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ISSN: 2347-9965

Trends in Mechanical Engineering

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Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance

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Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

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Engineering Department, PEC University of Technology,

Chandigarh, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board & Editorial Board

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Prof. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical

Engineering department, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, 160012 India.

Pramod Kumar MishraM. N.N.I.T., Allahabad, India.

Dr. N SitaramProfessor Department of Mechanical Engineering Thermal Turbomachines Laboratory Department of Mechanical

Engineering IIT Madras, Chennai India.

Professor K - RamamurthiDean, Hindustan University, Chennai, India.

Dr. Raghu Vasu PrakashIndian Institute of Technology Madras

Chennai 600 036, India.

Prof. Shakkottai P VenkateshanProfessor and Head, Department of

Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai

600036, India.

Dr. Samir SaraswatiMechanical Engineering Department,

MNNIT, Allahabad-211004, India.

Dr. Sudarsan NagarajanAssociate Professor, Department of

Mechanical Engineering National

Intitute of Technology Calicut NITC

Campus P.O., Calicut 673601, Kerala, India.

Dr. Manoj Kumar KhuranaMotilal Nehru National Institute of

Technology, Allahabad-211004 India.

Sudhakar SubudhiAssistant Professor NIT CalicutNational

Institute of Technology, Calicut.

Dr. Madhusudanan V PillaiAssociate Professor Department of

Mechanical Engineering NIT Calicut NIT Campus (P.O.) Calicut, KERALA,

India.

Santhakumar MohanKAIST, Korea, Republic Of South Korea.

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] of Trends in

Mechanical Engineering & Technology (TMET). The intension of TMET is to create an atmosphere

that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Mechanical Engineering &

Technology.

The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by

eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. TMET provides an outlet for Research findings and

reviews in areas of Mechanical Engineering & Technology found to be relevant for National and

International recent developments & research initiative.

The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for

the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and

research in the domain of Mechanical Engineering & Technology.

Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for

their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-

ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With

regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality

Research/Reviesw findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. Linear Static and Fatigue Analysis of Nose Landing Gear for Trainer Aircraft Ashwin C. Gowda, Novid Basha S. 1

2. An Algorithm to Test Feasibility Predicate for Robotic Assemblies M. V. A. Raju Bahubalendruni, B. B. Biswal 11

3. Bending Stress Analysis of Involute Helical Gear and Wildhaber-Novikov GearVeena Kumari N, P.V Srihari, K Ramachandra 17

4. Optimizing Die Corner Radius of Deep Drawing DieKondapalli Siva Prasad, Chalamalasetti Srinivasa Rao 22

5. Damping Analysis of Composite Drive Shaft using Computational methodsGowda A. C., Prasad T. H. P., Kumar S. 33

6. Evaluation of J-Integral and Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of Semi-elliptical Crack in Compressor BladeSudershan, Ashwin C.Gowda, Kirthan L. J. 39

ContentsTrends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology

TMET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1793(online), ISSN: 2347-9965(print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Linear Static and Fatigue Analysis of Nose Landing

Gear for Trainer Aircraft

Ashwin C. Gowda*, Novid Basha S. Department of Computer Aided Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University

Center for Postgraduate Studies, Bangalore-560072, India

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to present prototype of aircraft landing gear using CATIA V5 software to study the behavior of landing gear as per actual working condition

and to perform structural analysis to study the landing gear behavior for cyclic loading

(fatigue loading). Determining the loading modes in the nose landing gear is subjected to static load and cyclic loads which should be taken into account in the evaluation of the

strength and fatigue life. Initially, the components were modeled with CATIA V5 and

imported to MSC Patran. MSC Nastran is used as a solver. From the obtained limit stresses, fatigue analysis was carried out to find fatigue life of the nose landing gear with

different fatigue load spectra.

Keywords: Nose landing gear, linear static, fatigue, MSC Patran, nastran

TMET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1793(online), ISSN: 2347-9965(print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

An Algorithm to Test Feasibility Predicate for

Robotic Assemblies

M. V. A. Raju Bahubalendruni*, B. B. Biswal Department of Industrial Design, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India

Abstract Selection of a feasible assembly sequence is an essential element to achieve cost effective

manufacturing process. Test for feasibility predicate is a key segment in assembly

sequence planning, which is generally carried by a skilled industrial engineer. The feasibility predicate test is involved in checking possibility of disassembling a component

from the assembled product through a collision free path. To attain economic assembly

process, the feasibility predicate test must also results the optimal disassembly direction. In the current paper a novel method called “modified bounding box method” to obtain

the optimal feasible directions for a component is illustrated with examples. An algorithm to integrate the methodology with 3D CAD environment to automate the process is also

well described.

Keywords: Modified bounding box method, robotic assemblies, feasibility testing

TMET (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1793(online), ISSN: 2347-9965(print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Bending Stress Analysis of Involute Helical Gear and

Wildhaber-Novikov Gear

Veena Kumari N*, P.V Srihari, K Ramachandra

Department of Mechanical Engineering, R V College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Abstract This paper presents a bending stress analysis for Wildhaber-Novikov circular-arc gear

(W-N gear) and involute helical gear. Bending stress analyses performed are under continuous load transmission during rotation using finite element method. Using CATIA

V5 R19, three dimensional W-N gear and involute helical gear are modeled by

considering same number of teeth, module, helix angle, pressure angle and face width.

Then nonlinear contact analysis was conducted on involute helical gear sector and W-N

gear sector using LS-DYNA. A comparative study was carried out to study the variation of contact stresses in involute helical gear sector and W-N gear sector. In this study, we

can see that the maximum bending stress is two times greater in involute helical gear than that of W-N gear.

Keywords: Bending stresses, Contact analysis, FEM, Involute helical gear, LS-

DYNA, W-N gear

TMET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1793 (online), ISSN: 2347-9965 (print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Optimizing Die Corner Radius of Deep Drawing Die

Kondapalli Siva Prasad1*, Chalamalasetti Srinivasa Rao

2

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences,

Visakhapatnam 531 162, India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 002, India

Abstract The process of deep drawing plays a vital role in the production process of different parts in various process environments. Even though there is lot of variations in the production

of parts during deep drawing with conventional processes to the latest automations in the

manufacturing. There is a need to develop different die designs by varying input processes parameters for the deep drawing process in an optimum manner. The objective

of the present study is to determine the influencing of die corner radius in deep drawing

process and analyzing the process by varying the die corner radius. As the die corner radius plays a vital role in manufacturing the product in deep drawing process. Lower the

die corner radii the part is subjected to tearing effect and higher the die corner radii, wrinkling is observed. The present work deals with the different die corner radii for

stainless steel blank. Static analysis and transient analysis is carried out in ANSYS for (4,

5, 6, 7, and 8 mm) corner radii of the die.

Keywords: Deep drawing, corner radius, stainless steel, ANSYS

TMET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1793 (online), ISSN: 2347-9965 (print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Damping Analysis of Composite Drive Shaft using

Computational methods

Gowda A. C.*, Prasad T. H. P., Kumar S. Department of Computer Aided Engineering, VTU-CPGS, Bengaluru, India

Abstract Drive shaft used in automotive is a critical component which comes under the influence of

different types of loads in operation. Torsional loading is one of the prime causes

contributing to its failure. Most of the research on drive shaft was focused on evaluating natural frequency, torsional strength, buckling torque using analytical approach and also

using FEM. This project work deals with the analysis of damping behavior of E-

glass/epoxy composite drive shaft for an automotive application. Torsional load will be considered for the load amplitude and the analysis will be carried out based on finite

element method. The main aim of the project was to compute the loads on a drive shaft of an automobile by FEA using ANSYS 12 for evaluating natural frequency, torsional

frequency and to predict its damping behavior. Drive shaft was modeled using CATIA,

which was imported as IGES format to ANSYS workbench. The model was meshed in ANSYS workbench using hex dominant method and boundary conditions were applied.

Natural frequency, torsional frequency, and damping behavior were evaluated for different volume fractions of glass fiber–epoxy composite. The obtained results from the

ANSYS workbench were validated with the calculated analytical results.

Keywords: FEA, ANSYS, IGES, FEM, CATIA

TMET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2231-1793 (online), ISSN: 2347-9965 (print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Evaluation of J-Integral and Fatigue Crack Growth Rate

of Semi-elliptical Crack in Compressor Blade

Sudershan*, Ashwin C.Gowda, Kirthan L. J. Department of Computer Aided Engineering, VTU-CPGS, Bengaluru, India

Abstract Gas turbine compressor blades are subjected to centrifugal, gas bending and vibratory

loads. This repeated loading and unloading can reduce the life of compressor blades.

This research aims at the estimation of fatigue crack growth rate of various three-

dimensional cracks in a compressor blade considering the J-integral calculations for a

semi-elliptical crack, subjected to centrifugal loading. Static stress analysis was carried

out to ascertain the critical region or crack zone of the blade. The maximum Von-Mises stress was found at the fillet region near the root of the blade, the predicted state of stress

has helped in identifying the region of singularity which may lead to crack initiation. Finite element method was used to evaluate the range of J-integral solutions in the blade

with a semi-elliptical flaw. Semi-elliptical crack lengths ranging from 0.5 to 3 mm were

considered in the crack zone. J-integral was evaluated for rotational velocity of 10,000 rpm. The J-integral range obtained is employed to predict fatigue crack growth

rate by using Paris law. Fracture module in Ansys workbench was used for evaluation of J-integral Mode IІ at the surface interception point varied from 3.6527 to

45.1071 MPa√m. Fatigue crack growth rate at the crack length was determined and it

was found that fatigue crack growth rate at the surface interception point increases with

increase in crack depth. Fatigue crack length growth rate increased from 1.20015E-4 to

4.8460E-3 m/cycle of b = 0.5 to 3 mm for 10,000 rpm. Also the fatigue crack growth rate

estimated may be large, since the effects of crack closure were not considered. The obtained solution is limited by contour integral evaluation for defined crack geometries

and its orientation or crack propagation direction. Stress field at the crack tip is a function of crack geometry and orientation. With the rotational velocity of 10,000 rpm,

the behaviour of fatigue crack length growth rate was estimated. It was concluded that at

the surface crack interception point, fatigue crack growth rate increases with increase in crack depth.

Keywords: Damage tolerance design, fatigue, stress intensity factor, singular element