Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of VersaillesUSUS

PreviewPreview What should happen when a country is What should happen when a country is

defeated in a war? Should they be defeated in a war? Should they be punished?punished?

What would be good about punishing What would be good about punishing them?them?

What would be bad about punishing them?What would be bad about punishing them?

Woodrow Wilson and the USWoodrow Wilson and the US

He was very He was very idealistic.idealistic.

He thought he could He thought he could negotiate a peace negotiate a peace settlement that would settlement that would prevent future wars.prevent future wars.

Wilson’s Plan for a New Wilson’s Plan for a New World OrderWorld Order

Wilson’s plan for peace was called the Wilson’s plan for peace was called the 14-14-Points.Points.

Some of the things it called for: Some of the things it called for: Free TradeFree Trade Freedom of the SeasFreedom of the Seas Arms reductionArms reduction An end to secret alliancesAn end to secret alliances **Self-DeterminationSelf-Determination—the right of people to —the right of people to

have their own countries and choose their own have their own countries and choose their own form of government. Breaking Up the Ottoman form of government. Breaking Up the Ottoman and Austrian-Hungarian Empire. NO MORE and Austrian-Hungarian Empire. NO MORE COLONIES OR EMPIRES!COLONIES OR EMPIRES!

The League of NationsThe League of Nations

Above all, Wilson’s plan called for an Above all, Wilson’s plan called for an international organization called the international organization called the League League of Nations.of Nations.

The League would be made up of members The League would be made up of members from all of the countries of the world and from all of the countries of the world and would settle disputes without war.would settle disputes without war.

They would also use They would also use collective securitycollective security (everybody ganging up on whoever got out (everybody ganging up on whoever got out of line) to prevent war in the future.of line) to prevent war in the future.

Wilson Arrives in ParisWilson Arrives in Paris

The Paris Peace ConferenceThe Paris Peace Conference

The Allies met in Paris to The Allies met in Paris to decide what should be done decide what should be done now that he war was over.now that he war was over.

Wilson represented the U.S.Wilson represented the U.S.

Georges Clemenceau Georges Clemenceau represented the French.represented the French.

David Lloyd George the David Lloyd George the British.British.

Vittorio Orlando = Italy.Vittorio Orlando = Italy.

How might the British and How might the British and French want a different type of French want a different type of

peace settlement than the peace settlement than the U.S.?U.S.?

What the leaders wantedWhat the leaders wanted

Wilson wanted his 14-points. He wanted to Wilson wanted his 14-points. He wanted to be easy on Germany so there would be no be easy on Germany so there would be no resentment.resentment.

The British and the French wanted to punish The British and the French wanted to punish Germany and keep her weak.Germany and keep her weak.

They also want to keep their colonies.They also want to keep their colonies.

France wants Alsace-LorraineFrance wants Alsace-Lorraine

The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles The final treaty was the The final treaty was the Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles..

The treaty was The treaty was very harsh on the Germans.very harsh on the Germans. Germans were Germans were forced to say that the war was their fault.forced to say that the war was their fault.

They were forced to pay large reparations (payments) to cover They were forced to pay large reparations (payments) to cover the destruction caused by the war and for allied soldiers the destruction caused by the war and for allied soldiers pensions.pensions.

The total amount was over The total amount was over $30-Billion$30-Billion

They had to give up territory to France and were not allowed to They had to give up territory to France and were not allowed to have a big army or navy.have a big army or navy.

They lost their colonies. (England and France kept theirs.)They lost their colonies. (England and France kept theirs.)

People in Austro-Hungarian Empire are given Self-determination.People in Austro-Hungarian Empire are given Self-determination.

Ottoman empire broken up—League of Nations takes over their Ottoman empire broken up—League of Nations takes over their territory.territory.

The League of NationsThe League of Nations

The League of Nations was accepted.The League of Nations was accepted.

But for the US to be a part, But for the US to be a part, Wilson Wilson needs to go back to the US and get needs to go back to the US and get Senate to approve it. Senate to approve it.

Divisions at home (US)Divisions at home (US) IrreconcilablesIrreconcilables —Against joining the —Against joining the

League under any circumstances.League under any circumstances.

They are traditional isolationists—believe They are traditional isolationists—believe that the US has no business in European that the US has no business in European affairs.affairs.

See the League as an alliance.See the League as an alliance.

Mainly Republicans.Mainly Republicans.

ReservationistsReservationists Think that the League might be Ok, but some Think that the League might be Ok, but some

changes are needed before they can go along.changes are needed before they can go along.

Fear that as written, the US would have no Fear that as written, the US would have no control over when its troops were sent to war.control over when its troops were sent to war.

Call for Amendments that give US sole authority Call for Amendments that give US sole authority to send troops.to send troops.

Mainly Republicans and some just want to Mainly Republicans and some just want to embarrass Wilson. embarrass Wilson.

Led by Led by Henry Cabot LodgeHenry Cabot Lodge..

InternationalistsInternationalists

Wilson and his supporters (mainly Democrats)Wilson and his supporters (mainly Democrats)..

They are for US to be a part of the League of They are for US to be a part of the League of Nations.Nations.

Think that the US has a moral obligation to be Think that the US has a moral obligation to be involved in world affairs.involved in world affairs.

If you keep to yourself, then you have no If you keep to yourself, then you have no influence.influence.

Wilson Takes it to the Wilson Takes it to the PeoplePeople

Frustrated by Senate opposition, Wilson Frustrated by Senate opposition, Wilson went on nation-wide speaking tour.went on nation-wide speaking tour.

Has a stroke.Has a stroke.

In the end, Wilson would not make a In the end, Wilson would not make a deal with the reservationists and deal with the reservationists and the US the US never joined the League of Nations.never joined the League of Nations.

ReviewReview What was the name of the What was the name of the

agreement hat ended WWI?agreement hat ended WWI?

A = Treaty of VersaillesA = Treaty of Versailles

How did Wilson’s postwar vision How did Wilson’s postwar vision differ from those of the British and differ from those of the British and the French? Why?the French? Why?

What was the name of Wilson’s plan to create a What was the name of Wilson’s plan to create a new world order and prevent future wars?new world order and prevent future wars?

A = 14 pointsA = 14 points

What was the name of the World Organization What was the name of the World Organization proposed by Wilson that was supposed to keep proposed by Wilson that was supposed to keep the peace in the post-war world?the peace in the post-war world?

A = League of Nations.A = League of Nations.

Name and describe the two groups of U.S. Name and describe the two groups of U.S. senators that were opposed to joining the senators that were opposed to joining the League of Nations.League of Nations.

A = Irreconcilables and reservationists.A = Irreconcilables and reservationists.