tree diversityday2012 luedelinge.pptx
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Presentation on Tree Diversity Day, 11 October 2012, at the 11th CBD Conference of Parties in Hyderabad, IndiaTRANSCRIPT
Climate change and Biodiversity: interfacing mi6ga6on and adapta6on
Eike Luedeling
Tree Diversity Day 2012 CBD COP-‐11
Hyderabad, India
Landscapes are made up of different elements
Forest Urban
Agriculture
Landscapes are made up of different elements
High biodiversity Very low
biodiversity
Crop biodiversity
Boundaries between landscape elements are oAen fuzzy
In many landscapes, dis6nc6ons are not clear-‐cut
Biodiversity is considerable in all parts of the landscape
AdaptaFon will be essenFal…
Climate change affects all landscape elements
…for landscapes
…for people
Microclimate effects
Trees can contribute to climate change adapta6on
Trees, forests and agroforestry contribute to hydrological cycling
Rainbow Water
à Influence on regional rainfall paLerns
Rainbow Water
Closes the hydrological cycle, adds the concept of terrestrial
evapotranspiraFon as ‘recyling’
Enhanced soil ferFlity Improved water household
Risk reducFon Income diversificaFon
Trees can contribute to climate change adapta6on
Opportunity for increased off-‐farm income
CollevaQ et al., 2011. Tree GeneFcs & Genomes 7, 1237-‐1247
Climate change impacts on Caryocar brasiliense Present climate Habitat
suitability
High
Low
Projected 2050s climate
Many trees need assistance with adaptaFon
Trees are vulnerable to climate change
In REDD, iniFally sharp divide between forests and non-‐forests
Difficulty in defining forests
Interna6onal climate change nego6a6ons
Tree canopy covering >75% of the surface area
UNEP, 2009. Vital forest graphics.
Interna6onal climate change nego6a6ons
Tree canopy covering >50% of the surface area
UNEP, 2009. Vital forest graphics.
Interna6onal climate change nego6a6ons
Tree canopy covering >20% of the surface area
UNEP, 2009. Vital forest graphics.
Interna6onal climate change nego6a6ons
UNEP, 2009. Vital forest graphics.
Tree canopy covering >10% of the surface area
Interna6onal climate change nego6a6ons
Carbon can be stored anywhere in the landscape
Interna6onal climate change nego6a6ons
Carbon can be stored anywhere in the landscape
Interna6onal climate change nego6a6ons
Forest
Agroforestry farm
SomeFmes non-‐forests store more carbon than forests
Leakage: reduced emissions at one place may be offset by added emissions elsewhere
Gradual realizaFon of the need for a whole-‐landscape approach:
RED to REDD to REDD+ to AFOLU
Interna6onal climate change nego6a6ons
REALU? (Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses)
Biodiversity happens everywhere in the landscape
Currently, there is a clear division between landscape elements in CBD programmes
Climate change requires biodiversity conserva6on to take a landscape approach
Currently suitable habitat for a given
species
Suitable habitat in 2050
Climate change requires biodiversity conserva6on to take a landscape approach
Currently suitable habitat for a given
species
Suitable habitat in 2050
Climate change requires biodiversity conserva6on to take a landscape approach
Diverse landscapes including trees facilitate migraFon and adaptaFon
Co-‐benefits for climate change adaptaFon and miFgaFon
Tree biodiversity can be preserved outside forests
Biodiversity is best protected with a whole-‐landscape approach, including trees outside forests
