trees - a golden nature guide

8/3/2019 Trees - A Golden Nature Guide

1/164

143 TREES IN FUL COLOR

A GUD FMII MI

N NA UD


2/164

GLN NU GUBIRDS FLOWERS NSCTS EES

RPTILES AND MPHBANS SAS MAMMALS SEASHORESFISH FOSSILS GAME IDS SPIDERSZOO ANIMALS SASHELLS O TH WOLD

ROCKS AND MNRALS BUTERLIES AND MOHSNON-FOWEING PLANS IECT E PND LIE

ORCHIDS NDIAN AS

GLDN N GUDOOLOGY OTANY WATHER

GLDN LD GU

BRD OF NORTH AMRICA

TRS O NORTH AMERICA

SEASHLLS OF NOH MERCA

G LDN G N L GU

H SOUHEA THE SOUTHWEHE PACIIC NOHWE

EVRGLADES NTIONAL PAK

TH OCKY MONAIS ACADA NATONAL PARKOSEMI WSHINGTON, D.C.

SRL AND HE HOL AND MXICO

GD ND

SAILING PHOTOGRAPHY GUNS POWER BOSPOR CARS IHING PNG CB NHNY GASSE'S GUID O PINNG

H SKY BSERVERS GUIDE SKIING NIQUSGLDE GLDE AURE GuE and GLDE PR

are tradmrks of Wstrn Publishng Copany nc


3/164

SPECIES IN OLOR

A GUDE TO FAMILR AMRICN TRS

byHERBERT . ZIM PhD, c.D.

a d

L X N D E R C M A R T I , P h D .

Former Senior Biologist, US. ish and Wildlif ervce

ILLUSTRATED BY

D O R O T H A A N D S Y B A R O W E

A GOLDEN NATURE IE

GOLDN PRESS NEW YORK


4/164

F

Trees brighten he ountryide and sofen the harsh linesof iy srees. Eah year they inrease in imporane andnd new uses. They are beauifl and majesti; amonghem ar the larges and les of liing thins.

ur hanks go to the many indiiduals and insituinsho heled us wih his boo. Doroea and y Barle,he ariss, hae gien unsningly of hei ime andalen o produe paes of unusual exellee. elandPraer for the U.. Fores erie has uplied inaluablphographs. Henry K. enson of the Amerian Museuof aural History, Harod . Moldenke and he libraryand herbarium of he e York Boaial Garden, andillia H. urkin nd Donald G. Huleson of he Brook-

lyn Boani Garden heled us oer any rgh spos, asdid he Naioal Herbarium in Wahingon, D. C

In he rese reision nine pages of informain haebeen added, inluding sini naes. e hp readersil d hi fer and ore arai lme e useful.

H. . Z.

A. C M.

VIS IT 195 95 esten lsg ony In All gt seed ldg gs o eoon ad se a om o anyeas dg te mag o es a o oes o y ayee eaal dee ed wen o oa o eodng osd sl eodtn o se a nowledge eteal ysem de less esson wg s oaed o e oyigt oe. dd n t e A es e n lsg o man I n sed lde ess ew o a o on ge ss a ta l og a me 1831


5/164

SIIS B

Trees are e mos onspiuous an besnon pans in

mans experiene Many are graefu an a oy o see. oi is no onder a people an o no e ierenrees Tis boo is guie o e mos ommon rees inAmera. In adiion o e 1 40 inds piured, e boomay ep you ienify many ore a are smiar.

Trees are easies o idenify y eir aes Mos of e

iusraions in is oo so aso e form of a reeas i usuay gros By suying e forms of rees, youmay soon learn o ienify em a a isane is booeas ony i rees I oes no inue ines or srubsA ree is a ooy plan i a singe ere sem, groingo a eig of 1 0 fee or more ie rus aso areooy, e are usuay smaler a rees an en oae many sems groing in a ump

Tis ounry as o maor groups of rees onifers(Pines an er reaies), idenie by neeeie orsay eaes n e broaeae rees (eaes boa ionras o eaes of e ies) ome of e aer, ieios, ae narro eaes. ers, ie Mapes, ae

broa ones. rees i simiar ypes of eaes ae beenpae ogeer in is boo o mae ieniaion easier

ne group of roadeaved rees as simpe eaeseaes i a singe, aene bae on a sa or peioe.er rees ae ompoun eaes in i e bae isiie io a number of eaes. A eae may oo a


6/164

good de ike e, bu lees re disin n vngno bud eir bse

Te e bde m be enire; s, wi smoo,

nu edge Te edge m be ooed, or i m verger proeions ed obes. Someimes ef is boobed nd ooed Te pern o e e edge permisurer ssiion o reessu s used ere

en ou nd ree ou do no know, rs deide i is needee or brode pe I e er, seewheher i is simpe or compound, enire, or ooed orobed. Tis ou n e gne Ten use e e(p 5) o nd were in is bok e ree i ike o pper.Inormion i is book sresses denicion.

Rnge mps sow were vrios trees re ikel o o-ur I e rnge o more n one ree s given, deren coor or ine pern is used or e Overpping

o oor nd ines mens overpping o rnges Espeies is nmed on, or nex o, e oor or ine pern ireers o, s in e smpe mp below.

As ou ern more bou rees, knowedge o eir siec nmes gros nresng seu Seni nmesof rees iusred in is book re on pp 1 561 57.

Sip s book ino our pke or pocebook. Use i ine prk or ong e reet wenever ou see ree oudo no know. Tumb hrough e book in our spre time.eome fmiir wi ommon rees, so ou reognizeem sig A rs ou i ve o eck deis oe, brk, nd perps buds nd frui o be sure of our

idenicion. s ou come o knowrees b eir brncing n eirorm, ou wi be be o ideniome ins ince Oer,ess striking or less common reeswi ke oser ooking


7/164

K E T T H E T R E E

Trees with needle-like or scaly eaves

(e 18-4Trees with t leaves of vrying breadh

be tee 41-13

Trees wih mple lves, nt divied inoleaets 411

Edges f leves neiter tted r

lobd 413

Edges of leaves tooted . 48

Eges usually lobed nd tootd

me ete fruit n acorn 8

Edges lobed or toted and obe;

ui not n ac 18-1

es wi compud vs, ivid i

to lefes

Leets arraged nger-like 1113

fl


8/164

SI S

TO LOOK r ar wh u al yar lon anar a ntrtn in winr a in any ohr aon youwant o know h r, tudy h onh onh o h chan ta ark h aon Sprn a io opnin u an owr, o araciv, ohral an ay o ovrlook In prin, h parn o

opnin lav can n, wh channg color anxur a h lav aur In ur, la characrc ar ovou and hould ud to h ull u hur la w i no nouh, r al o bu,g, an ark a air o orv la all con, an ru aur and h dvlpn o rch au

tun coloraon, or t av drop, ak or ilian inr h i o u ud, twi, anark, an alo o larn r y hr hap an or

HR T Nal vr par o our counrha nav r an inroduc pc a ll Evn concrt canon o rat cii wih hir oo an

u cn oa o r. Tr grow narly vrwhrord ld h w om 1 drn pcTxa, Gora, and Calorna ollow in odr u vnh plan a oa o ucnt var o ak truy worh whil. To h o kn o r n rion, vii a an dirn local a you can.


9/164

ook at tr n two drnt wa:Fr, h a a lo look at a lan n owardhi or a ou rconz our nhor con ho ro

work lanc ucn; ail ar unporan Yourconz our nghor o auoaicall hat ou hn i hard o dcr h arn to know coon rh a way o ou can rcognz a h Oak or aPich Pin a u driv down h road arn h ror and ha o rowh o hat ou can quckl rconz vn a a danc, o a nh

Nxt, larn o look a r a a udn or ciniNoc dal ha idn an unuual pc or ll ouaou h rowh and l hir o r ou kno na hr s uch o larn aou ailar r ha can dcovrd onl co orvao and daldsud. Firs, ou get acquaied wih trees Then, as you

begin o look closer, you bein o ow he trees.

U N I TE D S TATE S F O RE S T BE L T S

A Pacic fores's [ Northern forestsB Rocky Mountai forests Central hardwood forests

C Pans and prarie F Southern forests


10/164

WHAT O SE ee e le h y h lee bu he we ut ee u w e wth tuy The tutue the tube

ut that k u the t e ee teeThe aul the w hw the ee e te wth e he we thuh e hly eebl

al we he ae ete tuy the tywe ca be teet the ty lae weuch the the al a Tulptee he c-puu we Ok llw Pe e ulylt by w The lae we ae te ect-llte the we eel ut tee ee t e wthy tuy Se e utu he bee wlle Se e by eu tul ee

Stuy whee ee w ee the el t heee uble eet utek y w lte th ze eethat cacy ecze t the ae k teetht w tall u w le wy Setee w ly wap th ly ay l

Se ee u e hehe yu lk t tee ee t whe e all t

y at a lly e the l te be cuty plat a aal l cle elat-hip t te ad t the il ad cliteKINDS OF RS ee bel t the ae lat -

l a ay h, w, a hu t the 7c ale ae epete by baleae eep 3. he ellea pec bel th pe -ly wth th ecept tw yw h pal llyale clue e a ze uuual t a y ae wth ly a ew ece ae kw


11/164

MAJR KINDS OF TRES

Ovr 800 o nav an nauralz

r row n h ni Sa. ou7 ar nauralz; h r ar navTh r ak u ovr 60 lonacr o or an rouc aou 1 0llon olar worh o or proucarl.

: O 15kds, with lllvd ls, iwr rgis.

F :O 65 kds, icldg ks, l,ch, h, bich .

F: O 100 kds, cldg, h lck,s c,, cd


12/164

0

F A

EEs k d wr d cb dxd, sg th g snght. hlhllks ths g tst ssbl.

rosss tion nd sto nl

OWER

Isd l, t h , s sht "lisd llshch bsb s gh t d

cls d s;t (gs th b thl) h t t

ll ts dc s s kd . st ws hbth l g (sn d

l g (istl). t d l ws cc. ws lckcscs tls. id rscts cr lln stn t stl. H ls,rtlid, dl it ds isti

TREE TTh cbi s lr gng d ddig clls lls shdd bk ths shd i d, hch bls tt g lg d cls lg thi s thick d hds th t d di. d s il clls d lig

Wintr budsof Wood and bark cellsulitr nlred


13/164

Fits dl thrid r. Th br

t sds b which tsrdc T sds grtl s s th gst ts ht sllst sds

T ts ss id th dss sds Flsh ts

t b ils, whs bdis th sd ltr b ddgd ts sdb wd "d ts ttr big ck w t st ld

Roots anchor trees to th

sol and absorb water an

sol minerals needed for

g rowth. Some trees have

deep tap roots; othes

have a speading system

of roots.

Rts s th sh thghth sl dd b ctht s th dgwig t chrt hd ths t,ds rt hs xtd t th sl, icsig th rts bsbgsc tds Thsd t's rtsst is t lst lt t th sd tscw.

OOT

oot c( nlrd )

oot hirs( nargd )


14/164

2

HOW

STig cc illttd h hd cll g: i o hoo I yg h bdls clls. Ths iy kid d k s vscl t.

s th ht gs ly cb c d bt thy bdl s th cbi divids d d bk cl ls .

Th cb ly ct t divid s lg s th t gs ig wd d bk Wd cll di l l t l l g th stin winter, nd the sprng cel ls a relg. Thi dic ks th l g i y sts

Mor Maur wi

R A IVING ING are a woner to bholThe olest live for as long as three or four thousn yers.m w am a as a 40 skscraper. Thlargest ontan enough woo to uid dozens of averag-

se us. Tse gants grow from sed so sal thatsevera hunred weg not ven an ounc.

With each see re the tin begnnings of tree.Aer th seed spruts, ars grow folow, uringwic te h avs use soar energ to ake sugarfrom caron dioxide and water. Fro sugar, by intrcte

cemsr, the wo f r i eventuall bul. Thetree's centr or hearwood is dd. ut aroun ths coreis a liin shath fro wch ll parts of the tree dvelopAs te ces of t ree i, grow, an reproduce, theyuse soe o e ugar made by h leas, ineras taknrm he si an temenous aounts of wter


15/164

TEES D WD alwas go togethe n very yontrees and races te growing cells develo a ing ofvascula ndles The ve iotant caiu ae of

cells fos across these undles a soon gows o foa coplete g s te cells of te cai divide, thoseat are ushed outwad fo ak Those that ae shinwad for wood

Wood is ade of seveal tes of cells; ost of theare long nd tuula Wood cells are alive when yong;later te die, leaving a netwok of vetical tues achkid of wood has distinct cells Wood of onifes softoods) contains an tick ells clled tacheids a-oods contai wood es and vessels ew woo cellspoduced in sprng ae often lage and thine thanose foed late, and so eac season is often ake an annul ing

W D S T C E

Whit in d Oak ivr Birch

Note he evenized Oak i tough, h a rd In ths even-g rained

cel l the a n n u a l r ing, a n d often c oa r e . wood, note the cat

and the few, scattered Note the large veel tered vesel or pore.

resi caals (which are which form i sprig, The a n u a l r igs a re

m o r e u m e r o u i n makg a u a l r igs thi a d harder toth i. ditict. dit iguish.

1


16/164

TEES D M Tees alwas will be one of the i-poan natual esouces of ou counr. Their iberoher wood producs, tupenine, and resins are of geatvaue. Tees also have values beond eckoning in hold-ig the soil, pevening oods, and ehaps inuencingciae. n addition, the beau of tees, the ajes offoess, and the quiet of woodands are eveone's to n-jo. he wooded ats of our countr are the areas owhich a people tun for ecetion.

Woods and foests are he homes of an kinds of

wildlie anging fo deer elk, oose, and bear tosma suies and even smallr sogids Peservaionof ou timeands ad he consevation of forest e-sources ae essential to a sound, fasigted naionalpo. Though he U.. Foest evice, the Naional Pakervice, he U.. Fish ad Widfe evice, and an

sa agences, oest and wildife esouces are beingpreseved o wise havesed so that we a use thenow e save the fo ou childens childen to enjo.

is your iviege to have a hae in he wo of oestonseaton. o ou sae eing caeful with e, epig in tee planing, and b eing vigilant in po-

ecing through egislaion, ou forest and wildiferesoure


17/164

AMA AVS

FIELD STU DY Tees e sue evey seso

he shoule Suyhe le hso f eethohthe ye Ech seson wll show eues h no e

seen other imes. Sele some erby rees o visi

les one oh Wh he us ope p

the leaves unold. See he owers, rui, m oor,

wigs, bark and eve the insecpess. O pae 154 aresuggesos of excelle ples o see d sudy rees.

Specmens are often labeled to id identitio.

ECIS ae no so o n su tees su gh eleve Fel studes e es u olleonof leves ws o fus y e of el vle ou sethe colecon afe you ake eaves ae eses o o

lect Make you ollecon el n he seso eoesects and sos hve njue he leaves Ge sog wth seveal leves o show lef laceen s wels twg nd ud hacess Pess leves eweesheets of newsn o othe sof ape Se o oou ess wh hev weh o un n che

e papes o evey few asAfe eaves e essed oun he on aowt stps of ue e un soe ove o show

he evese se Cove wthCellohne el youspeen wh oo dscenc nae ate col-

lecte locly nd nesColleons o wne wgsan e oune on o wh h we Seesn us e soe nsmll oxes o n lss vls


18/164

TEE CE S S A census of rees can be nereng anvaluabe o boh he census aer an o he count.Ofen he bes argumentor conservng or rovng he

re lanngs n our own or n nearb foress s a repor on he exsing conons. Ge a of our ownneghborhoo, or cap. Follow t ssteical, arkingown he locaion an nae o each re o n. Keea oun b sees a ou go.

WI TEES ees o an coon trees areeas o grow an culvae as seelings. A vs o a saeor Fores ervice nurser wil show ou how hs s one.Collect sees of coon secies. os wil no grow llhe folowing srng an shoul b sore a uooreraures. n srng, sees a be s n ats or os

covre lghl wh a xure of san an oa. arn recogne he seelngs, for he ofen have leaves haer fo hose of aure rees. When sengs areseveral inches hgh, the an b se n nvual ots orransan

ESTS D EST TYES rees o not grow nan nry hahaar atern. ernes n sol, eperaure, an ranfal en o cuse eran ses ogrow ogeher forng stnc s o forsts, sh he nrhrn oniferosforess of n or hOackor harwoo

foress of Oho f yorave a all, knowngan rcognizng he foes ypes wll a toour njent of thseny

d d d


19/164

MS EES Most cities or regions hae treesamous or their age, size, or historic events that ookplace near. Locate historic trees in our communit; see

that the get an neee attention. Search or the argesttees n our area; ou ma n recor secmens

EESI Careless lumering, res, hastilplanne agricultural rograms, an lain negec havelet our forest remnants i poor shae in man aces.en were this has occurre, local grous are aking

acie steps to restock the lan with cros o trees.Schools can sometimes otan farms aanone or txes,to e use for ractic conservation eonston ots.ther school sstems hve hei own rs n cs toeach an ractice conseration.

MMIY ESS D FES ESEVES

There are, in this countr, seveal countes free ofaxes ecause the income ro count forests, neecaes go, is enough to meet the ils. communitorest is a roject which oes ore than rove utureincome fro umer. lso becomes wilfe efea, i te surrounng eit, cnc n ecretion

cener. Areas aroun reserirs, for example, where useo the lan is limite, re ecellent for hs uose nterest other eole, the consul the coun aent, steorester, or a reresentatie of the U.S Foest Serce tomake suitale ans.

WD D LMBE The recognition of ierent

woos heir ores, as, an gan s an nterestngho, esecl f ou ike woo an use f youcolect an stu woos, emee tha the nes htlumermen ge trees are oten erent fro hose usei this ook. Whie Ok uer m coe om six oreight ieren Oaks; Yelow ine from seve ines.

17


20/164

IES re wde dsrbed oners mos ommon inoo empere regons oners rue owers; eseeds deveop n os e oners inde ner 500spees in ve mes O ese e ine m s rges


21/164

Eaen Whit Pn"

PondrosaPine

Virgnia Pine

nd e non incude Sruce Fir Hock nd d con c Pine Tr Pin ng ned going o v n c T cn g nd e d

1


22/164

ESTE WHITE IE is a hary an valuble north-

eaern onier Prize or its tiber it was u uthleslyor years. Few prie stans of White Pine eain ewpantings are owe by seeral isease. One is the whitepne blister ust a ungs isease that spreas o WhitePine ro urrants an gooseberries eognize WhitePine by its soft bluegreen neeles ve in a uster Cones

are long an narrow, ih thin, roune sale; br, arkwith ee raks; woo light ansot Westen White Pine s soe-what iilar; neeles heavier, oneslarger an longe.egh 50 00 Pne my


23/164

S PIN,one o the tallst largst an mst majetic o ine, h a tright, taering trunk toe by

a attened crown. Th thick branch srea at almstright angs to the trnk. Neeles, growin v in a cster, are hav, begrn, wit wite tin. Thy ersistor two r three years. Cnes, matrin in two ears, arthe arst knwn12 t 15 in ln, tn lnger. Th

sees re an imrtant wilife f The bark is rwn,it scay riges. T sgary sa

crystallzs a cs int w, cris

ganls. w is ris b wn,

gt, a n sft.:

egh 00 o 0 ne m

2 1


24/164

22

ITCH IE prrs rock sa rgos a s tolra

o poor sol. oug rs o op groun a b roua strcal; olr rs vlo pcursque rrgular crows o gnarl brachs. As h ne cas hs s ar rch pch or rsn whch akssmll brachs cos or torchs or caprs.Th gu mbr s brl o low gra a o ll

coomc valu Nls ar groups o hr 3 o 5 .

(

\ .

log s a llowshgr. Thbark s rshbrow urroweTh prckl slss cos prsso h trs or svral ars.

eght 4 to Pne my


25/164

E IE as as ts na pls lng nls

12 t 18 n lng ar grn an sny tr n alstr yn sts ar a lgt t t y. ngnglafs ar t fr Crstas rns lr trs artapp fr g s tat pr trpntn rsn an trnaal strs" appng ay nt njr t trs wyl xllnt all-prps lmb t t rsn-r

ts n t trs at r asly ag t frst angrs n ry watr bar s { rang-brwn an saly Cns ar

t 10 n lng l l brwn an'

spn.Heght: ! to t. Pne my


26/164

24

DE IE ls s lng 4 t in nls

in cstrs tr It is wstrn tr, tn grwing rgr tn ng l in nrs ls c l l strnl lw in, is riz r its l m br Nw th mst wilys n r bi ling ncing, ri lr tis, n cstrctin, it is rl ly ct t insr tr slis rkn yg trs s r brwn rrw lr trs

vl lrg, t, rs ts T brwn cns 3 t 5in ng wit si scls, grwn shrt stks ng sts whnrn, hv n r l ik tt an rngHeght: 8 to t Pne amy


27/164

LDL I has a a prsna it. n pn ara

h cki i i a hin all Pin avrd by h ndianr makin ls r tipis an ls. This rm p n a t t i n a. t hih in thmntains r aln th shs, wins twist ths innt nar, bnt shaps that ha an r thm thatin nam tta Man ns n this in han frars wih pnn. Hw, rr srit this thin-bak inass th

n t pn, rsin th brn

.

;

ara. Th tw nls ar hrt an :

twist.Heght: 5 to 8 t Pne amy ..


28/164

VIIA I is bes knwn as a w, srbby ree f

wase aes an abann farmans As knwn asJersey ine, i reminaes in e New Jrsy ine barrens n sany, easiy r lan i pris rner whi mre alab rs may g sar esr, wise, ll neeles n sarp, prikly ns arearaerisi In nrern saes an anaa, he sm

wa simi la r ak ine rs Is w n les are srr,an wise ne is smer. Virinia ine has i e vae as im

ber, th i is asinay sefr .Heght 3 to 4 t P ne amy


29/164

I IE proucs icious pinon o pine

nus, an Inan an cac, ic oo aarn o no. o, rourssan re ros onsa an ounainss n oust Is nsar sor an si, in cusrs o s an rs. oo s us o ncps an u In a a Naas an or Inans sak nusc are

ar, ins ssos r pn cons, arn us Anor

j

,inon n aou e sa/

-

/f

ran as is ns sin nsa

}

o n os or rs>

)eht 1 5 t 50 Pne amy

.

Y

.


30/164

2

SS grw stragt an tal tapng pwar t apoint. Th brancs ar rzntal ftn rpng Snct w s sft fairly stng an ftn fr fr ntsSprc is a valabl tmbr t. T w s s nman y kins f constrctn an b l ng Canaan Spcspes mc of r plpw. Al Srcs can b rcgnz by te ns aang n cmpact spralsarn t twgs. Eac n s f- s narly sqan crsssctn. T cns aways angng wn matr n n sasn. Eastrn Spcs t anac ma p mc f t cl nrtrn frsts. Stwar ty flw t gr ats f t Algns.


31/164

BlackSpruc

RedSpruc

SpruceN

h

oss

Section

Western Sprces are arger an incle mre specis.The le Srce is oten lante as an rnamental as isNorway Srce, a Erean tree, with rooping branchesan ong cones the wester rces, Eneman n a nle are mst common Sitka Sprces o the Northwestbecome giants 50 to 80 t high an 8 to 2 t. thickSprces are se by northern wilie ring the lngwinter: srce grse an varyng hares ea the nee les,eer brwse on he twigs, an crossbis, chickaees, an other songbirs ee on the sma winesees.


32/164

HES s is wic l

te alcypss te S, se ti as wit thcming f wi sl, nls, bt ainc lng, gw i ts a z at t sf sn bcls T sll, scly cs a pigt spcis f c gw in is cty a!l asmw simi l i ppaanc w s l l ,

staigt s i s s f pls, l b, n c nsi g bs f s m w s by s sen Inians t bin seams f tiichk cnes.Hegh 5 . Pe amy


33/164

DOLSR and its close reltive, Bgcone Spruce,

re not Firs r Srucs, bu cose tvs of emock(p. 35). ke i, hey hve fat, soft sort-stalked needles,growng n fttened spiral around t w. The reddish cones, 2 to 3 in. long have narro, hreepontedbrcts between he scales. Nxt o the Giant SequoasDougls-r wth ts ronded stragh, reguar trun i our

lrgest tree. Some grow over 200 ft. hig, bt 00 ft. ismore common. The wood varis fromcorse to ne-grind It yields lywood, cnsruction timers andother lumber

eh: 0 o 10 f. Pine fami

3 1


34/164

32

FIRS are anther grup f nrthern cn ifers. Of abou25 seces, 0 are fn n he Une Sates reta l , symmerca l, cne-shae trees wth ense ranchesThe smh rk f yng rees s rken lsers fresn r balsam The ar f ler trees s frrwe rrge Fr neeles are wh salks generaly aener gre abe They are sally lne anleae cclar scars when hey r The cnes arerght an lng, an vary n clr frm reen r rlsh rwn In he Nrheas, he alsam Fr s cmmn Ths reang Fr s recgnze y s smh, eencnes an y he whsh lnes n he nerse f he


35/164

nls. Fragrant, sprngy, alsam bgs ar s nmag bs by many camprs n t Nrt s. Mrmprtat s t sn bta by cttng t bark. Tsrsn, s fr mntng mcscpc spcmns n abratrs s knwn as anaa alsam. t, alfrna, acc Slr, ran, an tr spcs f Frarf n r wsrn mntans an p nt anaa. O

20 t 2 ml l rstmas trs ct ac yar abt 0pr cnt ar alsam Fr. glas-rrans scn, wt tr spcs fFr an Sprc tra l ng egh 50 00 . e my

33


36/164

DOOD nd NSO closl rltdts, w oc commo, vi t ctic Rdwood, wt

lvs suggstig Hmloc, ist tllst t (cod: 364t).Wood dis sot d bittlGit uoi, wit vs liJuip, is t lrgst d odst livig tig Wood cors,

brow d brittl. Rg liitd; ow protctd i Ntio Prs Grl rm ris 273 t ig, 115 t oud,d ov 3,000 rs old.He 2- e


37/164

/

HLK, w s cas w was gnr wn

pe eastn rss wre ct er Nw i has becean accpabl tb t se r cnstrctin, bxing an plpw Hlcs a easily tansplantean ae ly s n rnaenal egs Te bar isc in tannn S at neles n n stals in twan rws, a charactristc Helck. Tese

nels ae arer abe an si ler-lin belw herea w astn an tw wesenspcs f Hc T wesennes, st cn in h Nrtwes, are larger.egh 60 100 . Pe my

3


38/164

JI a fn n cy sany t r s l sn mst ats f ths cnty hy a st tant nthe st Nn f twle specs fn n theFar st Mst Jnps ha nt blnt scaly lasgwng cls t th twg h ft s cnewth shy scals rgng t f a blsh bey" cn

tanng n sral ss Jne bs a anmtant f f sm bs an th sall wl fe;many Inans l them t Th by f th mmnJ n fnshs h f gn J n s gystt spang ts wth thn scly bs bahe tah Jnp a typcal t f th y Sthwst s


39/164

AlligaJuniper

Siea

Juniper

37

s ed ese Jnpe Is gs e sende nd eund berr s snge seed Te be ee es ded s used b Indns n vng e dTe Ag Jnpe des n vng s k g bkboken no sed pes ke e epes skWesen Junpes e mmn n e sme rnge s

nn nes (p 27) nd e e essn dg.Te d s used or e mbe nmens nd enepss ne ge e pngensm o bunng Junpe n mpe nder wesen dese skes.egh 5 60 e m


40/164

3

STRN RDDR is June ke se n 36

37. I is weknwn ee sides es eerws e ee Ree e r n neeeen ng ss s n e wigs e is pis ber. e reds wd is se ess enspss n snges. edr i ise m ees nwd s used in used preins. Ang e G

n n ern Reder ree spees s

sme ees n inne ing wgs e nme e m e

nusng s i is se r seenes n se reedeh: 0 o 60 f Pne famy


41/164

TH WHIT- s se reed es

ern Rededr n ner e rese eedrs gs nd sr g reen seelees re ened n ne sprs e brnsnes re er sm In nrs e Jners eseedrs preer ms r sm s Vrees e beened nd rn r ndbres nd rnmense e sm ressn d s sed r snes ndsdn An esern s seess smer nrrer ees

eh: 2 50 f (Nhe Whiecedar, ea; 100 150 f (WeernRedceda, we Pe famiy


42/164

40

BALDYSS, ie the arches, shes its eaves in the

a. This a, yramia tree reers mist r wet sis.It thrives in stheastern swams, where cnica neesgrw rm the rts These may ai in rviing airr sbmerge prts he eaves are attene, st, ightgreen, an eathey, resembing Hemc. The rit is asma, ar, ne cne. he rabe w, very re

sistant t rtting, s rize sts, ats nrsery pants,ties, an cnstrctin acyress

is nte as an rnamenta, bthhere an in Ere, wherever winters are miHegh 8 . Pne amy


43/164

4 1

BCM, Sg ppig an p avais nams by wc tis ans m-sz

t s w s c ag s ass an ws f sva stastn spcs of p twgw swaps as ag fit f wcpss a a acg as (2 t ga st an siy tnng bi iant n fa a ft is atn by bs an sa aas A

caacistc fat f acg st st zta twgs a bancs. Swtgm p. 1 1 3) is not a at, spt is na.Hegh 50 5 Dgw m

-


44/164

PRSONS a cmm i am rgios,

a 200 spcs a k a fu i urcu f s is c o Txas Cmsmm, a sr aac of oasi, g a , is spcia pifu i uI fa gss g as cm g i, a sm s a a i u ag fuis

a a fma s ar o spaa s, s o ar ar fui as

ig fui, i af fros, isppuar i opssums, raccos,a fxsHegh 40 60 Eb


45/164

DOGWOODS Tr ar 1 7 Arn p o Dowoo, rann fro ny norrn Bnbry o Pac Dowoo, w ay ow a a .

Or sps ar rbby or a l l Oppolypa, sl lav w v, alo para l vnsa r l ark for Dowoo o lowownFowrn Dowoo b kno, bo n wl anlva os; lar nl pnkow va. owr" a rop o nlar bra arona clserof sal l r owrs. r r ar a aav a owrs, an rv a oo or a wllT ns, comac, nranwoo o Flown Dowoo nqa l or akn of lfor wavn (Pa on p. 44)Height 10 to 80 ft. Dogwood family

CATALPA (lae on 4) as bcom ncreasngy common an btr known as as bn pland mor anor ots of its ornal rang I s a ansome ornamnal omtme us n rt plann wo specso

Caa lpa row n e Un Sas, b he fa ly to chy blon s pronn n rop an n s so tr, srubs, an vn lar, arsaplavs, spo w owr, an banlk s poararz Caalpa bak s rbrown an calyLavs row opo or n rs Caalpa s as-growng Is woo coars b rabl, n valuabl for

43

ns, po,pols, an s la r u.Ap av bn a, w oescs, o row a a woo opeit: 20 to 50 t B ignonia aily

-

O

ri

g

i

range


46/164

OW OWOO x on p


47/164

TP x onp


48/164

4

B c s l a la i a ga

l l always b cal l w l g w s f cmmcial val, bt s sall s a faviatals, s c y blg vyyg y a hay a clfl I arly sg is a ass f lav al g, ba-l ps at fll t s c ppl la s , asap lavs g yl l

fall ba is s yg s, f lrs b gws al sasa is lat saHgh 0 30 Legume m


49/164

SE-E ike is ned wide

sde is riin rne I ws sed s ne e rs"iin enes o bund riie rms Indins ried e wd r bws nd wr bs; we use i imied exen r pss nd ies Oserne is reie e erries ( 1 1 4- 1 1 5) nd e i I is esiidenied b is sin ees rn wis bri rneinner brk e unus wrinked rneike rui 4

47

5 in n dimeer s irs dr bu e inside is dr nd u -

wi mik je. I grows rom

b o sm green wers Originaleih 1 5 50 f Muberry fmy rang


50/164

4

MAGNOLIAS(ext on

p.50-51)


51/164

4

MANIAS x on pp 50 5 1 )


52/164

5

UMBRELLA MAGNOLIA is so caed because larg ( 1 2 t 20 i n ) t rigt geen eve urun cwe l ke n ue . Te c ct tee efeng c, moist so s, deve lops a ounde, i egua r cow n . Banches e thick, tigs t shap n es. Bak s g ay,

th n, becomingarty. F lowrs (4 to8 n . cr) cremy wte kea ge Magno s sme s hty un-ent. Frut redden n r enng .(Plate on p. 48 .)

Height: 20 to 30 ft. Mgnola famly

SWTAY g fte nt ng the AtlntcCtl Pn thn the gn n the Nt teeee e ulke ut n uthen they ee g 75 ft h eety ften lnte nnentl n Euen gden he er f

gn hte nd fnt ee e l t

t 6 n ng gh t geen eey te e hey tehe net n n the ut ee e l e n te Nt Bk i yth nd thn lte n 4)

'e: 0 o 0 f. Manoa my

CCUMBER MAGNOLI s one of the arges an

hadest of te s x speceso f ou nteMgno l I t has

l ht bown, sc ly bk, becoming th ick and furowed

on oder tees The lees6 to 10 in ong, t n , gt

geen, ha yeowtypfytheCucmbeMagno a Buds

ae lage, s lky, ponted; owes geen s ye l ow, nat-tctve Fu t, lke c c ube

when immature, sw l nd open to

evea ed seeds. (Pte on p. 49.)

Height: 50 to 80 ft. a g n o l iaamly


53/164

5S LIor s Mnoli"is nm ivn o is vry nsom r, now s xnsivly s n ornmnl. is lr Mnoli wii brns n wis, prfrs ri mois sol ofswmps n rivr bns, o i is pb nrlivion Is in n, aga gaa siso f i brs lr owrs 6 o in rosss wi, wxli owrs wi sro, y fr-rn, r mor riv

f

by bi s o by r r

rn, lry lvs 6 o in lorsy-brown blow o p Hegh 30 60 . Mg m

LIVD LIS r naiv Manolis,wily se as ornamnls n or sr lanin in Soh, ar no hary nog or plnin in Nor.

Mnolis ommonly sn in norhrn rns ar horiclrl vriis rom Cina n Jpn, lly ormy crossin a ry vriy wi sowy on Evn rycliv Mnolis n snny, pro pls in Norh. hy slly bloom bor ir lvs om o;r niv Mnolis bloom fr. ir owrs r s

lly lrg, some p o 10 in ross; wi, rm orin wi pink or lvnr. Anohr l-ozn or morimor kins wily rown in Soh, r nrpcis wich ne sm wrm clim s or naiv Magnolis Somlie niv specis, bloom ar

lvs ppear. wo hve whie owrswih a oh o r nr. Somgrow lrg; mos r sml rs orsrbs.

Culived Mqli


54/164

5

MDON n ttte lnhngetern tree n n le f Pi t rnge

t lgrng lngled tree. he lethery eergeen lee t 5 n lng hn y e n le e lke dene l ge. he kred th eel ng n th n heet fr l der tee F le n h ie l uterge y t ngeed erie hh re eten ygen nd ther ird. The rnih, tt le d,

hh nd hek dly n dyng l tt le ueexet n hrlng. P dne n lude thee eie nd

t f thee eie are rreeht 2 to t. eth amy


55/164

5

II- B, usuly fun n nesn cnyn s cn eegeen tee f s sls

he n shn lethey ee t 6 n lng enn the tee t ye e Wen cuse teyel l ke ch e tnk ften es ts sehe k h g yn ec ng sc y n etee he e ke fut ye hen e s nege eed ee e ten he n cyns n

sut f ene thcket heted neged ed cek d f decteeecHe 2 o ue y


56/164

5

BLAK WILLW is fn aln many sams in th

eastern hal the conty Its ia spainbanches, lar siz, an a tn ma i asy trcniz Th thin, naw as n ha siplsl i tiny hart-shap clas a hi bas y ar hny wil lw las nifmy n n b sis Thws a in ls cains lss y han ssy i lwsMal an fma ws bn n spaa ts fm

t

\

smal haiy ss Th sft, nain w is s t mae aicial l imbs als f bxs caninan baskts.Hegh 3 6 Ww my


57/164

PN LLO ne f hn ln ndcd n nd he de nd le th cnty h th Wl f h Ble he ne the y the e f Byln dely cltedhee l t eeclly n cte t lent ke nd e Ween Wl n ld n ee he ln l endent t e chctec

he nly ncehed lee t the the W l e t 6 n ng he ne eed eceed th he h he k yh n nded ke he Wll t ely n f tecng eht 2 ft Ww famy

55


58/164

5

dbrWilow

H WILLWS Aut 100 ins f Wl ls grin ts cunty. any a sal an shruy. Cac Wll ntuc fr Eu, gs lag. gs sna fal l , a n ta t f th s s ist. an a r Wl l,sts larg r otn fs rvsd thcts.

Nt ts vy na leaves. Peachl Wl l s cn n ras alng atrcurss Pussy Wlis a favte n arc an A l ,wn ning us a a ngng ssn. t s cult vtd frth r arkt


59/164

AIA L e knn ecue t ne f tecncuu tee f eten d eld nd tntee the e und n ue nd nhn c Wdey ned h E ke n ece enhde nd teet ee N t enced by nec etnd the Duch l dee he ehed f ndedng en bnche ke ecn E ey tdenty t dtnce Nte the uneen e nd the

dube eeth n he ef nd he

!

th tg he d ued f - funtue cntne nd u l tcle

\ . , Heih o f Em fmiy

\


60/164

5

WI I e th eten tee,

hugh lr nges frthr nrh nd wes WingedE r Wh hs ees ( t in ng) nd fruith ry ugrwth r wing n the twgs gie i itsn Th br f Siery E is rwn nd deeyfurrwed The inner f Siey E twigs ws f rl y h fr rl if f h iens h w igs rhiry bu n ry The frui is rge nd tened

liry w is sir f Aerin E Crse hd, ndhey, it es fenetHeht 0 0 e; 0 t 0 Se. m m


61/164

D ED EMS e iy tig Rck Elen e cky in l ke te Wine l Rckl h le i n enel he ntn Winge El e lee e lge 6 in lngCe El i t i et in te lietne il l ee tick k geen lee re lle tn te ny e ntie l (t te e ie te cultite iein l) tig e en cky e is

5

l ig rn n ue i El,

unlike te we in lte uer . ..

r

:

.

e iry ee e ii t te ck l e

. 0

Heih o f !boh) m fmiy

-


62/164

HACKBERRY, s y rcg z bs ray, warty bark an by te wtces' roos o taned tws ased b a ns dsease. There re ehtspecs is coy n abt fy re wover. eaves are tinner tan tose f E m, more pnte,andn one Hackberryess tte. Te sa, arrits are eaten by wfe, ben a avorte o rbnsa mockingbs. e wcrs sf a raer

wkis se ccasiay fr rnr n fncng g Hcbry s prma y a e seltr bel tree.Heih: o 8 f. Em famiy


63/164

SVBY or Shabsh s common over most ofth cony. Of some 20 eces, most are western anhrbby. Ony a few are trees Servceberre are fonn woos, ed borers, an roases. They o we noor so. The frut, renn eary, fvore ood oover 6 eces of Amercan wfe, ncun anysonbrs. Deer browse on the tw. Servceberry s

ente by t ney sawtoothe, aternate eaves;rayhbrown, smooth bark; an, nrn, by t c ters of whte, onete oer, oen er efore the eave are ot.Heh 5 5 Re amly

61


64/164

MR OBM s knn s s he BueBeech becuse f ts tncte sh buegy usceke bk A ee efe s s ng enks gun he ees e s t he HHnbes bu e se ke n e hnyhey un nge n e n he f he fus e cuses f nues n s ech set n theee bct

ngbs use he s f he gh bn s

ugh h n hey s usef hnes eges n heeeh s neee he tee sne s sts nentHeih : 2 to 0 f. Birh fmiy


65/164

BAM r Irw is r AmriHrbm d s sm wys H rbm siy ul r, rfrrig , wlaiws grws r d srgr ArcHrbm, is sic w s scy, brw brT rers t t le frus, w g cc clusrs Ec s s sml bg frm

fr brc T ug w s us fr ls, ls, e Asmaller, wsr sis is uu- suly rr r, fu y i Ar lcly !eigh: 20 0 Birh amiy

t'


66/164

I LLY is the best known o a ro obo 5 naive Hoie, mo o whch are hrby.American Hoy, a an o moist soi an river boomreache i best rowth in the otheast. It i wieyante where oi an cimate are tabe Reconizethi Hoy by its heavy, siny, everreen eave an itmooh ray ark. Mae an emae ower are borneon earte trees, an e rt re rt ony on the

emae tree. n winter an earyrin they are a avorite oo oonbirs, ch a the ueir, catbr an mocknir.ht to t oy y


67/164

6

AIA B s a stat an baf na spcs s st n w n. Cppr ch an pngch ar Eran ats whch a ftn lant asamntas in as ch prfs rch btman pan s ls It tas sa an gaay mnash fst gwth Its stnct smth gray ba ngpnt bs an sng vn las a caacr

sc Th ft a tangla n s atn by mammals anbs Th ws cs

-

\gan an has s f f wnwa balmagan n

Hegh 6 8 . eeh m

- r


68/164

66

WILD HERRIS Aout 1 secies of Wil Cherynging from shus to lge tees, e found in thiscounty Al efe moist sols on sloes n ottomlnsrger Cheries e vle fo thei ne woo; l l funish


69/164

Wild Plum f.

rus whch r n dy y wd scy bysong nd gm rds rs nd ny s mmmsur cult td Chrrs co r Euro; th F owrngChrrs r om As Pl ums c os rs

7


70/164

8

Chk Chrry Wild Blck Chrry

CHOKE CHRRY is a shru or sma l l tree ( 10 to 20 t.high) o irregular orm. It is widely distributed through-out tsange, formng thckts n dr, upland so l . ChokCherry isa common constituentofhedgerows. Onyoungtrees the bark s smooth, gray, and spotted wth arrowlenticels, lke that o other Chrres. The leaves o Choke

Cherryare shortrandmor o nddtan thoseofBlakChery and come to an abrupt point. The fruits, in tight lusters, are dark red, astringnt, and unpa latalewhenripe Birds eat them nverthe lss (Plate on p 66.)

LD BLK Y te rt br o thro, ron 40 t 80 ft hh nd occon hhert ht y trke Th tree rd th e nddo droon rnch r thn, h enderron u h ooth, bronh rk on oun treeeoe racked nto rouh te the tre tureee r thk, nrro, tern, n hn ren Cord to othr Chrr, th tr b oo t ( n a te My

or June t uter of hte oer e tofrut, hch bcoe trt nd k th te they ren Sonrd don t the hn for on Cherryood ued fo unture ndntork (Pte on 66


71/164

6

PN CHY or Brd Cherr eer ree eEt d North. r ree o h de in the ountn nd o ed orde. Cherry rr ro ore h 3 t. hh h ohrut ron rk rkd h r ente. The ron ud d o uter o h e h i n . Th eve

re een ore nrro thn Wid Bk Cherr. Th ero a on oint and re ne toothd. Th tree oed Red Cherr ine the ru ee dre red he re. (e o . . )

W PUMS oe ee o he re hru. One eoe ree o . h h

hort thorn r nche n d t. Wd u or thketthrouhou th idet. Er etter ounted o he ru rt o ther er u o reerve. eve o Wdu re ore rouded d oreroed h hoeo Cherre. Te rut rer ro ed o uter n d orne or red he re. ouh the rutre ore tttve o u th re o ee die re the Wd Cherrie.Hoever an ird n ae u hke ervore retre. oe e e uoo. (e o .)


72/164

BIRCHES (text on pp 7274)


73/164

BRCHES (tex pp 7274)


74/164

PAP B or Coe Brh he Whe Brh eNorhe tree ued d o ke her rhkcnoe. rk o ued o ke ke he

nd tr. Per Brh ree o oe ood d rvernk oo d e ko throuhout he ortt ro (occo .)th rouded to d uerou re horo rche. T rethn nd droo h. The ooh

ckhte rk oed th hor zonta opeigs ( eties) l becomescy t e. The ee re ov2 to 4 in . ong, coarsey oohed,rker ove. (Pte o . )ht 5 to t Brh y

AY H ote ed Whte rh u h ecoue he tree th ever other. Th orhr tree ote ron uter or hke. ever

ttn the ture o ether ourPer rc or te Euroen te

rch hch t reee te coor o t rk. he thrk oeth ke tht o Perrc the trnur ee re tncty erent. ke Brhe er rut n rro cone h ed eed oerre k. oodhev oerne nd redro coor-isusedforsools, lothespins, anoo (Pte on . 7.)

ht to t Br y


75/164

YOW BH ike Per Birch i nothern or ontin tree ith brk tht eenty ee into thin, cry,ieryyeo tri. It i one of th lrger Brche, gro

ing occaionay 100 ft. high, it ronded to ntyic drooing tig. ee re nerly o, doble

toothed, 3 to 4 in. on, er eo,ith intergreen odor. YeoBirch refer ric oen ood, erined oi . The ood of Ye lo

nd iir Birhe ood orrnitre, wood-

enware boxes, -

better lyoo.(Pte on . 7 )Hht 5 to 5 t

Brch y

RV BH, or BH, i the ony Birch coonin the Soth. t gro 50 to 80 ft. t l , it ort, hn ingbrnche n d hin tig. I t refer moit, m y oi ndrier bnk. The e, to 3 in.,dobetoothd in Yeo Birch,

are more irregar, an more deey indented, trning dl ye o intn. loer re tkin, 2 to 3n. ong, oening before the ee.The rk, r, reddhron,crl into tin heet on yong tres

nd brek into hlo te onoler trnk. Te frit, n ert coneimilar to tat of Yello rc, ioeh ore onted. (Pt on

. )Hht 5 to 8 t Brch y


76/164

74

WIT IRC is ven r cn n n rtrn Eurptan ur Can Brc is re. During t ary art ft ntury t was iprtd nt s untry as an rna

nta an is stl l wdly ud fr an a r panting. Wit Bir a spradng, srt-lvd tre wthdrping brans, swa iGray Brc bu wt bar tc, lssst. Fr i Euran abwls, spns, ss, and broo

(fr twgs). Ang rticulturalvatis, n a pndu lus, wi l lwl brancs; anter, lavs dpcu and dvd. (Plat n p. )

Height: 50 to 75 ft. Brch family

SWEE BICH, r ack r Cey c g up ft . g Gacefu and yeca t pefe c

edaned upand e aac tg ae taty ce eap ch eay a cn p ng as nce ued t ae

bc bee. e eaes 2 t 6 n.lng, ae e reguar, re ne lytted an n Ye r Rver BrchT dark, backsh bark, c ge tr ne f ts cn nae,baks nt a quae pae It

nt papey ke te nate ceT n wd s przed fr funtueand cabnetk. Once used t imate agany, t s n alued fitsf. (Plat n p 1 )

Height: 40 to 60 ft Birch family


77/164

LDS e oe e o e Be, w owe, fu, nd eed T bk ked w hoon ene n Be A d, owee, oyhub O bou nne ee h ouny, ony twoeoe ood-zed e e d nd e Ade ofte P Co Te o-d, ene eea fo o b d y

on f n Fow een o yeowkn Te f e , woodyone Ade e fown ndf o o on e on wHeht to 8 t rch m


78/164

SWDis n in trsting tr rt to t PiMron 52) n lt sring t rows of it, ll

s owrs to its buty siml, ltrntl vs r si ny rk grn, tu rn ing ri sr lt wit thoming o ol wthr Bus of its ttrtiv ppr n, Sourwoo is somtims us s n ornmntl,spi l ly in t Sout h nm rfrs to t s ou r ts

of t wigs wi r w by woosmn s tirstqunhr br is ris gry,smoot t rst oming sly witg fruit is smll iry sul wit mny ssHegh 15 4 . Heh m


79/164

BKS ar wily isribu On y a w o h 0 to 5 Amrican scis ar rik. A ha elas growing alrnaly on h wigs. n som thlas ha smooh gs in ohs hy ar nlyooh. h rui similar o ha o i Chry i ror back whn r. is atn by songbirs in h san Souh. oockr ar on o h ruits; o ar

catbrs an ockingbirs. Buckhorns are too a toha tibr alu. Som ar us ornen. Th bark o a strn c roucs cascar aaative drug.ht 15 to 25 t Bckthrn y,


80/164

QUAKNG ASPN one o he e Po ndone of he bet known he e lente ot oundleve on thn ttened t k t n he f ntet beezegvng the ee ne he bk on young tee e geenh whte becong dke nd oughe whge wg e hck; bud xy nd cy. QukngAen q uckgowng ul nd te o ndy o oky

ol nd buntove lnd look t b gn thdk cone n he Rocke known lo eblng o Aecn en he o whe wood ued or ul excelo tcheHeight: 20 to 0 ft. Wiow family


81/164

BGOOH ASN gtt Asn s n fth lg, undd tt n th gins f its tsls t is n tstn t, sii l i n f n g wtt Qukng Asn, ut wit i twigs n lg,cs l s As n t P ls, t w is ng ctkn wc ns f t lvs ut Tctkn ls int clust f fuits wt sll, y

sds tt sly istut y t wn All Pls quicgwing n uc

qick cv in unt s - sft lgt w is usd f ul,xs, xclsi, n tcseigh 0 60 f W iw fami _


82/164

DS r oo id ditriutd or hih r rtd ot i thir tive oeriri hr th foo th atrour Th reatd for hd r rhr' ho o trtd dk Cottoood ar r tre ith rk hih o d furrod o odr trh tig r hv; th uds arg oit d uh ood i ud for r nd ox a u

Aout o i our i thioutr o ith arro ioike v ut ot ith viir to ho i utrtedHeight: 60 o 1 00 ft. Wllow famly


83/164

M BSSD or ndn, hndo hd

tr, rd broy whn c r ra rc occur Gyh-brown tw br u runddnr bud h r, hrthd ny rey to dntify Bwood brk drk nd dy furrowd &ron ndn, wth thir lr ndore coct crown r ud n rt nn h

od o ur c ht nd nrnd, ud noodnwre, cbntork nd for toys. The fowrs, which yild an - excnt hony rfu th r on

h :i anr Jun tBsw

Heht 60 to 00 t Lnden y

8 1


84/164

ieas

Baas

Beeh

Spig

Ce

COO O H

Summer Fall Wi er

TH AKS nk wth the words most iportnt treesVeneated by ancent peoples, they are t l l ymbols of

teng Tee members of the Beec fly are reltedo he once-como Chstnut Th ortnt foest treew most comletely estroyed by rpnt fungusdisese only few sctteed sucer growths emanTanbk-ok esembles oth Ok nd hestnut; it berscons Oaks ke up one of the l gest grou ps of ntve

trees n the Unied Sttes t lest 50, pehp 75, specesoccur in ths county, n ly in the Est They are our mostimotant hardwood ter for lumber, fuel, brels, iload ties, and othe uses Al l Oas hve te dst inctivefruie acon All ve lteate sle eve, omeentie and others toothed o lobed erly al Oks cn


85/164

Tanbark-ak

F O K OK

Sprn Summer

as

all Wer

Ars R Sas

Sa

be pu n he Whte Ok o te Blck Ok goup. TheWhte Oks pp. 895) ue he cons n s ngle

ye; the leve hve onded lobe nd uul y lkeeth; the bk s genel ly ple. The Blck Oks (p96 1 07 ke wo yes to ue con le ves veshpe lobe nd bst leponted teeth; the bk is uu l ly d k. Soe Oks e hd to dentfy; ue leves teefo, bk bud nd cons s gde Oks e potn souces of food f ny kndsof wi ldl fe nd in yes wen hes cop (con f ls the dee,quies n ccoons y hveouble ndi ng enoug h o e.


86/164

84WHITE OAK GROUP - LEAVES

WHIE OAK

5" to 7"

BUR OAK

5" o 7"

POST OA4" to 6"

OVERCUP OAK5" to 7"

CESTNU O6 to 8

/

CHNAPIN OA4 to 6

SWAMP WHIE OAK5" to 7"

GAMBEL OA3 to 5

LIVE OA3 to 4

CALIFORN A

LIVE OAK

211 to 3


87/164

HITE OAK3/ to 1

ACORNS

O OAK. to 1 "

OVECUP OAK' to 1

CHNKAPIN OAK to l/4

CESTNUT OAK1 " to 2

LIVE OAK3/ " to

SMP WHIT OAK3/ to '

GAMBEL OAKlf" to l/4 "

CALIFORNIA

IVE OAK/ to 'i

85


88/164

8

I AK the et knwn Ok of . oon

throuhut New nnd, t beut ttrted the tenton of ery oon t n oen e hte Ok deeo brod, yetr rown nd jet erne Theht ry, y rk hrtert o re the ee,wh e t nne rundd b un en n ee renkh or red, re the e n uun hte Ok

refer rh but rw wy The re, ntedrn n how u were etnby ndn t n uttndn uber tree, ued fr furnture, bo,nd brreHeght 6 t t Beeh y


89/164

OS AK is s l lr thn Wh t Ok ut in on r

th oth dvo t odd or ot 'sk is grysh, wth rod, ly r dgs he olonglves, clustd t nds of twigs, r thickr, hirybneth, n d o r l thry th n n Wht Ok Thy hvhre to svn rod los, th ddl ons ng hrgt Th f is wdgshd t its se Ocson

l ly tees wth thrlod lvs r found Th corn

8

re sim l r to Wh ite Ok, ut sml lc

er he wood i ud for rough consuction, or lrod tes, nd, sit ne indte, o ostsegt 40 t 60 t Beec amiy


90/164

B K tohv f, rod tord th t

d brt rrod tord th tr. Th detto o siu oti t o to th dr. The oro r ho, d th trn f edhd. Th , hir, d of t r orv h Ok t . Th u over ot h th ut.Th d frrod rk rhro. Bur Ok rgd tr th thk rd rnch d rre

lr, ro crw. fr scl , b lr o, ry i li lds ng rdss, d v h iris.Heght 5 o 8 t e family


91/164

V K coar o Oak a a narowr

af, wc s or ary bna Fal colors ay froylow o r -sz acorns ar as ny ncos by c. y ar a lr an acorn o ur Oak an ack ragg frng Orcs a -z o ag Oak, wc rrc obooan an w so l og wy s b n

Soas, s no ry coon bark k rOak b arkr woo .

da k

bown, ar, ay, clos-gn,

--

an rabs us an ofn a- t

k as Oak

eg 50 70 Beec y

89


92/164

STN AK is mainly a ounan ee of e Ap

palachians gows up to 100 . hgh wth an ieguacown. Chesnu Oak thves n dy, ocky soil, ofe onh l ls de and avnes s drk rown ak, unt i l ecent lyhavesed as a souce of tanrk o nnng lethe, isvey deeply fuowed. e ree's name efers o is C estn ul ke leaf Bu the leaf is boade and ha ounded eeth,

while hat of Chesnut is moe poned and as sap-

poed eeh. Acons f hesnu - Oak ofen pou i the fal l , oo

afte dopping. he wood i had,og, and close-gainedeg 60 80 Bec l


93/164

HIKAI AK s lef somew resemling

t of Chestnu t Ok , tho uh i is s l igh l iregu l r, morenrow nd more poined. I is ir bene. CinkpinOk p refers r ice soi l t h n Ch estnut Ok nd ows over muc wider rnge. It exends, in isoled snds, as frwes s ew Mexico he br is l i ke h of Wite Okr nd scl e corns re smal ler Y in tn i n n

closel rele Ok. Te re rounded nd ou lfenclosed y ir cu p. T e wod, ikett of oter Wie Oks, is usedin consrucion and for lumer Tenme is Indin, mening lge"ght 30 t 8 t Bch am

9


94/164

9

SWAMP WH OA n rreu r, oeh hok ound n nd oher o re. The rk,houh r, h ore ron hn n Whe Ok, nd rded n d c , en on . The e ed re rher h dee oed, nd re hr eneh. SWhe Ok corn re ore r o k o . o. rher oh, n he e knd o o h,

e d he oe reed S Chenu or ke

Ok. Thee nd o oher ree n

-

e Whe Ok rou do no deeo

1

r uu oor. uer ro od Whe Ok.

- ight 60 80 ft. Bch fmily


95/164

LIV AK has become a symo of the South he ow,

speadng tee, often coveed wth Spansh Moss maksold pantatons and oadsde plantngs. he e pt ca,blunttpped, eathey leaves ae eveeenthat s theyeman geen and on th tee thoughout the yea. heacons ae smal but edble ood s used fo funtuewo othe southeasten Oaks (aue and Wlow haveeaves o somewhat s m a s hape but they ae thn ne an dmo e ponted than v e Oak. Seveawesten Oaks ae evegeen. otan

-

sts apply te unqua ed name ve

Oak only t o th s speces .ght 40 t 60 t Bch mly

9


96/164

ABL AK or Ut Wite Ok is ommo i te

Rokies, were it is a srub o sm l to m ium -size teikets of Gmbel Ok re ommo i ig, ry pes,were tey oer selter to ee n oter willife Tele esembes tt of Wite Ok but is ticker d irybeet Te scly brk is gryis brow Te cors resmall, wit te cup covering bout tir of e u

Oter wester Wite Oks iclude e Orego Wite

;

\ {

:;

Ok, wit rge rouded ors,d te Clifori Wite Ok, wiey og poite os i a salwupHegh . Beeh am


97/164

ALINIA LI AK or Cost ve Ok s n at

trctve everreen Ok fond n open roves nd s sde ree It s brod tree th lo, spred n cronreqent ly branchn ner th rond The Hol ly l keeve re evereen, toh, shny reen bove nhry belo They re ovl or oblon, th short spnyteeth The acorn s lon nd ponted, th a scly cp

(copre th Cnon ve Ok, p 107) le Ok or

n

n

te

de:,h i;h

1

sn=

-

t

everreen The ronded corn s n\)"

shl lo cegt 30 t 50 ft Beec fam


98/164

9 O GROUP V

BACK OAK6 to 8

NORTERN RED OAK5 to 7"

SOUTERN R OAK6 to 8

IN OAK5 to 7"

SCARET OAK4 o 6"

BACKJACK OAK4 o 6"

WATER OAK3 to 5

WILOW OAK3 to 5"

SINGE OAK4 to 6 "

CANYON VE OA2 to 3


99/164

B O to 3/

ACORNS

NORTHERN RED OAlf to /4

SOUTHERN RED Olf "

SCARET OAK

l " to 3/4

WATER OA/4 to 3/4 "

W ILOW OA14 to

PIN O/4 to f

BACJAC OAK3/4 "

S H IN G LE OAKlz to 3/4

CANYON LVE OAK1 to 2

97


100/164

BLK K is one o te most common easern Oaks It

sets the attern for Oaks wit siny eaes dark barkand acorns wic take two years to rn. Back Oakeaes are ariabe dar ad siny wit haiy einsose on the ower art of t tree are b roader and aeshaower obes tan the eaes higher on the trees eorange inner bark is an imortant identifying characteristic een toug you ae to gouge with a knife to see it

corn are medium-ied with abroady rounded downy nut abouta encosed in a dee cu ewood s coarse ard and eaygt 6 to 9 t c l


101/164

TH D AK is a widespread, common Oak

of open woods is one of the lres Oks, occson l y1 25 ft h h t s da rk bar k has conspicuous lon s moohplates beween he furrows The leaves tend o hanverical ly on he stalks, and he lobes end o be morerianuar han in oher species The leaves are smoothor only l ih ly hairy a lon the vens The mid le lobes arelares Acorns are large and rounded in a shal low cupRe Oak, wi is c losegrained (reddish-brown wood, is reared as the mos m poran t tmber ree of heBla ck Oaks is a lso a shade treeigt 60 t 90 t Bc amil ,.


102/164

S D AK oen cled nh Ok

There re to rnc rn: one h hreeoede the other th eve vn ve dee oeoe o the threebed eve re o trnurBoh knd hve ern, edehe e n reruty or hry enet T drk rk uro no nrrorde The corn re n. on nd rounded nho, c cu The ron core ood vule

or oorn, contructon nd ork n e othe th Ok oen ned or hde nd nornent treeHght: 70 to 80 ft. Bch faly


103/164

I AK a is nam fm many , in iwg a hzna wna-ingban. h ma iniain ay in in. af a n b wi n i ia gn b, ig an sm b. gaybwn ba main m f m im, gaybain g i n ay igs. P n Oa i aa mi i .

I i a ay , wiy in an amnap lan ng . P in Oa i wi y i - in E. An a ma

"-..

(ab Y in. ng), n, ia a w u.

.

eg to 8 t m


104/164

ALT AKs so c cus of th r l ntcolo of ts utun lvs t s coon roust tpr

ng opncrownd tr o forst n ros prfrrng y sny so ls h rk k s srongy ssur h to 6 n . long s sooh sh ny wh fw or n o h rsow sowht rslng n k. Howvr is rg thn tht of n k wh v to sn p osh snuss twn th r roly roun. h

corn ums s out hfcovr y dp cup. h rdshrown woo though cors nhvy is sots so s Rd kgh 70 80 . B ch amy


105/164

BLKK K a small ee gog el l

aie a o i l a asela Te leaes 3 o 7 i log a e ae a leahe a g ee aboe oeebelo boi ai a u ul l el lo o bo al l Tei boa oue ip allo lobe aho leaal ae haaei houg e shape of elea omea aiable Blackja o ae mall

abou al loe i a up. Te ba i bla ioug a boe io eal \ ua la T oo i o e - /?

l imi alu a i u mil o

ue l o aoal ht: to 3 t ch m -.


106/164

04

WA R OAK s coon sothern Ok; tee of rverbanks mrses nd ood ns t sometmes aneds sothern hde tree. Dst ts ne so growsn dryer woods th other Oks H ckores sh n d G.Lees re soeht s r to those of ckck Okbt s e (2 o 5 n. ong ) th n ner nrrower nd wtess r benet. hey e d bgeen ng

y ow n he f . h bak s dak gry mooth wen

v

youg te becomng broen inoreg r idges. he acorn m lnd body rounded a l htwo dstnct coo oneHight 50 t 80 t Bc il


107/164

SH L AK s a an dsom r w sln dr bransand a al l , pyramda l, roundd rown. rsm bls l l owOak bu as broadr, oarsr lavs avs 3 o 6 n .lon) ar dark grn abov, palr and ary ba,w wavy margns and a spny p. Ty lok as ysould b vrgrn, bu ar no. A w o auumnlvs urn du l brown and ang on wgs al l wnr.

T bark s dark brown, smoo, bmng dpl y rakd

1 05

w ag. T wood s ard a d

eavy

a smal, soma " Jatnd, and abo alf vrd

by a rddsbrown, saly up.g 5 6 Bc l


108/164

0

LL AK a mall eae ape ie e i, b ee e imiai en Te leae ae faic, b ln, ac eet, an ae a m ege Tey aren green a be, pale beneat T e aig tun annme ie brance ae caacteritic f ti OaTe meimize il lw Oa i iely plane an abecme a ppl a ae ee in e Sout It pefer ic,

Te acn, gng n al, a ma an ne, n al cp

Te i ei bwn, ima woo f ote Bac Oa bu ofmewa infe qualitHeght 50 to 90 eech m


109/164

AY LV AK s corns rpening n wo ersh somewh s mi r orni L v Ok (p 95) cornsripen in one Bo re ow, spredng rees, b e morerb e eves o non L Ok hve e owsh ubeneh Some ve corse eeh som re ner smoonon Liv Ok s sm ree (occson u p o 1 00 fa of hi s ides nd monin v es Sever srbb

forms ve ben descrbed Acorns r n sze n d form,

bu ave a ick, e ows, woo

u fona L O s ong

/'poed consl

g 40 50 Bc am :

"

.

'


110/164

0

SASSAFRAS cl led Geen Stc y the ndns becusef ts ght geen twgs s c n esten tee sh wth pecui, ttenshped theeed eves. Soe e ente few hve tw les t tn ch ngend ed in the tun Ch lden che the tic twigs.Ode pepe ecl the tes nd tnics de Sssfs ts ids nc ludng qu feed n the pupe

futs The wm bon b of de ees s deeply

_

_

fuwed Sssfs gws lngdsdes nd fencews nd npen elds, n we l dined, cids ls .Heht 2 t ft Laure famy


111/164

0

9

TULITREE (text on p 1 1 0


112/164

TULI PTREE or Ye l lowpoplr is tree of ncien l inege.

C losely elted to the pri tive Mgno l i (pp. 48-5 1) ,

the T l ptrees goback ove fty mi l l ionyeas. Fossi l leaves

hve been fond in rocks of Erope nd Green lnd . The

Tul iptree grows ta l l , its stra igh trunk free of branches

near the grond. A beautf l tree in aU seasons, it is

p anted as an ornamenta l bt not as a shade ree. The

pecu l iar sq arsh leaves, broad and notched, make iden-

t cat on easy hetree is naed fo hegeenish-yel low

t l p l ke owers, openi ng in My n d Jn e. Buds, c losedy two prselke scles, re uniqe. The rui is cone

\

of mny l l , wnged seeds. hebrk is thck, gryish, idged. Thecrey yel low wood, soft, esi lyworked, is used fo p lp n d m nu

fctured rtcles. (le on p. 0Heih 80 120 Mania famiy

HAWTHS o Hws e thon i the botn it idTheir idenicion nd clssiction e omplex. Somuthot ie et the numer o Aeicn speces 5othe t over 1 ,200 Whie pecies uch s Srlet Hp. 1 1 2) re dst nc enogh to be ecognied ithoumuch dculty, it i genel y sucient o idenify oneof hee tees s Hwhorn." Hwthons e mal tree o hbs, some wth irregl, thorny branches.The mooth, brownish bk breks into thin, ly pleswh ge. Hwtorn leves re siple, toothed, n d ome

ies lobed, ltentng on the twgs. he owe ewhie o pink, in clster. uit, likeminiture pple, e onge, yelow, o red, nd not luble owildl ife s ppence uggesHeh I 0 t 5 ft Rse aml


113/164

1 1 1

gish awh

Cckspur aw

HAWHRNS (txt on 0 n 2)


114/164

1 1 2

S W i f th mo mm a

i atativ wi i a iva a ama . Ti w i a ma wit may aith, inh o og. T af i toh, wit ma , b Flow aa May a vo ithaging t, t g an owy, boming infa . T bak i thi, ay, an ay. a l w i a

y il, f i fw, o ,

_

,

wo. a aw vi m fo a a of oy,ttiv l t f bi a wiifHeght !5 to t Rose m


115/164

SWTM, aso ald iquidamb, i o ad

as a ad bcaus o bi l l ian al l oloing i ioliag I is a all, saig o ow, mois a Iso, gay, oioal bas ba i wig wioy idg. T sa-sad avs a omwa ios o Mapl bu gow a la o wigs. a ging, dy ui, a bal ovd wi iy o, o o

as smal wingd ds, wi a a b bidsT ba is i, gay, nd scaly

h

a, bowis i . _ _ J(usd o uiu, abiwo, ad

vn.

Hegh 80 o 0 Wch Hze m


116/164

4

MULBS e o ee ees l osely elte to Hkey ( 0) n Oge-onge (p 47)he leve n gs yel ky ie We hve ntiven ote ees he eves o ll e ltenehehe o oe th ll ln eeh The Redey nve n oon thogho he Es gveely setes hoe o estlhng lk nty n hs

ony tee o roddes n otmlnds heleve n ntt o hose o Whte lbey e soeh hy eneh nd ogh he eyl ke ien e h e Re ey s soee pnte he tee Whte ey s soeh tee o A ogh o Chin


117/164

nd pn n n ort to strt n Arcn s lk ndustry.

ht rry hs sooth vs nd htsh or vnr rt hs nd th frut o Rd lrry r vors o son rds h ck u rry ro rs s sots cu ltvtd n th wrr prts o th s coun try t hsr drkcoord ruts pr-rry s n orintlspcs pntd s n ornntl n th South whr it

occsonl ly scps nd cos nturld Thvs r ry rogh_nd hry

(

o or ntr o 8 lon. n

hn nd pn ppr ws d.

o ts nnr rk.Mu

l

b

Heih: 30 o 0 f Muberry famiy

'

-"\


118/164

MALS, ex Oaks, ae e besknw badl eaedees. Males ae woldwide disibi i emeaelads. me 60 80 seces ae knw ab a qae m d i mica. me ae sbby


119/164

Rcy Muai Mle

bu mos a md iu m o la g s A av pa m s apd,sim pl, opposi avs, xcp Boxds ( p 1 38 T iypica l paid, wing d fuis a an by bids, b squ ils, and by o sma l anim a ls


120/164

1 1

WY L is he ree soeies isaken for

Sgar ale his ree of Euroean origin is coonlyaned along ciy srees becase of is resisance osoke ds and insec ess Whle he leaf is soewhasilar o h of Sar le i is broadersallywder hn s long Norw le is edusedfasrowing ree develoin roun ded crown nd dense

foliage he greenishyellow owers n drooing clusers and he winged seeds which develo fro he relarge for les Norwy le yields a i l y j ice whenfri or leaf se is broken Sgar e does no Onevre of Norwy ale hs rlish leveseigh 40 0 f Mape famiy


121/164

UGA AE ds o troducton vryo kows

of ts sugary sap, from whch map syrp ad mapesuga ar mad But, addit o, Sugar Maple s a sad ad oramtal tr used for strt ad ompatgs. T wood is xcl lnt for futu, cabtwok, ad wood tug ts eavs, wth straightsddobs, ar ot so wd or tck as tos of orway Ma pl

T tt ar la g a d fw umbr Lavs tur a c

1 1

yllow, orag, or scarlt fall .

I

Th gray bark forms pats wic

,

becom aky wth ag. T frutrps at summr.egh 7 o 1 00 Mape amy

,


122/164

BLAK ALi onideed by ome a pie diinfom Suga Mapl e Oe an i imp ly a a vaiey i

moe alow obe and even fee ee. Te ba imia o a of Suga Maple da gay, beaing inoi n pla e Bla Maple leave ae omea ma l le anSga Maple, big geen above, yeloi and aiybenea. Te ood i epued ade an Suga Maple.

Bo Bla and Suga Mpe ae apped i ea y ping

hen he ap o Abo 30 ga l - -" Ionsofhe aey,s iglyseesap

are boi led down to yie ld a ga lonof golden bown yup.

t

"

Height: 60to 1 00 ft.Maplefamily


123/164

D MAL l is up o is am i y saso I alspig, bfo las appa blu, d budsop, ad l uss of d ad oag ows a g fo m ddis wigs As las ufold, y oo addis, gadual ly u ig o g, pal uda,wi iagula lobs ad smal l Bu is ad lafsal i ddis i a l l s umm T ip

ig fui is d also Rd apl is a widspad fswamps, i bas, ad mois i l l

1

sl ops T sof, los-gaid ig

bow wod is usd f bos, o-

lis, a d woodwa Hht 60 to 0 t Mp y


124/164

I VE AE o Sof ap a ag p b

eaves ha ae pa geen abov and whiih bow, wihsoe hais aong he veins On fom has avs depycu and indened n fa hey ack bi ian coos ofRed and ugar apes uning du y ow nsead Thegayish bark is sooh, becoing fuowd ad scay wihage. Sive ape is a of iv ban an boom

ands grows apidy and is paned aong s fo

shade i as use as an ona-ena . The wh ie, sof wood is u edfo i wo, poos an sma aics.egh 80 00 Ml m


125/164

UNTIN PL lso clld wr Mple, is

sll shruy tree o estern ountins Lees, usul lythreelobed with sml l eeth, urn bri l l i n yl l ow a in l l he cluster o sll greenish owrs with nrrowetls forms an erect spikeunusul in aples Fruis, inhnging clusrs re red he brk is smooh, i, eewhen young, becoming eddishbrown with age . nohe

sll Mple o estern mountins is Siped Maple oroosewood s sooth greenishrk hs thin white stries; heees re lrge bro, n roued t the bseht t 0 ft. Map faml


126/164

DF s te l ges le of ny MpleTe lef itself is 8 o 12 in coss nd e peiole o efst k is 1 o 1 2 in on Te tick ef is ve lobe ndeeply cut dk geen boe n ple bene Theodlef Mple pefes bottolnd soi l bu gows infooi l nd low ountins ino nd nd Alskwee tee is enou wte e bk is bownis and

oug wi scaly idges Te wood is l ig bown siito of Sug Mple is v edin e Wes, wee dwoods eeaiey scace, fo enee, funiu d woonweHeh t Mpe m


127/164

KY TI L is also al l aMapl an igly so, o i is mo ypially a sub ana I soul no b onus i Mouai Maple( p 1 23, wi is also al l Da Mapl T lavs aqui vaiabl Som loo l i a oase R Mapl lasome av only e lobs and an almos saigt basOasional ly, laves a u so deply a y appa

o b ompound T vins ae yl low an pominnRoy Mouain Mapl is ound si is mois I psig a lius in sou pao is angHegh M'p/e m

1


128/164

A o Pn Ts butify sam bnks loug Eas n in som o t v l l ys o Soutwst T ntiv scies a cactiz by bkwic s o in l ge bown sts, ve li ng cco o fs bk bent n g iving t tun k n tciv mot a nc Of e nive scis Amicn Sycmo is bst known n mos com mo n T lvs

a a los asa, o v-lob, ick, igtgn bov l n iy blow T bs o tlfstlk is ollow, concing wine bu Fuits e yica butonls T ylowis to bowncosgin woo is use o uniu, bos, nwoonw


129/164

The Cl forn nd Aron Sycore are ore l iien rnge The C l forn ree very uc l i aernSycore bu he fru are no ingle, bu n a rnof h ree or four bl l The Arona Sycare i ii lar,wh lrger leaves nd longer lobe Along ciy reend in r, he Orenl nd ondon Plane ar fen

lned ornenl n for he Thes r owel n he unfvorble environen f cii T eof hese Sycore reebl hoof our weern pecie The leaeof the ondon Plne re le lobetn our co o n Syc oreg 60 00 Plan Tr ly


130/164

PAS AN D PATOS for group uite seprtero oher trees They re reted ore to L es, nans,boo, nd rsses thn to ordinry trees such sks and Mpes her eves hve pr e veins ndthe wood devops dereny In the tropics, this argend ncent group of pnts s very prtn Th Roy o entr Aeric, os eic of he Ps,occurs springy n Ford ere so we nd the abbgeor Sb Petto with ts cuser of rge, fnshpedeves opping thck bse stk, 2 to 3 ft high hisrechs its rgest se ong the Wes os, wer i iscoon ner the beches bbge Paeo s amefor h rge, edb bud or cbbg crowning th se .


131/164

Washg a 12

Our niv wsrn Plm, singon Plm, is vryrsricd in is n ur l r ng, bu s bn wdly plndr nd brod. I is our lrgs niv spcis. Ti is Plm of dsr, nd grows in cnyon nd nrwrols. T fnspd lvs, o 5 f. cross, rusul ly spl i nd fryd by h wind. sml l wiowr dvl op ino rou nd bc fruis wh c wr usd sfood by dsr I ndi ns. wsrn Yu cc or Josu Tri mmbr of i ly fmi ly nd isrlad o t P lms.Heght t 3 t (Cbbge Pmett;4 t 6 (Wshngtn PPm m

-. :

gtl Cabbage al o


132/164

K nd heir eie onitute n iorngrou o nuerin ree. Soe hve een nurliednd uid to rodue iorn ro id reeof oen foret ikorie re heir e: rge ehed ee ith tigh runk nd he i ik


133/164

oi h trnt, comond, rgrnt Th rr o t, rom th ti o th , i y gtHicory wood i rid or otdoor ookng ndmoig mt It i d or too hnd nd rticwhich c or togh, ight wood.


134/164

32

G Is gry br w lo, oossc lsv sgg ir d oos s o ym o.

T lvs r lr d coou d, wi v or svrr rod, ood ls. T sou wigs b gbrow bus. T us v c uss, bu sll isti d m is dibl d sw. Ts ory us occsio l ly s i sos. gr icory

prrs c, mois soi d s o ou

7

o woos. I srig ogo ioy buds, wi i ly gd bd sls, is sig orsiHght: 6 t 8 t Wnut m


135/164

13

KERNUT i inee ockery: e n h tickk n l i le or no e inie te evy, r el l e brk o f i p l n ree i gy, t ick, an frrowehe rge beween te frow re ypicl ly ronehe l (even or nine o lef) re narrowr anoe of S gb rk e rei brown wig an e pl erb re hiry p oin ht e lp in wner encion

ocker larg, ovl b wi overlpping cle owr, a in oer Hicorie, ia grni cakin og, arkbrown, la ic woo i i l ar o tof SagbarkHeght 4 t 6 t Wut m

-

-

b.


136/164

BI is omtims c d wm ickory cuso ts rrc or wt sois Th brk is gryish row,scy, wih sh ow urrows. Twigs r y owish row ddotd rit, sufuryow bus o ittrut r sur ms o idticto Not th s to i tsto ch rro, oitd, d y toothd, ightgr bo, th Th ut s sm , h sh d,d i oitd husk Prhs cus o ts ry bittr

?

- -

ut, o d ims orsds o Bitrut to grow, gii thtr bttr chc to suri Aty rt, th tr is commoHeght 60 0 ft. Wanut fay


137/164

EA is a ativ south Hioy whih has btasfomd o a imoat, ultivatd o . I isalo lad as a oamtal. Th log, oi us,dvlod i w thi -sh l ld vaiis, a sal l uxuyfoo Thy g ow i a thi, s l ig htly wigd h us. Pa asa gay-bo, dly uowd ba Twigs a somwhahaiy, h bud yl lowish Th laf is log ad dt,

with o 7 ao, ly oohd, l ighly uv laf-

lts Pa is a lagh lag ,

st of th Hikois Is wood is mo

-

.

:

. ,

bitt l ad has lss uss tha oth Ongma lrange

vy simi la is.Height: 80 to 1 00 t. Walnut family


138/164

K WT s a priz arwo T brow,grai woo is us or guss, urur, acabis Blak Walu is a r o ri, op woos aroasids an as o b us as a sa r. Tlarg, ragra lavs av 1 5 or mor las, a ly ood a ig in a log po. Thy ar smoabov, airy blow. T rou u grws i a i r

us, rom wi h piors ma a brow y. I has , a ar, irrgua, har sll at is

-

hard to rack but t swet, dibl,

'

vry isily aor r maks il Heg 0 100 f Wanu fa


139/164

BUTTERNUTor WhiteWa l nut is a preading tree, sma l l -er tan B lack a lnut, with l ight g ray bark that breaks

it ga at idg It s a t f stam ban,adid, an pn wd, fing ih, wdaindi Th af simila t that Bla Wanut, has fw7 t 7) an ighty ba, m airy lats Thb nut, n a g nish, gummy hu , is lng and pintdOth pis f Walnut a utivatd in the Wsth Eng i s Psian anut ati -

th M1 l East) IS gr m\

-

f

i

a t pu th thi-sh '

l\

mmia Wa utHegh 3 o 5 Wnu m


140/164

XD is an excepional Maple, e only oe i

compound leaves s leaves gro oposiely n icgreen gs, ree o ve large, oarsely oedleaes Te graysbron bar is in, cracing inonerlacng ssures The ruis, ypical pared eys oaple g ro in droopng c l users Boxelde r is idespreadroug e Cenral Saes along sreams, roads and

elds gros rdly and as been used as a saderee in praie ons oug i isno nearly so aracive as oeMaples s aso used in selebelangsHeg 40 60 Mpe m/


141/164

9

A I LATHS o Tee of Heven is nive of Chin

bough o his counry s food for si lkworms. I hspred pidly growing minly in moi locions Ihives in ciy bckyd nd los nd seem invincibleg ins mo ke di nd inec. Ai l nhus is sh o l ivedweed" ee which my em por i ly cowd ou more desirble species. The long compound fernl i e leves hve

fom 15 o lees ech lnceshped wih moohedges A he bse of ech lee i smll ooh wih wol len cen gland . The i l l - mel l ing mal oe adthe sml fema l e ower e bone on seprte trees. The

moot, striped, gay-bown bark crack with age.

Hegh 50 t 80 Qu


142/164

140

SMS ar a group of thck pthy-twggd shrubs an dsa l l trs Evn th argst rary grow o a 20 fth gh ; ost ar sa l lr y grow n opn d s an d roadsds sprad ng rapdly n ost wl ldrand so s o forthckts Stagor n Suc, th ost coon s rogn dby th hay twgs and lavs whch a alo wt

ba avs tn d th fa . mot mac sslar but, as ts na ndcats acks a twgs

s

g

m

n h lvs ar gnra l y ik thos - of Staghorn Sumac, tough lats

may b a most ntir or dply cut

snc

on th argns

. Sumac


143/164

Dw umc Poison sumc

wa Smac is nt mc small tan t scis.ts lavs a istinctl ient, wit g nti aneaets a igt, siny grn. e lastal twn tlaets is winge . F its, w n ri, rm ai rl cmact clsts. isnsmac is a swamling, attractivcis. eat ar sin gren, wit nti gs tningr l l iant range an r in al l . nt ann wic tm e ae m isns t t tc tanisn iv. yllwi

.s: t br

es m ls clstrs a m nt

- . . . catin ri ng wnter DwarfS mo t to 3 Cshw my

(bu)Pu


144/164

ASES a o basba wha aps ar to bowi . Batsad ohr spori oods ar mad rom hi ouh , aid, asic wood, whic has ohr uss oo. O abou20 spcis o aiv Ash, mos a as rs. Ahav opposit, compoud avs, catii owrs, awigd ss i ropig cusrs


145/164

IT E is the most com mon nd bestnown esternAsh t is orest tree o rich moist soils oen ound withOks Hickories nd Mples White Ash gows ll with brod rown The br is g r with interl c ing ssuresn d ridges eves n d twigs re opposite he com poun dleves usul l y hve seven ov l leets dr green bovepler nd si lvery beneth ech with ew irregu l r bl u nt

teeth They turn yel low or purplish in utumn Fruits re

43

single keys with long nrrow

pwing. They form in spring a n d ha n g -

in drooping clusers ti l l they drop

o in lte l l h 6 9 Ov m - ._ _


146/164

LK SH is a northen tree common in swamps and

in mois so il s I s dar gren leaes lo o bl ac in he orsshade The bar is dar gray wih shallow interlocingcracs Te wis re smooh ray wi l ig t lenicels anddar bds The 7 to 1 1 lees are ney ood airyalong e large eins and withou a sal The winedruis o Blac Ash hae a conspicos noch a h base

So do is o te anglarwiggd Bue Ash o th Cen

ral States T late hower are

'

.

shorer and wider than Blac Ash.

ris Th wood o B lac Ash is- heay brown an d togh

y

Hegh 5 8 t Ove m


147/164

RED ASH s a s al l , s preadng tree wth typal Ash bar kand branhng. The eaf s ke that of Whte As but ssoetes ary along the leaf ste. Th u s arower han ote ases I n te Eas a aety , oas Gren As, dented by sooh wgs and shoots.Typa l Rd Ash wgs a elvty Farther ws, s wforsthe Gre a Redsee o merge. ed s s

stes pland as a sad o shelbel re, speal ly wes o h Msssspp Th

wod, g b o ad m- =la r o Wh As , ud o ool ades, baskes, ad portg goods.Heght: 4 t 6 t Ove


148/164

MOUNIN-SH, n e of is ne, s no an As

l l u s n e se fly as Hworns an Ales.Severl eces, l l norern nd referrng ric ounn so l , ve sll we owers n ene clusers.he copound, Ahl ke leves grow lernely on ee nd hve ou 1 o 15 lees, evenly ooed.he rk oo, grrown, s lr o Cerry. Te

showy re er res re favore winer foo of song nge rs A Eroean secesRown Tree, w ornge frui, iswdely culve in norern sesas lwn orenal .egt 1 5 t 5 t se m


149/164

BLC LCS s a a as a ama a a as a s sa z a I a a, ma , ga

s as T mot gs a stt aga a ma l s at th as ah a as aa at a mund, mal l , a as, 1 3 a a Th lats a smh gs a a s T s Bl a ust, ram a aga l ng sts as a

T a s a da ga, g a

47

a g Ba s A

t s a gs s - - ' ssan , mas x l sts at n

) OrinaJlr rage

Heght: 30 to 50 t Pea amly

S, l l oust s l laoutsd of ts turl rng t s lrg a Bla ustnd thornr Sots th ntr trunk s ld bong rhng thons h bar arl bla, s smton oung trs brg nto on g s dgs h lvsr s to thos of lk oust but o aw, ad tw ooundd wth h lt l a oound laf Th wrs r gns nd sa l Thng n lustrs 2 to nhs long fro th bas o thvs h t rddshown sd os gow about foot log d ontn swt st ul n addton to

t had sds Ths ods r so ,ts fd to ttl Th wod

\

r

-

Hon ous s usd o osts,_

r

f

onstut, ad ts (lat op. 1 49. ) - , egh 60 J . Pea amy


150/164

BLAC LCU (text on p 147


151/164

HONEY LOCUST (text on, p. 1 47)


152/164

KNUK OF-R s so ne d ecuse neersn ht ste de er drn fro s seeds hs oddree, whch s on y one retve Ch nese seceshs wde rnge, u nowhere s coon he dr trn,wh furrows nd rdges, n d the scy, thc twgs detifyhe tree n wter nd srng Kency Coeetree doesno ef ou t very te. eves re rge, twce com

onded, wh ov, oned, wdey sced eets he

ft, rge hevy e, s s r

-{

ocust. The sof,brown,corsewood

-

r

o bu hicker han that of Honey

is too scrce o e of usee 5 1 00 e


153/164

a a ma l l g ou of aiv valaiv ou of Mxa bo T a uuuali va a T fui, oug lag a aav,

a bl I i o o bo u agv Bu am T omou av ooo o i ig, bu la, i a of ag fa- l i a o ia ou li g of you a T iv laviif Bu a osu Ea Bu

av llo o i o i loo lu T al-

1 1

sa fu a o T

a, ooou o b, a a_{L

'

ifoia i as smoo a-

\

sou oblm Pla .)egh 2 o 4 . orsechsnu m

. _

YRTT as b ai fom Balano ino Euop ad a o uI is la alog a i a, a i a ofavoi i i s aig , u a a mavl us of o T ossu ig i a a l o

o udy i i T lag, sou buds o is isd d a asi l xami Pla a ig oo a a a bu lo l a bu o a lf by la ya bu al o m a go b aig ba fom o gou ofbua l a o o og iz o b

ooi, omou lav, i o of Bu boa a i la i a ax T ag fal l a u av bu a b a iib l, a a bo o bm b m a f Pla o .)egh: 5 o 8 Horschesnu my


154/164

BUCEYE (ex . 1 5


155/164

3

HRSCHSTUT text . 1 1 )


156/164

1 4N A T I N A L F R E S S

tn fests e ecetn es n exceentces t stuy tees n festy Ou n ntnes es e s e e esee yu ecetn es; use te f ss e

ctns nfn ut secc fests y ned f te f e l ces:

N o r t h e r n R e g i o n : F d r a lB u i d i n g , M s s o u a , M o n t a a .

Rocky Mountain gio: Fe-e r a l C e n t e r , B u i l d i g 5 Denver , Colorado.

Souhwesern egion: Secod Sreet, N.W., Albuquerq ue, New Mexico.

Intermountain gion: ForestServic Bui d ing, Ogden, Utah.

C a i f o r n i a g i o n : S-some Stret San Francsco C a i f o r n a

Pacc Northwest Rgion: PosO B u i d i g , P o r t a d Orgon.

7 Easern egion: 6 6 MarkeStrt, Upper Darby, Pensy-

v n a . S o u t h r n e g i o n 5 Svnth

Sret N.E. Atant 5 Geor-g i a .

North Cntral egion: 6North Scond Stret, M uke, Wsconsn


157/164

BKS N TS l sted elow nclude a variety ofnforational gudes and anuals Tese and anyoters wil l el you oard a eter understanding of

trees and more s i l l in dent ifying te. Also ava alear e any Federal an d state p l cations on trees, forestry,and relaed sujecs.U. S. Department of Agrcuture: TREES, TH YARBOOK OF GRICUUR,

99, US. Govt. Printing Oce, Washington , D.C. A top refeence volume on trees, forests, nd restry.

Petrids, ge A.: A ID uiDE O TRES AND HRUBS, Hughton

Min Co., Boston 9 Anther useful guide in the Peterson serescoveing tres, hrubs and vins o northastrn and cntral Northmerica.

arow, illiam M.: TREES O ASERN NIED AS AND ANADA,McGa-Hill ok C., Nw Yk, 1942 hady, nn-tchicaguid to th rgi nce

Harrar, E S., and Harrar, J. : uiD O oUHRN TRES, Mcrawill k Co., Nw Yk, 1946. This s a hndy, wll-llustrateeld gui to sothrn trs.

Eliot, W. A., an can, G. : ORS TREES O H PACIIC oASG. P. Putnam's Sns, New Yrk, 1938. cplte guide to theprincipa westrn spcis.

U. S. Departmnt f gricultre RICU URE ANDB OOk # , H E C LIS O AIVE AN D A URA IZE D TE S O H E . , 9, .S. Govt.Pritig Oc, Whingtn 25, D r ncl sc of scitican common nams.

MUSUMS AND BANCA GARDNS re oodpaces o stdy trees. Muses ay ave exits ofeves, wgs, wood, fruits, or syseac groupings ofrees. ocl museus, not l isted elow, ay also conannterestng ex ts. Sdy l eled growng trees n pars,otanica l g arden, or secal tree co lections ( aroreusont forget tonl rs Monuens, and Forests,and stte pars and forests for proteced sands of naivespeces.

MUSUMSAlny Y ew York Se

sehicgo: hcg rl His

try se

ew York: Aericn se oNrl Hisr

Wshingon in s e


158/164

5KS, BTIL DS

D BETMS

A Ab Mich: ichls Abeum

ekeley, Clif: i f Clificl e

s: s Public esChicg keld ZCicg icl PkCcu , Fl: Fichil

Ticl desIlliis: Ck y es Pe

seesJmi Pli, Mss Ald

bemKee que, P: g

esisle, I l l : Mt Abem

Mii: Pl iMucie, I: Huig Ab

euNe He, C Msh ti

cl e, le iNe d, C: C Cl

lege f We ArbetumPeesh, ss H res uis: t uis icl

e ul, : C Pk Frcisc lde e Wshig: Elizbehs Hs

il usWshg Nil Ab

eum

C F C

Fllig is css efeece he scieic es secies illsed idiced ges i his bk he s (ges) e is bbeied,i is e se s he e eied js bee i

20 Pinu trobu. 36 Ju niperu oteoprma.2 Pnu lambetiana 37 All igatr : Junperu deppeana22 Pinu r g ida Sierra: J . ccidentl 23 Pinu palut . 38 Jun iperu v i rg in ana24 Pinu pondeoa 39 Thuja ccdentali .25 Pin u cntor. 40 Taxodium d tchu m26 Pinu irgnana 4 Nya ylvca.2 Pinu edul 42 Diopyro v i rg in n.28 Pcea engelanni i . 44 Cornu orda.29 Black: Picea mariana. 45 Catalpa peca.

White: P. glauc. 4 Cerc canadeni .Red: P rube. 4 Maura pomfer.

30 Tamarack: Larix laric na. 4 Umbrel la : Magnl ia t r ipeta la Wetern: L . ccidentli . Sweetby: M. vi rgn iana .

3 Peudtuga menziei i . 49 Cucumber: Magn ia acuminat32 Abie concor. Suthern: M. grandiora.33 Abe balamea. Magnl ia ulangeana.34 iant: Sequia gigantea. 2 Arbutu menzie i i .

Redwd: S. emperviren. 53 Umbel lu lar ia cal ifornca35 uga anadeni 54 Sal ix n gra.


159/16

trees - a golden nature guide

Documents