treaty of versailles 1919. wilsons 14 points 1. no more secret agreements ("open covenants...
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Treaty of Versailles 1919
Wilson’s 14 Points
1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at").
2. Free navigation of all seas.
3. An end to all economic barriers between countries.
4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers.
5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial
6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop her own political set-up.
7. Belgium should be independent like before the war.
8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine
• 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "along• clearly recognizable lines of nationality."• 10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-
Hungary.• 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for• the Balkan states.• 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-
Tur Turkish Empire should govern themselves.• 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the
sea.• 14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and
territorial independence of all states.
• NOTE- 6-13 SELF- DETERMINATION
Negotiations
• Big Four– Pres. Wilson—U.S.– David Lloyd George—
GB – Clemenceau—France – Orlando—Italy
• Others– Japan– 28 lesser nations
III. Vengence & Greed
1. SECRET TREATIES DURING THE WAR
2. What do you think was their reaction to Wilson’s 14 Point Plan for Peace?
George ClemenceauFrench Prime
Minister
David Lloyd GeorgeBritish Prime Minister
FR & GRBR Agreed to Divide up Germany’s
Colonies & Take Territory Away
Election Campaign
Slogan“Make Them
Pay”
“The only way to ensure
a secure France is to
Crush Them”
III. Revenge?
3. PRESIDENT WILSON
4. IF TOO HARSH
What Does This Mean?
In 1919, the Big 4 met in Paris to negotiate the Treaty: Lloyd George of
Britain, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S.
“Go Easy”On GR / AU.
“Peace Without Victory”
Idealism vs. Security
President Wilson’s TaskWhat does this cartoon show?
Territorial Changes
• France– Alsace & Loraine– Saar region—
15years
• Poland– Polish Corridor– Danzig
• Italy– Trentino & Trieste
Territorial Changes
• Romania – Transylvania—
Hungary – Bessarabia—Russia
• Bulgaria– Lost land to Greece
& Yugoslavia
Territorial Changes
• New Nations– Austria– Hungary– Czechoslovakia– Yugoslavia– Baltic States
• Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, & Finland
Pre WWI Europe Click On Map To Go ToSource: www.worldwar1.com
Post WWI Map 1920: Restructured
Mandates
• France– Syria & Lebanon
• Great Britain– Palestine & Iraq
• Germany’s colonies• Africa
– France, Great Britain, Belgium, & South Africa
• Asia & Pacific– Japan, Australia, &
New Zealand
Mandates
Disarmament & Demilitarization
Germany
• Resented treaty
• Lost:– Territory & colonies
• Demilitarized• Impossible
reparation bill
Treaty = League of Nations
• 60 Nations• Settle disputes• Prevent future
war
Controversy
Controversy
• France feels insecure
• Germany felt wrongly punished
• No peace w/out victory
• Imperialism?• Nationalism?• Self-determination
?
World’s Future