TravellerH.Q. Mitchell

test booklet

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Test 1 Module 1..................................................................................................................................... 5

Test 2 Module 2..................................................................................................................................... 10

Test 3 Module 3..................................................................................................................................... 15

Mid-term Test......................................................................................................................................... 20

Test 4 Module 4..................................................................................................................................... 26

Test 5 Module 5..................................................................................................................................... 31

Test 6 Module 6..................................................................................................................................... .36

Final Test...................................................................................................................................................... 41

Contents

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Traveller

A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.

Test 1 Module 11. VOCABULARY

B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals.

Traveller

1. The Global Health Charity Organisation held a rock festival last week, the of which are going towards

famine relief in central Africa.

a. winnings b. proceeds c. earnings d. savings

2. After trying every trick in the book to get the boys to conform, the principal had no choice but to give them a ten-day

for repeatedly violating the school rules.

a. expulsion b. assessment c. instruction d. suspension

3. Even though I’ve known Sven for so many years, I only found out yesterday that his mother is from Moscow, so he’s

Russian.

a. part b. slightly c. a bit d. somewhat

4. I will use this example to my point.

a. portray b. illustrate c. depict d. sketch

5. Jason is a very capable individual, not only is he exceptionally good at his own business but he is also

involved in a lot of charity work.

a. doing b. making c. running d. operating

6. As a(n) you receive most of your training on the job while working for an employer who helps you

learn the necessary skills for a particular trade.

a. exchange student b. apprentice c. instructor d. collaborator

7. He donated the he received for the reproduction of his play to various charities.

a. alimony b. bonus c. royalties d. commission

8. Although I wear designer clothes, I wait for the sales to get them a discount.

a. in b. at c. on d. for 8SCORE

1. The interviewer told me that unfortunately I was for the position in QUALIFY

question as I significantly exceeded the job requirements.

2. The fact that unemployment numbers have reached levels is causing PRECEDENT

wide-spread concern.

3. Paying for expensive goods using monthly is a convenience but you need INSTALL

to keep your spending in check because it can easily get out of hand.

4. I’m saving the weekly my parents give me in the hope that I can spend the ALLOW

year after I finish school travelling.

5. Not only did I find the lecture on genetics boring but I also found it . COMPREHEND

6. Diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis and malaria continue to affect populations in developing countries FUND

because research efforts are .

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Traveller7. The that Jenny received hardly made up for the emotional distress of COMPENSATE

losing her pet dog.

8. developments in gene therapy are set to help people with a predisposition ORDINARY

to a particular disease deal with it before its onset.

C. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences below.

1. Corporal / Capital punishment is considered by a large majority of pedagogists to be an unacceptable way to discipline

unruly children.

2. I was really annoyed when I had to fork / splash out a huge sum of money to fix the windowpane in my lounge when the

parents of the kid who broke it refused to pay for it.

3. Vocational / Tertiary training is essential for those who wish to develop expertise and practical knowhow for a specific

line of work.

4. I have difficulty memorising facts so I always found experiential / rote learning to be extremely difficult and time-

consuming.

5. I am never buying from that mini-market again as everything is so overpriced; it’s a clear case of armed / daylight

robbery.

6. It’s going to take the better part of my life to buy / pay off my mortgage.

7. She felt she had to get out of the building because a nagging premonition / foresight told her that something was going to

go terribly wrong.

8. The severance / compensation pay I received after getting fired helped tide me over until I found myself a new job.

8SCORE

A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.

�. gRAmmAR

1. He must be very clumsy because this is the fifth time he down the stairs.

a. falls b. is falling c. has fallen d. has been falling

2. I on this assignment all day but it’s still nowhere near finished.

a. work b. am working c. have worked d. have been working

3. If he , tell him that the deal hasn’t gone through yet.

a. call b. called c. should call d. will call

4. I am more than willing to lend you my laptop you give it back to me before the weekend.

a. supposing b. unless c. as long as d. should

5. King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand currently the largest faceted diamond, known as The Golden

Jubiliee Diamond.

a. owns b. is owning c. has owned d. has been owning

6. _______________ you apply yourself throughout the year, you cannot expect to get a distinction in the end of year

exams.

a. Unless b. Provided c. Supposing d. On condition

8SCORE

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Traveller

8SCORE

B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do

not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given.

7. Samuel is studying to be a paediatrician, so he England for the last four years.

a. has gone to b. has been in c. has been to d. is in

8. I’ve always considered her to be a model; I don’t know why the model agency felt that her height was

insufficient.

a. too tall b. very tall c. quite tall d. tall enough

C. Complete the blanks using the words in the box. There are two extra words which you will not need to use.

1. I studied very hard because I wanted to do my in the language exam I sat for this morning.

2. I find this to be one of the mundane tasks I have ever been called upon to do.

3. Your score in the vocabulary test is pretty satisfactory but I’m sure you have the potential to do

even .

4. My son is not of a swimmer so when we go to the sea I have to be on my guard.

5. I personally believe that the you worry about something, the worse you make the situation.

6. I was worried about my exam results which were coming out the next day that I couldn’t get

a wink of sleep.

so least most better best more much too

8SCORE

6SCORE

1. I started playing the piano ten years ago but I still haven’t mastered it.

BEEN

In spite of the fact that I , I still

haven’t mastered it.

2. I think that you should seriously consider participating in an exchange programme as it would do you the world of good.

POSITION

If I participating in an

exchange programme as it would do you the world of good.

3. Out of the two I think I liked the second restaurant the least.

BETTER

I think that the one.

4. I suggest you speak to your lecturer in person to explain why you didn’t hand in your assignment on time instead of

sending him an e-mail.

IDEA

Instead of sending your lecturer an e-mail I think

to him in person to explain why you didn’t hand in your assignment on time.

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They conversed of things I had never heard of; of nations and times past; of countries far away; of secrets of nature discovered or guessed at: they spoke of books: how many they had read! What stores of knowledge they possessed! Then they seemed so familiar with French names and French authors: but my amazement reached its climax when Miss Temple asked Helen if she sometimes snatched a moment to recall the Latin her father had taught her, and taking a book from a shelf, bade her read and construe a page of Virgil; and Helen obeyed, my organ of veneration expanding at every sounding line. She had scarcely finished ere the bell announced bedtime: no delay could be admitted; Miss Temple embraced us both, saying, as she drew us to her heart -

“God bless you, my children!” Helen she held a little longer than me: she let her go more reluctantly; it was Helen her eye followed to the door; it

was for her she a second time breathed a sad sigh; for her she wiped a tear from her cheek. On reaching the bedroom, we heard the voice of Miss Scatcherd: she was examining drawers; she had just pulled

out Helen Burns’s, and when we entered Helen was greeted with a sharp reprimand, and told that tomorrow she should have half-a-dozen of untidily folded articles pinned to her shoulder.

“My things were indeed in shameful disorder,” murmured Helen to me, in a low voice: “I intended to have arranged them, but I forgot.”

Next morning, Miss Scatcherd wrote in conspicuous characters on a piece of pasteboard the word “Slattern,” and bound it like a phylactery round Helen’s large, mild, intelligent, and benign-looking forehead. She wore it till evening, patient, unresentful, regarding it as a deserved punishment. The moment Miss Scatcherd withdrew after afternoon school, I ran to Helen, tore it off, and thrust it into the fire: the fury of which she was incapable had been burning in my soul all day, and tears, hot and large, had continually been scalding my cheek; for the spectacle of her sad resignation gave me an intolerable pain at the heart.

About a week subsequently to the incidents above narrated, Miss Temple, who had written to Mr. Lloyd, received his answer: it appeared that what he said went to corroborate my account. Miss Temple, having assembled the whole school, announced that inquiry had been made into the charges alleged against Jane Eyre, and that she was most happy to be able to pronounce her completely cleared from every imputation. The teachers then shook hands with me and kissed me, and a murmur of pleasure ran through the ranks of my companions.

Thus relieved of a grievous load, I from that hour set to work afresh, resolved to pioneer my way through every difficulty: I toiled hard, and my success was proportionate to my efforts; my memory, not naturally tenacious, improved with practice; exercise sharpened my wits; in a few weeks I was promoted to a higher class; in less than two months I was allowed to commence French and drawing. I learned the first two tenses of the verb ETRE, and sketched my first cottage (whose walls, by-the-bye, outrivalled in slope those of the leaning tower of Pisa), on the same day. That night, on going to bed, I forgot to prepare in imagination the Barmecide supper of hot roast potatoes, or white bread and new milk, with which I was wont to amuse my inward cravings: I feasted instead on the spectacle of ideal drawings, which I saw in the dark; all the work of my own hands: freely pencilled houses and trees, picturesque rocks and ruins, Cuyp-like groups of cattle, sweet paintings of butterflies hovering over unblown roses, of birds picking at ripe cherries, of wren’s nests enclosing pearl-like eggs, wreathed about with young ivy sprays. I examined, too, in thought, the possibility of my ever being able to translate currently a certain little French story which Madame Pierrot had that day shown me; nor was that problem solved to my satisfaction ere I fell sweetly asleep.

line 32

�. READINgRead the text and answer the questions 1-�. Choose a, b, c or d.

Published in 1847, this critically acclaimed novel tells the story of a young girl who

overcomes great adversity and blossoms into an independent woman of impeccable

character. Orphaned at a young age, Jane spends her early years at Lowood, a charity school

for girls, where the pupils are forced to live in appalling conditions. When the headmaster,

Mr Brocklehurst, brands Jane a liar in front of the entire school, Jane is determined to

clear her name, and she enlists the help of the kindly superintendent, Miss Temple. Miss

Temple offers to write to Mr Lloyd, an apothecary who treated Jane in the past, to verify

that Jane is indeed an honest girl. As the extract begins, Jane and her friend, Helen, are

having tea with Miss Temple.

Jane Eyre by Charlotte BrontëJane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë

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Traveller1. How does Jane feel while listening to Helen and Miss Temple converse?a. fascinated by their wealth of knowledgeb. bored by their constant references to French authorsc. envious of the fact that Miss Temple seems to favour

Helen over herd. frustrated at her inability to participate in the

conversation2. Why did the girls leave Miss Temple?

a. Miss Temple suggested that they should go.b. Miss Temple was too moved to continue the

conversation. c. They had to go to their bedroom immediately.d. Miss Scatcherd was waiting for them in their

bedroom. 3. How does Helen feel about her punishment?

a. She’s furious.b. She feels she’s been mistreated and plans to take

revenge on Miss Scatcherd.c. She is accepting of her punishment. d. She feels angry and complains to Jane about it.

4. Why does Jane throw the pasteboard that was tied to Helen’s head into the fire?a. She could no longer bear to watch her friend’s passive

acceptance of an unjust punishment.b. She wanted her friend to realise that Miss Scatcherd

was wrong.c. She couldn’t stand seeing her friend crying.d. It was the least she could do to take revenge on Miss

Scatcherd.

5. The word ‘imputation’ in line 32 means:a. judgementb. criticismc. deceitd. blame

6. What’s the ‘grievous load’ Jane mentions in line 34?a. Mr Lloyd’s letter to Miss Temple.b. The inquiry made by Miss Temple.c. The unfair accusation of Jane being a liar.d. The lack of trust from Jane’s companions.

7. What does Jane do once Miss Temple announces that her name has been cleared?a. She turns her attention to her studies.b. She tries to improve her memory.c. She begins studying for a French test.d. She decides to become an artist.

8. Jane sketches her first cottage and, that night, it seems thata. she experiences a feeling of complete satisfaction.b. she realises that she should focus on drawing

landscapes.c. she has changed her fantasies.d. she sets new goals after reviewing what has happened

during the day.

You will hear an employment expert giving a speech at a job fair. The topic of his speech is: ‘Jobs that didn’t exist ten years ago’. For questions 1-� complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

�. LIstENINg

1. The new job opportunities that have arisen can perhaps offer those looking for a job greater career

in the future.

2. Many companies are letting their customers know what are available to them through

social networking sites.

3. A social media manager’s responsibilities include making the public more aware of a .

4. Bloggers are required to have strong and .

5. Business continuity planners come up with to ward off attacks from cyber space or

even terrorists.

6. Among the services telecommuters offer large companies are customer service and .

7. Video game manufacturers want their games to be both and enjoyable.

8. The global economic crisis has given some new business opportunities.

9. Hiring an interior redesigner is a way to give your home

a new appearance.

16SCORE

80TOTAL SCORE

18SCORE

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Traveller

A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.

8SCORE

Test 2 Module 21. VOCABULARY

1. Although the food at this diner is nothing to write home about, the service is as the waitresses are very polite

and efficient.

a. unspoilt b. idyllic c. outstanding d. lush

2. Edwin Anderson is a double agent who remains a(n) figure throughout the novel as the reader never finds out

his true identity.

a. shadowy b. prosperous c. commendable d. exclusive

3. Edward VIII reigned as King for a short period of time and was the only British monarch to voluntarily the

throne.

a. extinguish b. relinquish c. vanquish d. distinguish

4. This seminar a large variety of activities that are sure to help you achieve the level of competency required to

work independently.

a. enables b. encloses c. encompasses d. enchants

5. The witness’s testimony gave to the defendant’s claim that he had been dining at Harrington’s at the time of the

murder.

a. vent b. lie c. ground d. place

6. Having not thought of an alternative course of action, I found myself in a difficult situation when my plan .

a. backwashed b. backlashed c. backtracked d. backfired

7. If he accepted the promotion, it would involve him being to the head offices in France.

a. transformed b. transported c. transferred d. transmitted

8. Local delicacies make trying the cuisine worth your while.

a. lush b. traditional c. elegant d. vibrant

B. Use the word given to form a suitable idiom and complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning

to the first.1. I personally would feel terribly embarrassed wearing a dress like the one Sally wore to the party yesterday night. DEAD

I personally wearing a dress like the one Sally wore to

the party yesterday night.

2. Mary really offended John yesterday when she said that he didn’t stand a chance of getting into law school. FOOT

Mary really when she said that John didn’t stand a

chance of getting into law school.

3. I was extremely frightened when I heard a growling noise coming out of my wardrobe; fortunately it was only my brother

playing a prank on me. SKIN

I nearly when I heard a growling noise coming out of my

wardrobe; fortunately it was only my brother playing a prank on me.

4. I found it difficult to look serious when my supervisor, who is never at a loss for words, sat speechless looking mindlessly

at a colleague of mine who threw her resignation in his face. FACE

I found it difficult to when my supervisor, who is never

at a loss for words, sat speechless looking mindlessly at a colleague of mine who had thrown her resignation in his face.

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12SCORE

8SCORE

1. It is said that when the great queen died she was along with her favourite jewellery.

2. After bumping his head, Andrew became terribly and found it difficult to find his way back

to the camp.

3. Jack found himself overpowered when he attempted to single-handedly the burglars he saw

breaking into his neighbour’s house.

4. My husband had a luxurious suite with a balcony overlooking the sea for our silver wedding

anniversary.

5. I would appreciate it if you would from smoking in my presence as I have an allergy to

cigarette smoke.

6. The ring particles that around Saturn are made up almost entirely of water ice.

7. The passengers all forward when the bus driver suddenly slammed on the brakes.

8. Until the necessary arrangements have been finalised, the illegal immigrants who are to be

are being kept at removal centres.

disarm orbit deport inter

disorientate refrain lurch reserve

5. Samantha has been very happy ever since she got a place on that graduate training scheme. CLOUD

Samantha ever since she got a place on that graduate

training scheme.

6. Ben had never met any of Sissy’s relatives so he felt really uncomfortable and out of place at her family get-together. FISH

Ben had never met any of Sissy’s relatives so he felt at her

family get-together.

C. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.

D. Complete the sentences below by using prepositions to complete the prepositional phrases.

1. I work walking distance from my house so I save a heap on daily transportation expenses.

2. This quaint little village is quite literally the middle of nowhere, so make sure you take plenty of supplies

with you.

3. Living the outer suburbs means I get the best of both worlds because I can enjoy the wide open spaces but

still live close enough to commute to the city centre on a daily basis.

4. Make sure that you are in top form before going on a bicycle vacation that takes you the beaten track.

5. I love visiting my grandmother who lives in a picturesque, little cottage situated the outskirts of town.

6. Just the coast of the peninsula one could see the battered bow of what had once been a majestic ship jutting

out of the water.

7. my way to work yesterday I bumped into an old friend of mine, whom I hadn’t seen since graduating from

college five years ago.

8. Legend has it that he buried the treasure the foot of a mountain under a crooked, little olive tree.

8SCORE

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TravellerA. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.

�. gRAmmAR

8SCORE

1. When I was young my grandfather a lot of time with me and he often took me fishing at the weekend.

a. was spending b. had spent c. would spend d. did spend

2. I was about to start cooking but then the phone rang and I spent the next forty minutes telling Sally about the splendid

wedding reception I the night before.

a. was attending b. had attended c. was going to attend d. did attend

3. The friend to I entrusted my secret betrayed my confidence by telling everyone what I had told her.

a. whom b. who c. that d. which

4. My husband so bad tempered but now he tends to fly off the handle about small and seemingly insignificant

things.

a. was not used to being b. had never been c. didn’t used to be d. never used to be

5. The hotel at we stayed is considered to be one of the most luxurious in the vicinity.

a. where b. which c. that d. whom

6. The paintings, depictions of still life, contained allegorical symbolism.

a. most of them were b. they were mostly c. most of which were d. the most were

7. Last night, I ready to go to bed when, suddenly, I heard a noise coming from the basement.

a. got b. had got c. was getting d. had been getting

8. We decided to take a break because we non-stop for more than six hours and we were having difficulty

concentrating on the task.

a. had been working b. were working c. had worked d. worked

B. Rewrite the sentences using a participle clause.

1. I didn’t have her telephone number so I was unable to call her to invite her over.

2. The politician was in a state of shock after seeing the election results and he refused to make any comment.

3. I was ready to leave once I had finished my work.

4. The location of the hotel on a beautiful beach makes it a perfect holiday choice.

8SCORE

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Traveller�. READINgRead the text and decide if the statements 1-� that follow are True, False or Not Mentioned.

1�

With climate change and pollution wreaking havoc on our fragile environment, individuals and businesses alike have been forced to change their behaviour and adopt new practices in an attempt to preserve our natural heritage. ‘Green’ is, evidently, the new buzz-word – from hybrid cars to eco-friendly weddings, this new wave of environmental consciousness has impacted virtually every sphere of our lives. And nowhere is this shift in attitude more apparent than in the travel industry, where ecotourism has become the fashionable choice for the eco-conscious traveller.

The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as ‘responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people’. Essentially, ecotourism involves travelling to unspoiled areas where protected plant and animal species thrive. For the ecotourist, the benefits of such travel are numerous, and include: observing (often endangered) flora and fauna; engaging with locals and learning about local culture, and even offering one’s services as a volunteer. Many countries have developed ecotourism projects that rely heavily on volunteer participation, these include: leopard monitoring and research projects in Sri Lanka; reforestation programmes in Ecuador and the various elephant protection projects in Botswana.

Ecotourism, when properly managed, enriches and empowers local communities. The money generated by ecotourism is channelled into the maintenance and development of local infrastructure and is also used to fund conservation initiatives. Ecotourism also creates jobs for locals. In some developing countries, such as Costa Rica, Nepal, Kenya and Ecuador, ecotourism is a thriving industry, and accounts for a large portion of the gross domestic product.

Ecotourism is low-impact, meaning that damage caused to the environment is minimal when compared with regular travel. Certain basic guidelines must be adhered to, for example, tourists are encouraged to explore their surrounds by foot, rather than by car. As a general rule, ecotourists opt for accommodation that makes use of alternative energy sources and they are careful not to waste water and other valuable resources. Tourists are expected to support local industries by purchasing local produce instead of imported goods, and are also required to show respect for local traditions and customs.

Successful ecotourism projects have been launched in a number of countries. In Kenya, for example, the Samburu people have turned more than a million acres of previously overgrazed land into a biodiversity conservation zone. Tourists are guided through the area by Samburu tribal warriors, and are afforded the rare opportunity to observe endangered African animals, such as Grevy’s Zebra and the reticulated giraffe, in their natural habitat.

Another notable ecotourism destination is the island of Borneo. Rich in flora and fauna, this island has much to offer the intrepid ecotourist, from rainforests and wetlands to mountain climbing excursions and botanical tours. Borneo is also home to the Sepilok Rehabilitation Centre, which was founded in 1964 to provide medical care for orphaned orang-utans. The Sukau Rainforest Lodge, situated on the banks of the Kinabatangan River, is a firm tourist favourite – this award-winning eco-lodge is built on stilts and runs entirely on rainwater and solar power.

Though many ecotourism projects have served to benefit local communities and preserve plant and animal species, some ecotourism initiatives do not meet the basic ecotourism requirements. In an attempt to capitalise on the increasing popularity of ‘green travel’, some countries have instituted controversial ecotourism projects that have violated the rights of the locals and significantly harmed the environment. In these instances, people living in natural areas have been forced to leave their homes without compensation, which has led to clashes over land rights. Attempts have been made to regulate ecotourism, but, until comprehensive legislation is passed, travellers would be wise to research ecotourism projects carefully and ensure that they give their time and money to legitimate initiatives.

Backto basics

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Traveller

You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (a, b or c) which fits best according to what you hear.

12SCORE

80TOTAL SCORE

�. LIstENINg

Extract 1

You hear a woman talking to a colleague about her

recent trip to Sweden.

1. The Ice Hotel

a. is redesigned in the spring.

b. is constructed every winter.

c. is torn down each November.

2. The man asked the woman if she’d taken photos of the

hotel because

a. she is an avid photographer.

b. he wanted to see it.

c. it will eventually disappear.

Extract 2

You hear an advertisement promoting a competition to

win a holiday at an unusual hotel.

3. To visit the Jules Undersea Lodge one must

a. be a certified diver.

b. take a three-hour diving course.

c. know how to dive.

4. To win a stay at the Jules Undersea Lodge, listeners

must

a. subscribe to Travel Now magazine.

b. call the hotel for competition details.

c. purchase the latest copy of Travel Now.

Extract 3

You hear a radio talk-show host interviewing a woman

who works in the Amazon rainforest.

5. The radio talk show is about

a. unusual job locations.

b. unusual jobs.

c. unusual travel destinations.

6. The Ariau Amazon Towers hotel is built on stilts

because

a. the indigenous peoples asked the architects to build

it that way.

b. the architects felt compelled to protect the rainforest

ecosystem.

c. the views are much better from above.

16SCORE

1. According to the writer, all aspects of modern life have been affected by the new eco-friendly trend.

2. Ecotourism has more benefits for ecotourists than for the local people.

3. Kenya is mentioned as an example of a country in which ecotourism has contributed to the strengthening of the economy.

4. Ecotourists are expected to support local communities by staying in locally owned accommodation.

5. The natural habitat of Grevy’s Zebra and the reticulated giraffe in Kenya extends throughout an area of over a million acres.

6. The Sakau Rainforest Lodge is a popular eco-friendly hotel in Borneo.

7. In some countries, ecotourism has led to conflict over land ownership and the exploitation of local people.

8. Ecotourism is a carefully regulated practice.

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Traveller

A. Choose the word that best completes the sentence.

8SCORE

Test 3 Module 31. VOCABULARY

B. Match the two halves of the sentences.

1. The wind of change in global climate policies first blew

2. Students from the Royal Arts and Crafts Institute found themselves in the spotlight yesterday

3. If we are to successfully weather the storm, we will have to pool our technological resources

4. Scientists seem to be in a fog as to

5. The representative of the environmental group hit the nail on the head

6. The director of the company hit the roof

7. Being the only environmental activist in the group I found myself swimming against the tide

8. The conservation efforts that are being made are just a drop in the ocean compared to

1. Marsupials / Amphibians are a group of mammals that give birth to young that are premature and must spend time in a

special pouch to develop.

2. The amplitude / magnitude of the earthquake that struck just south of the U.S - Mexico border on the 4th of April was

7.2 degrees on the Richter scale.

3. Although it had been unbearably hot throughout the day, the light blizzard / breeze that set in after sunset made it

possible for us to get a good night’s sleep.

4. Knowing full well that their loved ones would have alerted the authorities of their disappearance, the hikers waited

patiently at the mouth / foot of the cave.

5. Renowned economists have openly stated that they do not expect a(n) upturn / turnout in the economy until the end of

the year.

6. Rescue efforts / Emergency drills need to be carried out on a regular basis to ensure that all those living in close

proximity to the volcano know what to do if it erupts.

7. The two satellites / meteors that orbit Mars were discovered by Asaph Hall in 1877.

8. All members of the board were in agreement that handouts / cutbacks would have to be made in overseas investments.

8SCORE

a. when he said that environmental policies will have to be more aggressive to make a difference.

b. to combat global climate change as quickly and efficiently as we can.

c. with the signing of the Kyoto Protocol in Japan in 1997.

d. when he found out that valuable financial resources were being squandered on projects with a low profit margin.

e. what is needed to curb the unscrupulous squandering of natural resources.

f. how to deal with the unprecedented rate of environmental degradation.

g. when I mentioned that households should be charged depending on how much waste they generate.

h. when they presented a sculpture that depicts the plight of Mother Nature.

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Traveller

A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.

�. gRAmmAR

6 SCORE

1. Fossil fuels are a source of energy because they take millions of years to form.

2. plants utilise the heat stored in the Earth to generate electricity both sustainably and

cost-effectively.

3. We are faced with an unprecedented rate of depletion because we are using up reserves faster

than they can be replenished.

4. In a bid to reduce their footprint, residents of this community have decided to use bicycles as

their primary means of transport.

5. depletion results in more ultraviolet light from the sun reaching the Earth, which disrupts

the food chain by changing the life cycles of plants.

6. All local residents need to do is put all recyclable items into one bin because the new plant

mechanically separates materials using highly engineered systems.

ozone non-renewable carbon resource geothermal power recycling

D. Complete the sentences with the correct word in the box.

1. My supervisor very pleased about the fact that we will not be able to meet the deadline.

a. couldn’t be b. mustn’t be c. shouldn’t have been d. can’t be

2. By the end of the year, I for this company for longer than I care to remember.

a. will have to work b. will be working c. will have been working d. will work

3. It is said that at that time valuable artifacts by him on the black market for more than one hundred thousand

euros a piece.

a. were selling b. had been selling c. were being sold d. had sold

4. If you want to speak to Kathy, you will have to hurry because she’s just .

a. about leaving b. about to leave c. to leave d. to be leaving

5. I was hoping to go to the theatre but it’s too late now, the performance started by now.

a. will have b. shall have c. will be d. is going to be

6. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting but my mother to run some errands for her.

a. made me b. had me c. got me d. put me

7. Beth all night working on her assignment as the tutor was absent the next day and an extension was given.

a. needn’t have stayed up b. shouldn’t have stayed up c. shouldn’t be staying up d. didn’t have to stay up

C. Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1. tremors that occur after the main earthquake which are usually of a smaller scale

2. a large crack in the ground below the surface

3. being inactive for a long period between eruptions

4. shaking experienced during an earthquake

5. having recently erupted or likely to erupt in the immediate future

6. a gap that has opened up during an earthquake

7. a sunken area that looks like a big hole

8. molten rock under the Earth’s surface (called lava when it is ejected)

dormant active aftershocks rupture crater

magma vibrations fault

8SCORE

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Traveller8. The monthly instalment at the end of the month without delay or else your car will be

confiscated.

a. is to be paid b. is being paid c. is to be paying d. being paid

9. The walls of the office were filled valuable paintings by celebrated artists.

a. in b. of c. with d. by

10. Despite his lack of experience, he get the job done without delay and managed to save the company a lot of

money.

a. could b. couldn’t c. was able to d. wasn’t able to10SCORE

B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given.

1. I am pretty sure that they are presently renovating that hotel because I saw them delivering truck-loads of new furniture

just yesterday.

BE

It was just yesterday that I saw truck-loads of new furniture being delivered so they

that hotel.

2. Most people suspect that he was embezzling large sums of money while serving in the Ministry of Education.

HAVE

He large sums of money while

serving in the Ministry of Education.

3. John will have to have a look at my car because it’s been playing up lately and I’m worried about it breaking down and

leaving me stranded.

LOOKED

I by John because it’s been

playing up lately and I’m worried about it breaking down and leaving me stranded.

4. It is possible that various conservation groups will deal with the severity of the situation by combining forces.

MAY

It is by combining forces that the

by conservation groups.

5. It is believed that his active involvement in crucial negotiation processes has defused a potentially volatile situation.

BEEN

A potentially volatile situation

by his active involvement in crucial negotiation processes.

6. Buying such an expensive present for your boss’s wife was completely unnecessary.

HAVE

You such an expensive present

for your boss’s wife.

7. Fortunately, the central heating system had been tested by an expert before we moved into our new home.

WE

Fortunately, before we moved

into our new home.

8. Ted and Sally got married 25 years ago and next Thursday is their wedding anniversary.

WILL

By next Thursday Ted and Sally

25 years. 16 SCORE

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�. READINgSeven paragraphs have been removed from the text below. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap in the text. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

Rich in marine life and bursting with kaleidoscopic colour, coral reefs are one of the finest examples of nature’s bounty. They’ve often been described as the ‘rainforests of the sea’, and with good reason: coral reefs are the key components of some of the most complex and diverse ecosystems in nature. In fact, about 25 per cent of all marine creatures, including fish, molluscs and sponges, either depend on coral reefs for food or use them as spawning grounds. 1

Coral reefs are made up of colonies of tiny creatures called coral polyps. The polyps absorb calcium from the sea and use it to produce a limestone exoskeleton that expands as the creatures grow. Polyps feed on the larvae of shellfish, but they also need algae to thrive. Polyps enjoy a symbiotic relationship with algae – the algae live in the polyps’ tissues and provide them with nutrients; they also produce chemicals that help the polyps secrete their exoskeletons. 2

Ocean acidification is another reason why coral reefs are under threat. This occurs when excessive amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide (one of the causes of global warming), are absorbed by the ocean. The result is that sea water becomes more acidic, thus compromising the polyps’ ability to secrete their exoskeletons. If global warming continues unabated, it’s likely that all corals could become extinct within the next 100 years. 3

Destructive fishing practices are one of the main reasons why the reefs of Southeast Asia are the most threatened in the world. Fishermen in countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines routinely use explosives or sticks of dynamite to kill fish, often causing irreparable damage to coral reefs in the process. 4

Another problematic form of land-based pollution is agricultural runoff. This is water that flows from farms through river systems and into the ocean, and it often contains high levels of nitrogen and phosphates. Increased nitrogen levels in sea water cause an overgrowth of algae; as a result, the corals are deprived of sunlight and eventually die. High levels of phosphates can also kill coral by impeding the growth of the coral polyps’ exoskeletons.5

Many nations rely heavily on coral reefs for their livelihoods and food supply. The coral reef fisheries of Southeast Asia, for example, enjoy profits of about 2.4 billion dollars a year. In developing countries, roughly 25 per cent of potential fish harvests come from coral reefs. Fisheries worldwide employ about 38 million people, while another 162 million people are indirectly involved in the fishing industry. Should coral reefs continue to die out, the economic impact would be devastating, and many people would have to turn to alternative food sources to supplement their diets and their incomes. 6

And it’s not just the fishing and tourism industries that need coral reefs to thrive; coral reefs are also indispensable to the pharmaceutical industry. Research has shown that some of the organisms that live on coral reefs, such as sponges and seaweed, produce chemicals that have antibiotic and anti-inflammatory properties. These chemicals are the main ingredients of new medicines that are being formulated to treat a range of diseases and viruses. Thus, the degradation of coral reefs could have serious implications for the future of medicine. 7

One way they are doing this is by applying low voltage electrical currents through seawater to crystallise dissolved minerals onto steel structures. When this is done a white carbonate is produced which is the same mineral that natural coral reefs consist of. These steel structures are then colonized by corals at a very quick pace.

We can only hope that these and other efforts are enough to preserve our coral reefs for generations to come.

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You will hear a radio interview with a spokesman from a dolphin conservation organisation. The primary topic of conversation is how dolphins are affected by their encounters with humans. For questions 1-� choose the answer a, b, c or d which fits best according to what you hear.

10SCORE

�. LIstENINg

1. According to Rupert Clarkson, a. it appears that there is a special bond between humans and dolphins. b. humans falsely believe that dolphins are playful and friendly. c. dolphins enjoy interacting with humans. d. because of their intelligence, dolphins appreciate interacting with

humans.

2. In addition to being a pleasurable pastime, swimming with dolphins a. can stimulate people to be more sociable. b. can interfere with one’s brain function. c. can have a therapeutic effect on some afflictions. d. can make one more energetic.

3. Rupert believes that if people were more informed about dolphins, a. they would try harder to save them from extinction. b. more people would want to swim with them. c. they would gain greater insight on human-animal communication. d. they could understand the behavioural patterns of other mammals.

4. How does Rupert Clarkson feel about people swimming with dolphins? a. He is in favour of it. b. He has some reservations about it. c. He believes it should not be allowed. d. He suggests that it could be potentially

dangerous for humans.

5. Dolphin-human interaction can affect a dolphin’s a. ability to take care of its young. b. ability to breathe. c. sociable mood. d. eagerness to communicate with humans.

TOTAL SCORE 80

A. Though the situation seems dire, steps have been taken to try to protect and sustain our remaining coral reefs. Some of the reefs in the Philippines, for example, have been declared ‘no-go’ areas to protect them from overfishing. Also, some attempts have been made by conservationists to restore coral reefs.

B. Coral mining is another issue that is of great concern to coral reef conservationists. Coral mining involves the removal of large chunks of coral from reefs, usually for building purposes. The coral is then crushed and mixed with other materials to make bricks or cement. In the Maldives, for example, building materials are quite scarce and corals are the mainstay of the construction industry. The high demand for coral in the Maldives could potentially wipe out many of the coral reefs in the country.

C. Aside from global warming and overfishing, one of the biggest contributing factors to the decline of coral reefs is pollution. Because of rapid development in coastal areas, increased amounts of industrial waste, sewage, oil and pesticides are now being disposed of in the ocean. These toxins are harmful to the reefs, and pesticides in particular have been proven to interfere with coral reproduction and growth.

D. The decline of coral reefs will also impact the tourism industry. Half the gross national product of many Caribbean countries is derived from tourists flocking to their beaches and reefs. The Maldives and the Seychelles depend on coral reef tourism for a significant portion of their foreign income, and in Florida, USA, reef tourism is a billion-dollar industry.

E. Coral reefs flourish in warm, tropical seas, but polyps are extremely sensitive to increases in water temperature.

Global warming has caused the surface water of the ocean to become warmer and the polyps react to this rise in temperature by expelling the algae that they depend on for food. This process is called ‘blanching’: once the polyps have released the algae, they turn white and starve to death.

F. Of course, it’s not just land-based pollution that has impacted coral reefs. Marine debris (including plastic, glass and discarded fishing nets that are simply tossed into the ocean), has also caused significant damage to coral reefs. Floating debris, from plastic packets to bottles, can smother coral reef organisms or break down the coral structure entirely.

G. It would be difficult to imagine a world without coral reefs, but, according to a recent global study, this alarming prospect could easily become a reality. The study found that a third of all coral reefs are facing extinction, primarily as a result of global warming, overfishing and pollution. The loss of coral reefs could have a potentially devastating impact on tourism and the fishing industry, and on the economies of countries that rely on coral reefs for their livelihoods. But what are coral reefs and how do they develop?

H. According to estimates, 19 per cent of the world’s coral reefs have already died, including 50 per cent of the reefs in the Caribbean. This is in no small part due to the scourge of overfishing and the adoption of destructive fishing practices, such as dynamite fishing. In parts of the Caribbean, overfishing has wiped out virtually all the herbivorous fish that feed on the algae and seaweed that live on coral reefs. In the absence of herbivorous fish, algae and seaweed grow at a rapid rate and eventually kill the coral.

14SCORE

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MID-TERM TEST

1. Despite being the boss’ nephew, his led to his dismissal.

a. commission b. incompetence c. flexibility d. premonition

2. Some lecturers are incredibly while others send you to sleep.

a. monotonous b. simulating c. simultaneous d. stimulating

3. Did you know that they’ve away with plastic shopping bags at the local supermarket?

a. done b. bid c. come d. broken

4. John bought a new laptop and is paying for it in monthly .

a. deposits b. instalments c. endeavours d. statements

5. My cousin Mark let my pet parrot out of its cage and told me he had it.

a. liberated b. incarcerated c. imprisoned d. restrained

6. Many universities now want to know what activities applicants have taken part in.

a. vocational b. corporal c. extracurricular d. maintenance

7. Steve was given several for unruly behaviour and finally was expelled from school.

a. assessments b. instructions c. suspensions d. grants

8. Today it is actually quite common for women to have to pay after a divorce.

a. income b. earnings c. compensation d. alimony

9. There’s a € 100 for not wearing a helmet while riding a bike.

a. fine b. punishment c. mortgage d. allowance

10. After winning the lottery, she took her friends on a spending .

a. rip-off b. spree c. rubble d. hop

11. When the guards are duty, they aren’t allowed to speak to passersby.

a. on b. of c. in d. at

12. Emily’s teachers congratulated her on being accepted to one of the most universities in the country.

a. rural b. enticing c. prestigious d. effervescent

13. My grandmother women who don’t know how to cook and the fact that I can’t even boil an egg is a source of

embarrassment to her.

a. frowns upon b. gives vent to c. squints at d. plays down

14. The pilot informed the passengers that he didn’t expect that they would encounter any .

a. exposure b. turbulence c. diversity d. opulence

15. This lizard can change its colour so that it in with its surroundings.

a. sways b. blends c. roots d. weaves

16. We sat at the sun as it set on the horizon.

a. lurching b. shifting c. glaring d. gazing

17. At the farewell party, Graham finally .

a. walked on air b. kept a straight face c. let his hair down d. hit the roof

18. Try not to get on the wrong of Mrs Brown because she will make life in the neighbourhood very difficult for

you.

a. end b. side c. part d. mind

A. Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d.

18SCORE

1. VOCABULARY

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1. Even though they are terribly , they refuse to hire more people. STAFF

2. This film is ; a masterpiece I would say. ExCEPTION

3. His enabled him to amass a fortune. FORESEE

4. He was sentenced to 15 years for bribery and . CORRUPT

5. The consumption of coffee can cause sleep disturbances. ExCESS

6. The passengers were to hear that their flight would be further heart

delayed.

7. Her unruly behaviour led to her from school. ExPEL

8. The facilities need to be improved if we want the hotel to RECREATION

make a profit this year.

B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals.

8SCORE

1. ‘Matt, you look worried. What’s happened?’

‘ the news about the earthquake.’

a. I’ve just heard b. I’ve just been hearing c. I’m just hearing d. I just hear

2. I really reading poetry.

a. am loving b. have loved c. have been loving d. love

3. If you what I went through, you would be more sympathetic.

a. knew b. know c. would know d. have known

4. They English for more than five years and can speak quite fluently.

a. have learnt b. have been learning c. learn d. are learning

5. Ted has a busy schedule but makes sure he his friends every Thursday evening when they meet at their

favourite restaurant.

a. has seen b. sees c. has been seeing d. is seeing

6. I think all the grammar tasks on the test were difficult, but the ones were the sentence transformations.

a. harder b. hardest c. more hard d. hardier

7. He has lots of cars, most of are antiques.

a. them b. whom c. whose d. which

8. Would you say that rock is popular than jazz?

a. far b. too c. a lot d. more

9. Ken looks amazing! He working out!

a. can’t be b. should be c. must be d. needs to be

10. Elaine had a bad cold for several weeks but is feeling better now.

a. much b. more c. enough d. too

�. gRAmmARA. Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d.

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Traveller11. Hey, Catherine, what doing last weekend?

a. had you ended up b. had you been ending up c. were you ending up d. did you end up

12. escaped from prison and spent the remainder of his life somewhere in Africa.

a. He is believed that he b. He is believed to be c. It is believed to be d. It is believed that he

13. We’re getting new tiles in our bathroom next weekend.

a. installed b. to be installed c. installing d. install

14. We for hours and hours when we had final exams.

a. had been studying b. used to study c. would have studied d. had studied

15. If you play with matches, you .

a. would get burnt b. burnt c. burn d. will get burnt

16. If you , you might get into trouble.

a. don’t behave b. behave c. won’t behave d. will behave

17. The police are looking for a man by the name of ‘Snake’.

a. goes b. gone c. going d. is going

18. You me a new set of keys as I found my old set under the bed.

a. mustn’t have made b. can’t have made c. might not have made d. needn’t have made

18SCORE

B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words including the word given.

1. When he was younger, he was in the habit of going on long walks in the countryside. would

When he was younger, in the countryside.

2. You are always going to be paying lots of money for repairs if you do not get rid of that old car of yours. forking

You are always going to be you get rid of that old car of yours.

3. Let’s get down to work because as soon as we finish this we can all go home. faster

Let’s get down to work because we can all go home.

4. We had planned to make spaghetti, but then Dad came home with pizza. going

We , but then Dad came home with pizza.

5. I’m sure John wasn’t fired because he works harder than anyone else in the office. sack

John because he works harder than anyone else in the office.

6. Experts believe the amount of food and money being given to poor countries is not sufficient compared to the amount

that is actually needed. drop

The amount of food and money being given to poor countries

ocean compared to the amount that is actually needed.

12SCORE

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Traveller

With ever-increasing problems in schools nowadays, a lot of parents are considering alternative ways of educating

their offspring. Homeschooling has become a way for parents to protect their children from peer pressure, bullying

and other forms of juvenile delinquency. It’s not as easy at it sounds, though, as parents have to be aware of all the

responsibilities of homeschooling. Simultaneously, children need to be familiar with technology and be able to use a

computer and any other gadgets which may facilitate their learning.

Skeptics have often remarked on the pitfalls of such programmes. Primarily, one can’t help but wonder about the

focus of the child and his/her grasp of reality; what connection does such a child form and develop with society

and the rest of the outside world when it is stuck at home in front of a computer screen? Others question whether

children can learn to be objective if they are not exposed to views and opinions of different people. Some wonder

whether homeschooling may encourage further isolation.

Changes within society have already led to the confinement of children in their homes anyway. Where once

children would play outside all afternoon, now they sit at a desk doing their homework. Their playtime continues

indoors where they will typically be playing on their computer, a Nintendo or Playstation or just watching

television. If one has no siblings, the whole idea of socialisation is left to the school and parents.

Nevertheless, many people feel the advantages of homeschooling outweigh the disadvantages. Some parents have

said that this way of teaching has given them the opportunity to focus more on the development of the moral

character of their child. They also claim that because the teaching is on a one-to-one basis, the education is as good

as that provided by private schools. At the same

time it successfully distances their child from the less

desirable elements of the formal education system:

poor facilities, lack of materials and the resulting

lack of school spirit.

Studies have shown that homeschooled children

actually do better than their traditionally-schooled

peers. In fact, they actually take the lead by 30 – 37

percentile points. In studies from as early as 1975,

certain researchers actually recommended that

children be kept away from the traditional school

until at least the ages of 8-10 as the child goes

through enormous upheaval when changing his/her

environment for that of the school’s – a change they

could better deal with around their ninth year. They

also claim that the traditional schooling system

does not encourage socialisation but, rather, peer

dependence and it crushes a child’s self-esteem,

originality of thought and optimism.

�. READINgRead the text and answer the questions 1-�. Choose a, b, c or d.

New Ideas On A Proper Education

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It remains debatable how practical homeschooling is; with working mothers and single-parent families trying to make

ends meet, it’s difficult to envision a society where parents could take on such responsibilities. For those not in a

difficult financial situation, it is obviously worth discussing. Well-adjusted, financially fortunate parents could indeed

seize such an opportunity. Just the thought of protecting your child from discrimination, bullying and peer pressure

is tempting. However, how can the state ensure that a child is properly educated, were this practice to become

widespread? Concern over falling test scores definitely calls into question the value of traditional schooling methods.

On the other hand, homeschooling has been linked with anti-social behaviour. It seems the government must take a

better look at the education system and take measures to deal with any shortcomings.

1. What is the main objection to homeschooling? a. the expense b. the suitability of the learning environment c. the quality of teaching d. the isolation of the child

2. Nowadays, children are…. a. spending most of their time indoors. b. playing more Nintendo than Playstation. c. only socialising with siblings. d. spending more time watching television.

3. What do many parents consider to be a significant advantage of homeschooling? a. the better facilities provided b. the individual attention children receive c. children avoid travelling long distances d. children avoid undesirable company

4. Who score better according to research carried out? a. private school children b. state school children c. homeschooled children d. no relevant statistics are available

5. It is recommended that children not start school until 8-10 a. as they cannot appreciate the school environment. b. as they do not need to socialise until later. c. in order to encourage socialisation. d. as they would have developed skills to handle the change.

6. What is a main concern for the writer as regards home schooling? a. the economic practicalities b. the intellectual abilities of parents c. the social abilities of parents d. the smaller class sizes

7. The writer recommends a. taking a better look at homeschooling. b. a combination of homeschooling and traditional schooling. c. improvements to the education system. d. taking measures to deal with falling test scores.

14SCORE

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�. LIstENINgYou will hear an interview with Mary Sue Martin talking about her tour operating company. For questions 1-5, choose the answer a, b, c or d which fits best according to what you hear.

1. What does Mary Sue say about her job?

a. She enjoys travelling with all expenses covered.

b. Writing up reports doesn’t let her notice her surroundings.

c. It’s a dream come true.

d. It’s not as enjoyable as it seems.

2. What is true about holiday hot spots according to Mary Sue?

a. They go in and out of fashion.

b. Most hot spots remain popular in any season.

c. There don’t seem to be any all-time favourites.

d. They attract trendy people.

3. Where did the interviewer say he went on holiday the previous year?

a. to a location off the beaten track

b. to Vietnam

c. to Spain

d. to Greece and Spain

4. What kind of clients does Mary Sue’s company attract?

a. people who like luxurious hotels

b. people who want to avoid busy, crowded places

c. people who are willing to spend a lot of money

d. people who won’t sacrifice their comfort

5. What does Mary Sue say about booking holidays?

a. It is best to book through a travel agent.

b. Some local travel agents don’t accept credit cards.

c. Booking online is convenient.

d. Young people prefer booking online.

�. wRItINgAn international magazine is inviting readers to contribute to a series of articles about celebrations in their country. Describe a celebration that is important in your country, explaining what its importance is and how it makes you feel.

Write your article in 250 - 300 words.

10SCORE

20SCORE

TOTAL SCORE 100

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A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.

Test 4 Module 41. VOCABULARY

1. While hiking through the dense Amazon forest, I was bitten by a poisonous snake but luckily our guide had the

so I was back on my feet in no time.

a. antidote b. medicine c. remedy d. cure

2. Having lost a lot of blood he and regained consciousness only hours later in the Intensive Care Unit.

a. packed up b. went off c. passed out d. knocked out

3. Mike’s so bossy! He’s always around giving everyone orders.

a. sprinting b. limping c. skipping d. strutting

4. I was so exhausted after spending the whole day giving my cousins from abroad a guided tour of the sights in the city

that I slept like a(n) .

a. baby b. log c. pigeon d. ape

5. A special committee has been set up to watch athletes suspected of using performance enhancers like a(n) .

a. hawk b. bird c. eagle d. pigeon

6. It is essential to have a routine checkup because an early of a life-threatening disease can go a long way in

assisting in its cure.

a. prognosis b. analysis c. diagnosis d. prescription

7. The minute Jodie entered the sports hall I waved to grab her attention and her over.

a. patted b. beckoned c. grabbed d. nudged

8. When travelling abroad, it is a good idea to have a backup plan because things don’t always go like .

a. wildfire b. the plague c. clockwork d. wind

9. can be caused by eating too much or too fast.

a. Dehydration b. Indigestion c. Congestion d. Laceration

10. Although the players did their best, our team didn’t manage to for the finals of the World Cup.

a. classify b. qualify c. intensify d. testify10SCORE

B. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

1. Bad eating habits tend to alleviate / aggravate feelings of exhaustion and irritability.

2. To prevent dehydration / indigestion you need to increase your intake of fluids when working out.

3. A local anaesthetic is used for the extraction of one’s wisdom teeth but mine were so well rooted that I had to be put

under / passed out.

4. It took me a while to deteriorate / recuperate after contracting a mild strain of malaria while travelling in Africa.

5. I sprained / strained my eyes after working all night on my computer to finish an assignment of mine.

6. Given that I am a staunch / firm fan of Arsenal, I never miss their home matches.

7. He is a key player without whom my team could not possibly have achieved the landslide / avid victory it did yesterday.

8. After ranking number one for a record 237 weeks, Roger Federer, world-renowned tennis champion, finally met his

league / match in August 2008. 8SCORE

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TravellerC. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.

1. I was really happy to hear that Ben for the football team this year because he’s been training

very hard.

2. When I was five, I had to wear a sling for three weeks because I rolled off my bed in my sleep and

my arm.

3. In bracing for the pandemic, the government decided that the young and frail were to be

before the onset of winter.

4. While on holiday, I got a bad case of food poisoning and spent the better part of two days in my hotel room

whatever contents were left in my stomach.

5. The general practitioner who examined my grandmother said that we would have to her

immune system by giving her lots of fresh fruit and vegetables.

6. After enjoying a leisurely picnic on the banks of the river, the couple through the forest

gathering pine cones.

7. I will have to my training if I wish to participate in the Olympic Games next year.

8. According to this medical journal, migraines are into seven subclasses.

8SCORE

A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.

inoculate saunter vomit classify qualify fracture intensify fortify

�. gRAmmAR

1. Having successfully carried out his duties he was given permission study leave.

a. taking b. to take c. in taking d. to have taken

2. Under no circumstances do I support plastic bags when more eco-friendly alternatives exist.

a. using b. to use c. use d. the use

3. The company may be receiving a lot of bad publicity at the moment but I do not intend my resignation.

a. submit b. to submit c. submitting d. to submitting

4. My husband used to be an FBI agent, but even when he retired, he refused information which was strictly

confidential.

a. divulging b. having divulged c. to divulge d. to have divulged

5. I am not so ambitious as to be interested in pursuing a career which would involve me long hours.

a. work b. to work c. working d. in working

6. Given that I need some time to regain my strength, I would prefer on a working holiday this year.

a. not go b. not going c. not be going d. not to go

7. There’s no point to get an extension because the tutor will not give you one.

a. to try b. to trying c. trying d. on trying

8. Can you please explain to me why mentioned that before?

a. haven’t you b. you haven’t c. hadn’t you d. wasn’t

9. The basketball players promised their best to win next Saturday’s game.

a. to do b. doing c. they do d. they could do 9SCORE��

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TravellerB. Rewrite the sentences below using the beginnings given. Use the introductory verbs in the box.

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promise beg apologise suggest congratulate

1. ‘Please, please, don’t tell my mother that I’ve been skipping classes’, the boy said to me.

The boy .

2. ‘Well done! Your performance was spectacular and deserves a standing ovation’, Mary said to us.

Mary .

3. ‘How about going on a skiing trip next weekend?’ my friend asked me.

My friend .

4. ‘I will never spend such a huge sum of money without asking you first’, said my wife.

My wife .

5. ‘I’m sorry I forgot to inform you about the important meeting regarding your proposed business trip abroad,’ my personal

assistant said.

My personal assistant .

C. Complete the sentences using the correct infinitive or -ing form of the verbs in brackets.

1. I consider (lie) to your parents about your whereabouts to be not only terribly irresponsible

of you but also morally wrong.

2. You were (replace) Andy as a guest speaker at the conference but your services will no longer

be required.

3. He tried hard (clinch) the deal but it fell through and he was forced to come home empty

handed.

4. Having told so many lies she was not in a position (remember) what she had said to her

colleagues at work.

5. She was right (take up) the job offer because an opportunity such as this only arises once in

a lifetime.

6. Her father regretted (tell) her about the savings account he had opened for her when she was

a baby because she kept on nagging him to give her the money.

7. She was used to (train) six hours and never complained about all she had to be deprived of in

order to become a swimming champion.

8. Although Albert Einstein is believed (have) early speech difficulties, he was a top student in

primary school.

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Traveller�. READINgRead the texts A-E and answer the questions 1-1� by writing the correct letter A-E in the boxes.

My Diet

I started my diet as a new year’s resolution. I know it’s a bit of a cliché, but I really did want to turn over a

new leaf and have a new lifestyle. This was my first diet, at least it is if you exclude a crazy one based on eating

pineapples which I tried in my early twenties. But when celebrities like Rene Zellweger and Geri Halliwell swear

by it, and every other magazine has an article on it, when I realised it was time for a diet, I realised also it was

time for an Atkins diet. The great thing about Atkins is that everything you eat is what you want to eat, and

therefore everything tastes good; the downside is that most of their suggested menus are on the expensive side,

since they include foods like lobster. I’ve been on the diet for 3 months now, and I’ve lost 5 pounds, which is

frankly disappointing, but at least I’m still going.

a. Jane

I’m getting married next month, and so three months ago I decided I would try to look a bit sleeker for my big day. In order to give me an extra bit of incentive, I ordered my wedding dress two sizes too small, which left me with 8cm to lose around my waist. But I think the extra pressure will give me a shove in the right direction, even if my doctor warned me that it might backfire. I chose to use the Weightwatchers diet, which involves counting the number of points in different types of food, where the points are linked to their calories. I’ve also managed to be more active – nothing particularly demanding, but I’m walking instead of catching the bus for short distances, and this way I’m able to increase my point allowance. It is a hassle, having to count the point value for everything I eat, but perhaps this allows me to work out whether I really want to eat the particular foodstuff, or whether I’m merely satisfying a sudden craving which will pass in a minute or two. Anyway, whatever the reason, my waist is 2cm smaller than it was, which is better than nothing, although I don’t think I’m going to hit my target.

b. Emily

I chose to become one of the three million vegetarians in Britain mostly because of health concerns about eating meat,

although I am also concerned about the moral issues. My diet includes only cereal products, nuts, seeds, eggs, dairy

products and fruit and vegetables. Avoiding some animal products can be tricky, although not of course as difficult as for

vegans. Rennet, for example, which is extracted from the stomach lining of cows, is often used in cheese making.

Although my motivation was not to lose weight, over the 10 months after my conversion to vegetarianism I’ve actually

lost 7 or 8 pounds. Since I haven’t started taking any exercise, I guess it’s probably because my fat intake has dropped,

since the soya products which constitute the core of my diet have much less than the beef, pork and lamb dishes I used to

eat. On top of all this, I’m feeling really good, and so I wholeheartedly urge other people to take the vegetarian plunge!

c. Greg

Who would recommend their diet to other people?

Who has been on numerous diets in the past?

Who started their diet without planning to lose

any weight?

Who feels let down by the effectiveness of their

diet so far?

Who is no longer on a diet?

Who had medical advice to start dieting?

Who says their diet has attracted some negative

publicity?

Who have failed to lose any weight?

Who mentions an advantage and a drawback

of the diet they follow?

Who has started to take more exercise?

Who has a particular date by which to finish their diet?

Who have to calculate how much energy is in

their food?

Who replaces some meals with liquids?

1

2

3

4

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9

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I. You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (a, b or c) which fits best according to what you hear.

12SCORE

80TOTAL SCORE

�. LIstENINg

Extract 1

You will hear a writer talking about his new book on the 1960s.

1. According to the speaker, people were less overweight in the 1960s because they a. ate healthier foods. b. went to the gym more often. c. led more active lives.

2. Why does the speaker think that more people tried to lose weight in the 1960s? a. People were more aware of health risks. b. There was more social pressure to do so. c. The lifestyle was much more relaxed.

Extract 2

You will hear an extract from a radio programme about chocolate.

3. According to the speaker, what has recently been discovered? a. Chocolate is not as fattening as was previously thought. b. Consuming chocolate lowers the chance of a heart attack. c. A new type of chocolate which is much healthier.

4. Why does the speaker urge caution about the health benefits of chocolate? a. Proper experiments have yet to confirm them. b. Only some types of chocolate have them. c. Chocolate also has health drawbacks.

Extract 3

You will hear a researcher talking about his experiments on the effects of exercising.

5. The US experiments showed that people a. tend to put on weight as they grow older. b. take more exercise in the US than the UK. c. must take exercise to lose weight.

6. The researcher concludes that the UK government’s recommendations a. are different from the US government’s. b. should be changed. c. are not intended to help people to diet.

TravellerI’m a serial dieter. I’ve been overweight for years, and since I’ve now passed 50 and 18 stone, I’ve become seriously worried about my future. I decided to start the Cambridge Diet, despite it being so controversial, since I felt reassured that the modern version of the diet is not as risky as the original version of the 1970s and 80s. My diet substitutes shakes in place of breakfast and lunch, and thereby aims to keep the calories under a short rein. My target is 1,000 calories a day, which given my weight undoubtedly constitutes a crash diet. I take supplements of minerals, vitamins and fatty acids to reduce the loss of nutrients due to the severe calorie restriction, but these hardly fill me up. I’ve been on the diet for just a month now, and it has taken me a while to get used to it, and I know I haven’t always kept within my calorie count. That’s why I wasn’t too surprised when I discovered at my last weighing that my weight was exactly the same as when I started. But I know by now that these things take time, and I’ll keep going. I feel I have to.

d. Rob

I’ve never really thought much about my food, and have always had a penchant for junk food and chocolate. Over the years

the pounds have slowly accumulated, but things came to a head only recently, after I moved from a flat to a house, and

discovered I was getting short of breath whenever I climbed the stairs. I thought there might be something wrong with me

medically, but my doctor told me it was straightforward obesity. Thus I started my diet on doctor’s orders. I started reading

up on healthy eating, and realised my normal diet was too high in fats and sugars, and so resolved to change it. But this I

found was harder than I thought it would be, and for several weeks I really tried hard but found that I was actually getting

very stressed and putting on more weight. I didn’t want to concede defeat, but my doctor and friends said they thought I

should take time off it for a while to relax and recharge my batteries, and maybe have another go in the future.

e. Lily

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Traveller

A. Choose the word that most appropriately completes the sentence.

Test 5 Module 51. VOCABULARY

8SCORE

1. Commercials that target children are always accompanied by catchy because it makes it easier for them to

remember the product or even the company selling it.

a. spams b. spots c. jingles d. plugs

2. It was clear to see that he had the hand in the presidential elections as his agenda dealt with key issues that had

been creating widespread discontent.

a. high b. upper c. first d. big

3. What started out as a lucrative business ended up as a bitter feud when differences of opinion occurred between

the two men regarding the utilisation of company funds.

a. partnership b. federation c. organisation d. consortium

4. The accountant told the businessman that if he wanted his business venture to thrive, he would have to increase his profit

.

a. border b. perimeter c. margin d. boundary

5. In attempting to my older brother, I often took up sports activities like martial arts that were not quite for me,

and at which I usually failed dismally to make any progress in.

a. replicate b. devise c. substitute d. emulate

6. I a terrible blunder when I asked Jody how things were at work; you see she was given the sack about three

weeks ago and she’s been very depressed about it.

a. took b. made c. had d. created

7. It was the boy’s unbridled that enabled him to come up with such an innovative solution to a problem with

seemingly no practical answer.

a. spirit b. thirst c. imagination d. potential

8. Sam is terribly lazy and irresponsible; he’s always trying to out of his duties.

a. chicken b. weasel c. monkey d. beaver

B. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences below.

1. Action needs to be taken to prevent unscrupulous businessmen from exploiting / manipulating children in a bid to profit

from their labor.

2. Look out for the fairtrade logo / slogan that certifies that international fairtrade standards have been met in the

production of the goods on which it is found.

3. This small company has made / taken the lead in robotics and is making progress in leaps and bounds.

4. Scientists at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research are faced with the daunting / paramount task of recreating

conditions that existed before the earth was created.

5. The geothermal power plant in the Philippines generates / develops 18% of the country’s electricity.

6. CERN is the world’s largest fully functional / designed physics laboratory, whose main aim is to provide accelerators for

research that requires a lot of energy.

7. Nostradamus is said to have predicted / forecast many major world events.

8. Although the fresh products / produce sold at the farmers’ market is cheaper than that sold at a greengrocer’s, it is not

necessarily of the same quality. 8SCORE

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TravellerC. Complete the sentence with the words in the box.

1. The current state of is so disheartening that many young people are contemplating leaving

the country to seek their fortune elsewhere.

2. It is feared that the current state of the economy will lead to a large portion of the population living from hand to

.

3. My only source of at the moment is the baby-sitting I do once a week, but that is certainly

not enough to cover my personal expenses.

4. Our rigid quality standards ensure that our baby products are not only durable but also

safe.

5. They decided to launch a publicity to promote their new line of health and wellness

products for expectant mothers.

6. It is only by hunting that consumers can ensure that the products and services they buy

are good value for money.

7. Francis decided to become a partner in his brother’s company when he saw that he was making money hand over

.

8. The cost of has risen to such an extent that low-income families are having a difficult

time making ends meet.

bargain living affairs campaign

income control fist mouth

A. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, beginning with the word that has been given.

�. gRAmmAR

1. Zoé is getting the promotion because she proved that she has a keen mind and good business sense.

If .

2. You must not permit members of the audience to enter the dressing rooms of performers.

Under .

3. It didn’t cross my mind even once that I would be required to undergo such a gruelling interview cycle to qualify for the

position.

Not .

4. I was given a transfer by my superior, not a promotion.

What .

5. I heard the sound of a deafening explosion just when I reached the underground.

Scarcely .

6. The only way you will manage to climb the corporate ladder in a company such as this is by exercising will-power and

determination.

Only .

7. Max is very intuitive and that’s why he grabbed the opportunity when it arose.

If .

8. Jenny didn’t miss that important phone call because she didn’t leave as early as she had expected.

Had .

9. I handed in my business proposal on Friday, not on Monday.

It .

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TravellerB. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.

8SCORE

1. I wish Brent asking me to help him out with his work, I’ve got enough of my own.

a. stopped b. had stopped c. would stop d. could stop

2. By no means our colleagues for granted; after all the success of this company lies in us working together.

a. shouldn’t we take b. we should take c. we shouldn’t take d. should we take

3. If only I my differences with Gabriela before she left the country for good, but her husband wouldn’t let me see

her.

a. could have reconciled b. would reconcile c. were reconciling d. reconciled

4. I would rather that verbal confrontation with that insolent journalist at the press conference last night.

a. didn’t have b. not have c. hadn’t had d. not have had

5. any queries regarding the filling out of these forms, please contact my secretary who will be more than willing

to help you.

a. Having had b. Should you have c. Were you to have d. Had you had

6. No matter where , she always finds fault with her accommodation.

a. has she stayed b. she has stayed c. she stays d. does she stay

7. It’s about time you off your laurels; you’ve been lounging around ever since you were given the sack.

a. were getting b. had got c. got d. get

8. we will always wonder about is whether there is intelligent life on any other planet in our solar system.

a. What b. It c. Where d. That

�. READINg Read the texts A, B and C, which are related to technology, and answer the questions 1-�. Choose a, b, c or d.

a. The DVD Format WarIn 2006, two rival high-definition DVD systems were launched – Sony’s Blu-ray and Toshiba’s HD DVD. Economics

dictates that there could only be one winner, and now we know it is Sony. With the products inseparable on performance and technical grounds, the victor in this little war was always going to be decided through marketing. Where Sony had the advantage here is that its Playstation 3 computer games console comes pre-fitted with a Blu-ray player. So with Playstation 3 selling over 10 million units, that meant 10 million Blu-ray DVD players were already owned by consumers, far more than the 1 million HD players sold. With this sort of sales momentum, the major retailers started to favour Blu-ray, and Toshiba have just announced that they have ceased production of the HD.

The war may be over, but what impact will the victory make? Toshiba’s decision to pull the plug on the HD DVD so early is one which financial analysts see as prudent; they had nothing to gain by staying in an unwinnable war. Consumers too might be better off. If there’s only one DVD format, then consumers don’t have to worry about product incompatibility. With only one format on the market, it might be expected that its sales would take off, but in this case there is good reason to think this won’t happen. The point is that technology is moving so fast that Blu-ray players and discs may soon be a thing of the past, whether they have a rival or not. This is because an ever increasing number of consumers are already turning their backs on DVD players to download their movies from the internet, or from their satellite or cable television provider. The future just isn’t hardware.

1. In the writer’s view, Sony’s Blu-ray won the format battle because it

a. was cheaper than its rival. b. produces better quality pictures. c. was given free with another product. d. was launched earlier.

2. What does the writer think will be a consequence of Sony’s victory?

a. Confusion for consumers. b. Big economic problems for Toshiba. c. A large increase in Blu-ray sales. d. Very little benefit for Sony.

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Traveller

B. Magical RubberA French laboratory has recently announced the development of a new kind of synthetic rubber with an extraordinary

property. Watching a demonstration of this amazing substance was quite eye-opening. The technician laid out a cylindrical length of the rubber, a yellowish material, on the worktop. She then took out a razor blade and severed the sample, and held the two pieces apart, revealing the cleanly cut ends. Then she pressed the two ends back together and released one of them. To the viewers’ great amazement, the two halves of the rubber cylinder had stuck back together. It was like a magician’s trick. An hour later the bond had strengthened so much that the technician was able to stretch the rubber to twice its initial length without any rupturing at the point it had been cut.

The secret of the substance has nothing to do with magic, of course, but lies in how its molecules are held together. A piece of normal rubber comprises a single molecule with many billions of smaller units bonded together chemically in a vast tangled network. It is elastic because the different strands in the rubber can be compressed or extended, much like a concertina. However, if the rubber is broken, then the chemical bonds are permanently severed. In the new rubber, chemical bonds are much weaker. However, when these bonds break, they are not broken permanently, but can bond again, like Velcro or tiny grasping hands.

C. Techno-AddictsIn just the same way that there is often a silver lining to a dark cloud, so there is a downside to any good thing. With

modern technology like mobile phones and other digital devices, the downside is addiction. Some people’s leisure time and even working hours are becoming dominated by a constant checking for new e-mails and text messages. In extreme cases, people wake up two or three times a night to check.

As creatures of habit, people can get addicted to quite bizarre things, but due to the portability of this technology, it is a much more likely object of addiction than most. In our society, of course, these devices are extremely useful – indeed, some would say they were essential – and so finding a solution to the problem is far from simple. Trying to regulate the functions of these devices, as some people have suggested, might have some impact on the ways they are used and some economic consequences for the manufacturers, but it wouldn’t prevent the addiction. A better strategy would be to educate the user. Although I would stop short of new legislation posing restrictions, cautionary notes placed on the devices can be effective in notifying users of the risks of addiction. But whatever changes we make now, the pace of technological change means the future will inevitably throw up many further unforeseen problems.

3. What is ‘magical’ about the new rubber? a. Its extreme flexibility. b. Its incredible strength. c. The way it sticks to itself. d. The way it sticks to other things.

4. The rubber has this property because its molecules are a. of two different types. b. elastic and flexible. c. very long and thin. d. connected very loosely.

5. In the writer’s opinion, what is the reason for techno-addiction?

a. You can take technological devices with you everywhere.

b. Modern technology is extremely fascinating. c. Almost everybody owns technological devices. d. Modern technology is very easy to use.

6. What does the writer think the best solution to techno-addiction is?

a. For manufacturers to provide warnings on technological devices.

b. To take measures considering what the future will hold.

c. To teach students about technology in schools. d. For the government to introduce laws to control

what the devices can do.

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80TOTAL SCORE

I. You will hear part of a radio programme in which journalist Arabella Gordon talks about the phenomenon of technophobia. For questions 1-9, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

18SCORE

�. LIstENINg

1. People found the new machines to be threatening and when they first

appeared in their places of work.

2. The new weaving machines were operated by and

.

3. The Frame Breaking Act was a law which brought in the death penalty for .

4. William Wordsworth and William Blake believed that the Industrial Revolution was spoiling

.

5. A computer’s apparent ability is perceived as a threat by many people.

6. Arabella Gordon mentions science-fiction stories in which have human

slaves.

7. In the UK, it is the low price of electronic typewriters that makes them attractive to

.

8. Typewriters are more popular in developing countries where there is a shortage of

.

9. Frederick Forsyth was a before he was a writer.

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Traveller

A. Complete the idioms/expressions by using the appropriate form of have, take or put.

Test 6 Module 61. VOCABULARY

1. To it mildly, I would say that, yes, Mrs Campion was extremely upset when she was informed that her son

was arrested for shoplifting.

2. Are you sure that you what it takes to be a lawyer? It’s a very demanding profession, you know.

3. The mayor is liable to issue with any derogatory comments about how effective the surveillance cameras

he had installed are, so be careful what you say.

4. Although the judge and the lawyer who was cross-examining the witness tried to her at ease, she was

very nervous, which made a bad impression on the jury.

5. Carla is second thoughts about studying abroad and is now considering applying to a university near her

home town.

6. Having to cope with a full-time job and three young children, while her husband is away is a strain on

Beth.

7. Parents should heed of the early signs of children’s addiction to computer games and the Internet and

encourage them to take up other activities.

8. Judge Morrison will not a hard line on first offenders, but he is very strict with repetitive offenders.

8SCORE

8SCORE

B. Choose the word that most appropriately completes the sentence.

1. All the women in the accounting department consider the chief accountant to be a very eligible as he is

good-looking, has a good income and also has a good sense of humour.

a. widower b. sibling c. in-law d. bachelor

2. I was very upset yesterday when my French teacher made a very remark about my accent in front of the whole

class.

a. affectionate b. tactless c. shrewd d. urbane

3. What kind of person would a successful carreer as a legal adviser in one of the largest companies in the country

to become a gardener?

a. desert b. abscond c. abandon d. surrender

4. In order to bring the ex-minister to justice, we will need definite of his involvement in the scandal.

a. proof b. evidence c. hints d. clues

5. Frank is very of the fact that he was overlooked for promotion although he had worked overtime and sacrificed

a large part of his personal life for the company.

a. resentful b. compassionate c. impulsive d. intolerant

6. This proposal is very ambitious and will certainly solve many problems, however, on the it might be quite

difficult to implement.

a. downsize b. downcast c. downside d. downstream

7. We have been finding it increasingly difficult to the workload after several members of the staff have been laid

off.

a. manipulate b. operate c. run d. handle

8. The traffic warden told me that he would me off with a warning this time, but the next time I was caught

driving without a licence, I would have to pay a fine.

a. get b. let c. see d. put

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Traveller1. My father is always very strict, in contrast my mother who is quite lenient.

2. In view the situation, I think we will be obliged to resort to our alternative plan.

3. In response numerous requests from viewers, we have decided to broadcast the documentary again on Friday at

6pm.

4. The administrative staff of the factory have decided to go on strike in solidarity the workers from the factory

floor who have been on strike for two weeks.

5. In accordance school regulations, all students must wear the school uniform.

6. He is a person that I admire greatly and I am in awe of his immense talent.

C. Complete the sentences with an appropriate preposition.

�. gRAmmAR A. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given.

6SCORE

B. Complete the sentences with a/an, the or - and circle the correct verb form.

1. Is / Are the information you gave me about first judicial systems in Europe reliable?

2. proverbial phrase ‘No news is / are good news’ is attributed to King James I of England.

3. experience of reading this book has opened my eyes to whole new world of crime novels.

4. physics is / are subject that I like most of all.

5. United Arab Emirates is / are situated in Southwest Asia on Persian Gulf and the country

borders on Oman and Saudi Arabia.SCORE

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16

1. The prisoner was allowed to work in the prison kitchens because he had been behaving well. behaviour

On , the prisoner was allowed to work in the prison

kitchens.

2. Although this was his first offence, Mark was sentenced to three years in prison. in

Mark was sentenced to three years in prison, his first

offence.

3. The news was so good that I couldn’t believe it. too

The news true.

4. The flight was cancelled because the weather conditions were so bad. to

The flight was cancelled conditions.

5. The children’s questions didn’t annoy the author at all; he found them very refreshing. of

Instead the children’s questions, the author found them

very refreshing.

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Traveller�. READINgRead the texts and answer the questions 1-10. Choose a, b, c or d.

The Blood-Type TheoryHuman blood comes in four different types, namely A, B, AB and O. In most of the world, most people are ignorant of which blood type they possess, since it is important only if they have to undergo an operation which requires a blood transfusion. In Japan, however, things are different, since a large proportion of the population believes that blood type determines personality and, as a result, over 90% of the population are aware which type they are.This linking of blood type and personality has ramifications across life, but is especially prominent in prospective relationships and employment. For example, in Japan one popular way to meet romantic partners is to go to specialised venues which conduct speed dating. A single man and woman sit alone together at a table for just a few minutes. Then a bell rings, and they go to sit with someone new. Some such venues hold dating sessions which are limited to men or women of a particular blood type. For those who believe in the blood-type theory, this seems to maximise their chance of finding someone special.The current popularity of the idea exploded in the 1970s following the publication of a book by Masahiko Nomi, even though he was a lawyer and broadcaster who had no medical or psychological training. His ideas were largely anecdotal, and many critics thought it mere superstition, but the book nevertheless sparked great interest in the general public. Now his son, Toshitaka, continues to promote the theory, and nowadays it is ubiquitous in Japanese popular culture, featuring on morning TV, women’s magazines and best-selling self-help books.Much like horoscopes in the West, the blood group theory is regularly debunked by scientific experimentation, yet it retains popular appeal. Perhaps one reason for this is that it helps to break the ice in social situations. Japanese people do not always find it easy to express their opinions, so discussing blood types is an indirect way of telling people what you think of them.

1. According to the passage, in Japan a. people associate blood types solely with personality traits. b. a complicated scientific theory relating blood types to personality has been developed. c. many more people than elsewhere know which type of blood they have. d. blood transfusions are made only for certain types of blood.

2. How is the blood-type theory used in speed dating? a. People go to tables according to their blood types. b. Dating couples talk about the theory and what it means. c. Some people want to meet only people of a particular blood type. d. People try to guess the blood type of their date.

3. What is true about the popularity of the blood-type theory? a. It became popular due to the writings of a father-and-son team. b. It is popular because of a traditional idea in Japanese culture. c. It is not as popular as it was in the 1970s. d. It became popular following experiments conducted by Masahiko Nomi.

4. What does scientific testing show about the blood-type theory? a. Scientific testing supports the theory. b. Scientific testing refutes the theory. c. Scientific testing is inconclusive. d. The theory has not been scientifically tested.

5. Why is the blood-type theory so popular in Japan? a. It gives people something to talk about. b. It makes social interaction easier. c. It is used as a way to make friends. d. Japanese people find it very entertaining.

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6. What was the ‘missing link’? a. A clue in a scientific investigation. b. A kind of scientific theory. c. A piece of evidence which had been lost. d. A kind of ancient human ancestor.

7. Who orchestrated the hoax? a. Dawson b. Darwin c. A group of British scientists d. Nobody knows

8. What turned out to be true about the discovery? a. It had bones of two different creatures. b. It was constructed and painted in a laboratory. c. It was a modern human’s skull. d. It was made of a synthetic material.

9. Where had important finds been made before 1912? a. Germany only b. France and Germany only c. Britain only d. Britain, Germany and France

10. Why did it take a long time to re-examine the Piltdown skull?

a. It was in harmony with other discoveries. b. British scientists wanted it to be genuine. c. Its owner would not give permission. d. Scientists thought more testing would damage it.

The Piltdown Man Ever since 1859, when Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution, a desperate race had been on between scientists to discover the evolutionary intermediate between apes and humans. But this so-called ‘missing link’ was proving very elusive. In 1912, an amateur archaeologist called Charles Dawson said he had found a skull in Barkham Manor, Piltdown, in Sussex, England. At the time, scientists thought the skull genuine, and that Dawson had indeed discovered the missing link. He became famous almost overnight. Nevertheless, it later transpired that the skull was a forgery, made from a human skull only about 500 years old with its jaw replaced by that of a female orangutan, with the bones stained to make them appear older.

It remains unknown, however, who made the skull, and whether Dawson knew it was a fake. Fingers have been pointed not only at Dawson, but at various other scientists and people said to be his enemies, but nobody knows for sure. The motivation for the hoax is also unknown. One theory is patriotism. Given that sensational discoveries of early humans had recently occurred, first in Germany and then in France, and given the patriotic one-upmanship of pre-First World War Europe, huge pressure was on British scientists to show that Britain had also played a major role in human evolution. Piltdown man seemed a godsend in this respect, since it made Britain seem to be the birthplace of mankind. Even if patriotism was not the motivation for Piltdown man, it certainly made it harder for British scientists to see it for the hoax that it was. Indeed, despite its inconsistencies with other early humans discovered in the wake of Piltdown, which would normally have precipitated critical testing much sooner, it was over 40 years before re-examination showed the Piltdown skull to be a fake.

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TravellerI. You will hear two university students, Matthew and Emily, talking about copyright. For

questions 1-6, decide whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or whether the speakers agree.

Write M for Matthew, E for Emily, or B for both, where they agree.

1. DVDs sold by street vendors are often poor quality.

2. People who illegally download films from the Internet profit from it financially.

3. Film studios would be badly affected economically if films were not protected by copyright.

4. Unsuccessful artists would be unaffected economically if their work was not protected by copyright.

5. It is right that copyright should last for fifty years after an author’s death.

6. Breaches of copyright are going to increase in the future.

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80TOTAL SCORE

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A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.

FINAL TEST 1. VOCABULARY

1. Telecommunications specialists herald the Internet as one of the greatest technological developments of all times because

it is the fastest way to information.

a. dispel b. disseminate c. disperse d. dissolve

2. Not having my glasses, I intently at the small print, which I knew I had to read carefully before

signing the contract.

a. glared b. glanced c. glimpsed d. peered

3. So anxious was I about my exam results that I spent the whole night staring at the of the clock

waiting for daybreak.

a. neck b. foot c. head d. hands

4. The man who escaped with only minor injuries from the building that collapsed during the earthquake is being

at Lawrance Hospital in Bronxville.

a. healed b. cured c. treated d. remedied

5. My doctor said that I had with a stomach bug and that the severe abdominal pain and nausea would

subside after about seven days.

a. come down b. come round c. brought up d. gone off

6. Before entering the water the diver twice in the air with such grace and precision that all seven

judges gave him a high score.

a. wobbled b. sauntered c. somersaulted d. strutted

7. The Constitution in a clear and unambiguous manner the civil and political rights of all citizens of

the country.

a. codifies b. fortifies c. testifies d. classifies

8. My parents told me that I would have to paddle my own if I wished to pursue a career in showbiz.

a. ship b. boat c. raft d. canoe

9. Mark has been in antique and vintage jewellery for the last five years, and I must admit that he’s

done pretty well for himself.

a. dealing b. importing c. exporting d. trading

10. It is our unquenchable thirst for knowledge and our curiosity for the unknown that have led to us to

breakthroughs that have altered the course of history.

a. taking b. making c. having d. producing

11. The stringent laws regulating organ donation that were more than ten years ago are to undergo

modification to increase the availability of organs for transplantation.

a. performed b. activated c. proceeded d. enacted

12. Never have I met a more person than Gary. He never thinks about the consequences of his actions;

he just acts on the spur of the moment.

a. inquisitive b. impulsive c. obstinate d. intolerant

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Traveller13. Before becoming a junior executive, I attended a course which provided crucial instruction on how best to

conflict situations.

a. handle b. manipulate c. operate d. cope

14. Sally needs to be taken down a or two because she’s become very conceited ever since she won that

Young Designer’s Award.

a. stride b. line c. peg d. size

15. Mohandas Gandhi strongly the use of violence and brute force in one’s quest for liberty, instead he

advocated nonviolent resistance.

a. doomed b. convicted c. sentenced d. condemned

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B. Read the sentences and complete the blanks with the correct form of the words in capitals.

1. The argument made by the government official was so that, upon hearing him, many were

convinced that he was telling the truth. FORCE

2. Although qualifications are of paramount importance, what determines a candidate’s is his/

her practical experience and leadership skills. ELIGIBLE

3. Not only does environmental facilitate the spread of deadly diseases, but it also assists in the

creation of new ones. DEGRADE

4. The triathlon, which consists of swimming, running and cycling, is a multi-sport event which requires a good level of

physical fitness and . ENDURE

5. Initially, I was very reserved but the upbeat tempo had an effect and I ended up shedding all

my inhibitions and having a good time. LIFT

6. Our on mobile technology has reached such outrageous proportions that it is interfering with

our personal relationships. RELY

7. In to public demand, the government decided to hold a referendum before passing

the bill. RESPOND

8. Medical practitioners are concerned about the widespread of obesity because it is the leading

preventable cause of death worldwide. PREVAIL

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1. She such excellent progress that I was really shocked to hear that she was given the sack.

a. is making b. had been making c. has been making d. made

2. You should not allow yourself by small and insignificant things.

a. to distract b. to be distracting c. to be distracted d. to have been distracted

3. by the company that produces the product, it is logical that the report spoke in favour of it.

a. To have written b. To be written c. Having been written d. Writing

4. If Joanne hadn’t decided to stop working to look after her children, her medical practice now.

a. would have thrived b. would be thrived c. would have been thriving d. would be thriving

5. fair, it was Jessica who came up with the idea that secured us that lucrative deal, not Betty.

a. Having been b. To be c. To have been d. Having been

6. Even though he had been working for the company for less than a year, his initiative and drive led to

a promotion.

a. his being given b. him to be given c. his given d. him to give

7. Scarcely do I get back from work I have to leave to go to that seminar I am presently attending.

a. then b. than c. before d. when

8. If only my father waiting at the office because now it’s too late for him to take me to the party.

a. hadn’t been kept b. didn’t keep c. wouldn’t be kept d. won’t keep

9. Such a nervous wreck at the onset of the audition that I ended up fainting.

a. was I b. I was c. were I d. I was being

10. I would have preferred about the meeting a few days ahead of time rather than at the last minute.

a. to have informed b. having informed c. informing d. to have been informed

11. accepting accountability for the oil spill, the company refused to foot the bill for the clean up.

a. In spite b. Although c. However d. Despite

12. When the scandal broke out, the director of the company decided to hand in his resignation create

a lot of bad publicity for the company.

a. so as not to b. in order not c. in case he d. so that

13. Jeremy may not have the authority to, but he orders everyone around as though he a senior

executive.

a. is b. is being c. were d. has been

14. In retrospect, he realised that he had been the ideal candidate for the job and regretted for the

position.

a. not to apply b. not applying c. not to have applied d. not being applied

15. Whenever I into Lorrette, she talks about the environmental group which she is a member of.

a. bump b. am bumping c. bumped d. have bumped

A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.�. gR AmmAR

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B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words including the word given.

1. I bought ten items of clothing but I didn’t need five of them.

WHICH

I bought ten items of clothing use to me.

2. Allegedly, this advanced telecommunications system was invented by two very resourceful young lads.

SAID

This advanced telecommunications system two very resourceful

young lads.

3. Perhaps he was behaving so peevishly because what you said offended him.

BEEN

He because what you said offended him.

4. ‘While Harold Robbins was serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs, he was leaking confidential information’, said the

journalist.

OF

Harold Robbins while he was serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs.

5. You should on no account give the parcel to anyone other than the person in question.

BE

Under to anyone but the person in question.

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In 1856, quarry workers in Germany found some bones in a cave which on first sight seemed to belong to a bear or other large mammal. However, these bones were later identified as being of a previously unknown species of hominid similar to humans, which were named Neanderthals after the valley in which the cave is located. Since then, numerous other similar remains have been discovered, and it has been established that the Neanderthals inhabited parts of Europe and Central Asia from around 400,000 to 28,000 years ago.Traditionally, Neanderthals have been portrayed derogatively, as uncivilised and unsophisticated grunting cavemen. In the knowledgeable science-fiction writer HG Wells’ short story The Grisly Folk (1921), for example, they are depicted as savage creatures who deserved to die out. The reasons for this negative portrayal are not altogether clear, although it might have something to do with

Neanderthals’ physical characteristics. They were about the same height as contemporary Homo sapiens, our ancestors, but they had a more robust build, with barrel chests and shorter limbs, and indeed were much stronger, especially in the arms and hands, which might bring to mind a great ape, such as a gorilla. Their heads were also characteristically different to those of Homo sapiens, and with their receding chins and foreheads appeared much more ape-like. Thus it was all too easy to see Neanderthals as thickheaded semi-humans. Indeed, this attitude is reflected linguistically, since calling someone a ‘Neanderthal’ infers stupidity and a disposition to resort to brute force. Scientific research has nonetheless concluded that this popular conception of Neanderthals is mere prejudice. Firstly, the evidence that exists seems to indicate that they had comparable intelligence to modern humans. Their cranial capacity was the same or slightly larger than contemporary Homo sapiens, indicating that they had brains at least as big. Moreover, it seems that the brain areas responsible for complex thought were just as advanced as ours, and so they probably had the ability to think like us. Nevertheless, because we have only bones and no soft tissue to go on, any conclusions drawn about Neanderthal brains and cognitive capacity can only be provisional at best. This said, if Neanderthals were indeed intelligent, we would expect that there to be some signs of Neanderthals applying this intelligence, and indeed we do.Neanderthals performed many sophisticated tasks which are normally associated only with humans. For example, it is known that they controlled fire, constructed complex shelters and skinned animals. They also made various tools, including hammers of bone and wood, and stone-headed axes and spears. They even seem to have performed burial ceremonies, since they buried their dead with flowers and tools. It is also believed that they used a kind of body paint, and perhaps even had jewellery, with the caveat that the latter may have instead been traded from the Homo sapiens who co-existed with them.There is, however, a particular ability that human beings have which makes us unique, namely language. Like us, Neanderthals lived in groups and had varied social systems, and so language would have been very useful for them. Nevertheless, the idea that they lacked complex language was widespread until 1983, when a Neanderthal hyoid was found at Kebara Cave in Israel. The hyoid is a small bone which connects the muscles of the tongue with those of the larynx in a way that facilitates a notably wider range of tongue and laryngeal movements. The hyoid bone found in the Kebara Cave is virtually identical to that of modern humans, indicating that Neanderthals were able to make a comparably broad range of sounds, as required for speech. So it seems that Neanderthals could do more than merely grunt.Another factor important in communication by speech is understanding. From the shape of their outer and middle ears, Neanderthals appear to have had an auditory sensitivity similar to modern humans and very much more advanced than chimpanzees. Thus, they were probably able to differentiate between many different sounds, such as the various sounds of spoken language. Indeed, some researchers hypothesise that they enjoyed music and singing.

Ancient Ancestors: What were the Neanderthals really like?

Read the text and answer the questions 1-�. Choose a, b, c or d.

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18SCORE

You’ll hear a professor giving a lecture on the lost city of Atlantis and its presumed location. For questions 1-�, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

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1. Atlantis is said to have been engulfed by a(n) that followed soon after the huge earthquake that struck it.

2. The evidence backing Plato’s account is based on performed just west of the Straits of Gibraltar.

3. Dr Marc-Andre Gutscher thinks that there are impressive similarities between the and the geological reality.

4. Plato’s most famous student, Aristotle, is said to have regarded his story of Atlantis as .

5. Plato placed the destruction of Atlantis at a period before .

6. Various have been suggested, one of which places Atlantis right in the middle of the Atlantic.

7. Marinatos linked the destruction of Atlantis to a(n) that is genuine.

8. Some time around 1500BC a(n) took place on the island of Thera, which led to the destruction of an advanced civilisation.

9. Robert Sarmast believes that the of the Mediterranean basin brought about the end of Atlantis.

1. What did HG Wells say about Neanderthals? a. They had never actually existed. b. They were intelligent and innovative. c. They still lived on in certain parts of the world. d. They were inferior to Homo sapiens.

2. What may have led to Neanderthals’ being depicted in an unfavourable light?

a. their size and build b. the fact that they were stronger than Homo sapiens c. the fact that they descended from gorillas d. their volatile temper and tendency to violence

3. According to the writer, what is true of Neanderthals’ brains?

a. They were certainly larger and as advanced as the ones of modern humans.

b. The evidence that Neanderthals applied their intelligence is inconclusive.

c. They were the same size as the ones of modern humans or even slightly bigger.

d. They were very similar to the ones of modern humans in terms of size and cognitive capacity.

4. What does caveat in paragraph 4 mean? a. cautionary note b. conviction c. scientific discovery d. evidence

5. The writer implies that a. there are several misconceptions regarding

Neanderthals. b. Neanderthals were not as ugly and violent as many

people think. c. Neanderthals were as intelligent as Homo sapiens. d. more scientific research is required in order to discard

the prejudices linked with Neanderthals.

6. The discovery of a Neanderthal hyoid bone is very important because it shows that Neanderthals

a. spoke a complex language. b. could make a large variety of sounds. c. were able to make only animal noises. d. had vocal organs identical to the ones of modern

humans.

7. What did examination of Neanderthal ears show? a. They were able to understand human speech. b. They could hear very quiet sounds. c. The shape of their ears was the same as modern

humans. d. They could distinguish a wide range of sounds.

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“Spare the rod and spoil the child.’ This common phrase from the previous century, is supported by some people today who believe that children should be physically punished in order to learn to be obedient and have good manners. Discuss the meaning of this proberb giving examples to support your ideas.

Write your essay in 250 - 300 words.

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TOTAL SCORE 100

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Traveller Advanced C1Test Booklet

H.Q. Mitchell

Published by: MM Publications www.mmpublications.com info@mmpublications.com

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Copyright © 2011 MM Publications

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publishers.

The publishers have tried to contact all copyright holders, but in cases where they may have failed, they will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

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ISBN: 978-960-443-627-9