherecord-jan08-final.pdf

http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/news/lcwg-ontherecord-jan08-final.pdf

R2 Report for Library of Congresshttp://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/news/MARC_Record_Marketplace_2009-10.pdf

R2 Report for Library of Congresshttp://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/news/MARC_Record_Marketplace_2009-10.pdf

Library of Congress Study of the North American MARC Records Marketplace

October 2009

www.r2consulting.org

R2 Consulting LLC

Ruth FischerRick Lugg

© 2009

• Cataloging backlogs continue to grow

• There is adequate cataloging capacity in North America to meet the need for cataloging

• Cooperative cataloging has not realized its potential

• There is still widespread resistance to accepting the cataloging of another library

Metadata 2.0: The Changing Context for Metadata Management After the Web

Metadata 2.0: The Changing Context for Metadata Management After the Web

B.W. (Before the Web)• For finding and

managing library materials (mostly print)

• Catalog records (well-understood rules and encoding conventions)

• Shared cooperative cataloging systems

• Usually handcrafted, one at a time

A.W. (After the Web)• For finding and managing

many types of materials, for many user communities

• Many types of records, many sources

• Loosely coupled metadata management, reuse and exchange services among multiple repositories

• Multiple batch creation and metadata extract, conversion, mapping, ingest and transfer services

Institutionalrepository

Digital collectionsCitationDBs

Full Text DBsE-books

An Increasingly Complex, Demanding Environment to Support

An Increasingly Complex, Demanding Environment to Support

Onlinecatalog

ILS Acquisitions dataCirc/status dataPrint holdings data

Link resolver

KnowledgeBase(s)

E-resource management system (ERM)

DescribeE-Resource

Selectors &Reference Staff

AcquisitionsStaff

Catalogers

Vendors,Publishers,Authors

Other players and tools:Variety of agentsMetadata knowledge basesERMs, etc.

Metadata for Library Catalog,A-Z List, Repository …Information

Technology Staff

A Widely Distributed E-Resource Metadata Management Process

Adapted from Calhoun, Karen. 2000. “Redesign of Library Workflows: Experimental Models for Electronic Resource Description.” In: Bicentennial Conference on Bibliographic Control for the New Millennium: [Washington, D.C.]: Library of Congress. http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol/

Metadata creation and management supply chain todayMetadata creation and management supply chain today

PUBLISHERPRINT

MATERIALS

PUBLISHERE-CONTENT

E-CONTENT AGGREGATOR

WHOLESALER/DISTRIBUTOR

RETAILER

OPEN ACCESS E-CONTENT

SUBSCRIPTION AGENT

-- KNOWLEDGE BASES-- LINK

RESOLVERS-- ERM

LIBRARY

INSTITUTIONALCONTENT

PRINT AND E

-- KNOWLEDGE BASES-- LINK

RESOLVERS-- ERM

LIBRARY CATALOG

MARC DATA AND LIBRARY

SERVICE PROVIDERS

NON-MARCTITLE DATA

SELECTIONACQUISITIONSCOLLECTION

MANAGEMENT

ILS PROVIDERS

SUPPLY CHAIN CONTENT DELIVERY

LIBRARY DATA AND SYSTEMS DELIVERY

With thanks to Renee Register, OCLC

Library or library service organizations as publishersLibrary or library service organizations as publishers

Digital libraries >> Digital library aggregatorsDigital libraries >> Digital library aggregators

Digitized text•Books, newspapers, journals …

Digitized images•Photos, drawings, posters …•Sheet music•Maps

Sound and moving images•Recordings, oral histories•Film

Born digital materialScholarly preprints, data sets, dissertationsArchived Web sites

*Slovenian government web page, 10 Nov 2002—Internet Archive Wayback machine

*

Metadata Aggregation for Digital Library Content: Gallica in OAIster in WorldCat

Metadata Aggregation for Digital Library Content: Gallica in OAIster in WorldCat

More info: http://www.oclc.org/oaister/default.htm

More Metadata SourcesMore Metadata Sources

• Bibliography – cataloging ; abstracting and indexing services

• Authority and classification data• Terminologies• Publication supply chain data

Professionally produced

• Institutional repositories• Scholarly portals (e.g., arXiv.org)• Tags, reviews, lists, etc.

Author/User contributed

• WorldCat Identities• FRBR Work Sets• Facets• Full text analysis

MinedAlgorithmically produced, re-

used, harvested …

WorldCat Identitieshttp://orlabs.oclc.org/identities/lccn-n85-277570

WorldCat Identitieshttp://orlabs.oclc.org/identities/lccn-n85-277570

Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)http://viaf.org/

Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)http://viaf.org/

Global Librarianship, Scholar Identities and “Research Reputation Management”

Global Librarianship, Scholar Identities and “Research Reputation Management”

$12 million NIH grant for VivoWeb … a national, Facebook-like, professional social networkthat enables scientists to find new biomedical research and partnerships.

GROUP

LOCAL

Outward Integration, Exposure,

And LinkingOf Library Collections

(e.g., Google,WorldCat, national libraries,

consortia)

Local/GroupAuthentication,

DiscoveryAnd Delivery

Services

DataFlows,Syndication,Synchronization,Linking

4. Managing the distributed nature of metadata creation and exchange

GLOBAL

Synchronizing “Group” and “Local” Catalogs: Aggregators with Aggregators

Synchronizing “Group” and “Local” Catalogs: Aggregators with Aggregators

CBS Union

Database

SRU

Central Library District Library

SRU

Design School Library

OCLC MARCCommon

DataFormat

MARC 21-2709

OCLC MARC

OCLC CDF

MARC XML

DC XML

DC-QualifiedMODS

ONIX Books

MARC 21-2709

DC XML

OAI-DC XML

OCLC CDF

MARC XML

MODS

ONIX Books

Promoting reuse and interoperabilityPromoting reuse and interoperability

DC-QualifiedONIX Serials

OutputsInputs

RDA

5. Everywhere, the Library5. Everywhere, the Library

Library as Place Place as Library

National and University Library, Slovenia

Bringing writers, readers, and libraries togetherBringing writers, readers, and libraries together

• Local catalog linked to a chain of services • Infrastructure to permit global, national or

regional, and local discovery and delivery of information among open, loosely-coupled systems

• Critical mass of digitized publications, special collections, and born digital materials online

• Many starting points on the Web leading to many types of information objects

• Switch users from where they find things to library-managed collections of all kinds

We Can Be Connected: With Our Communities and With Each OtherWe Can Be Connected: With Our Communities and With Each Other

No man is an Island, entire of itself;every man is a piece of the Continent, a part of the main.Meditation XVII, John Donne

No libraryis an island(no matterhowbig)

St. Gallen LibraryAttribution: Ben and Clarehttp://flickr.com/photos/benandclare/1096666766/

Derring-doDerring-do

Digital Collections Slide - CitationsDigital Collections Slide - Citations

[1] Data source for chart: University of Wisconsin Digital Collections Center. Summary Statistics. http://uwdcc.library.wisc.edu/usageStats/publicView.shtml

[2] Quote from survey respondent as reported in Harley, Diane. 2007. Use and users of digital resources. Educause Quarterly 4, p. 12-20. http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/EQM0742.pdf

[3a] Assadi, Houssem, et al. 2002. Use and users of online digital libraries in France. (BibUsages project) http://bibnum.bnf.fr/usages/bibusages_ecdl2003.pdf

And

[3b] Lupovici, Catherine, and Lesquins, Noémie. 2007. Gallica 2.0: a second life for the Bibliothèque nationale de France digital library. http://www.ifla.org.sg/IV/ifla73/papers/146-Lupovici-en.pdf

[4] Besser, Howard. 2002. The next stage: moving from digital collections to interoperable digital libraries. First Monday 7:6. http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/958/879

Thank You!

Karen Calhounhttp://community.oclc.org/metalogue/

Thank You!

Karen Calhounhttp://community.oclc.org/metalogue/