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Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. (Caroline SCHIEBER for) Ludovic VAILLANT International Conference on Occupational Radiation Protection: Enhancing the Protection of Workers 1-5 December 2014 Vienna

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Page 1: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Trends in occupational radiation exposure in

nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview."

(Caroline SCHIEBER for) Ludovic VAILLANT!!

International Conference on Occupational Radiation Protection: Enhancing the Protection of Workers!

!1-5 December 2014!

Vienna!

Page 2: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Content"

n  Global overview of occupational exposures trends in nuclear facilities based on UNSCEAR latest data.!

n  Focus on Nuclear Power Plants based on data from the International System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE).!

n  Discussion.!

n  Perspectives & future challenges.!

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Page 3: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

UNSCEAR 2008 "

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n  UNSCEAR 2008 Vol. 1 report provides estimates on workers’ occupational exposures in various field of activities, including the use of atomic energy for electricity generation.!

n  Data on:!n  Uranium mining,!n  Uranium milling,!n  Enrichment,!n  Fuel fabrication,!n  Electricity generation,!n  Reprocessing.!

n  Including:!n  Collective exposure,!n  Number of monitored workers.!

Page 4: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

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1975,1979" 1980,1984" 1985,1989" 1990,1994" 1995,1999" 2000,2002"

Monitored)Workers)(Thousands))

Annual)Collective)Dose)(Man.Sv))

Annual"Collective"Dose"(Man,Sv)" Monitored"workers"(Thousands)"

Uranium mining UNSCEAR 2008 "

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Page 5: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

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1975+1979" 1980+1984" 1985+1989" 1990+1994" 1995+1999" 2000+2002"

Monitore(Workers((Thousands)(

Annual(Collective(Dose((Man.Sv)(

Annual"Collective"Dose"(Man.Sv)" Monitored"workers"(Thousands)"

Uranium milling UNSCEAR 2008 "

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Page 6: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

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1975,1979" 1980,1984" 1985,1989" 1990,1994" 1995,1999" 2000,2002"

Monitored)Workers)(Thousands))

Annual)Collective)Dose)(Man.Sv))

Annual"Collective"Dose"(Man.Sv)" Monitored"workers"(Thousands)"

EnrichmentUNSCEAR 2008 "

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Page 7: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

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1975*1979" 1980*1984" 1985*1989" 1990*1994" 1995*1999" 2000*2002"

Monitored)Workers)(Thousands))

Collective)Dose)(Man.Sv))

Annual"Collective"Dose"(Man.Sv)" Monitored"workers"(Thousands)"

Fuel fabricationUNSCEAR 2008 "

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Page 8: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

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Monitored)workers)(Thousands))

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Annual"Collective"Dose"(Man,Sv)" Monitored"workers"(Thousands)"

Reactor OperationUNSCEAR 2008 "

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Page 9: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

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Annual)Collective)Dose)(Man.Sv))

Annual"Collective"Dose"(Man.Sv)" Monitored"workers"(Thousands)"

Reprocessing UNSCEAR 2008 "

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Page 10: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Overview - Collective exposures UNSCEAR 2008 "

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Uranium Mining Milling Enrichment Fuel Fabrication Reactor Operation Fuel reprocessing

Page 11: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Overview – Average individual doseUNSCEAR 2008 "

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Uranium Mining Milling Enrichment Fuel Fabrication Reactor Operation Fuel reprocessing

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Page 12: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

General comment on UNSCEAR 2008"

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n  UNSCEAR 2008 data outline the following trends:!

n  A general trend in the decrease of the average individual exposure.!

n  Highest collective exposures associated with:!

•  Uranium mining (a strong decrease is observed),!

•  Reactor Operation.!

n  Reactor Operation appears since the beginning of the 90ies to be the most important contributor to occupational collective exposure associated with the nuclear fuel cycle.!

Page 13: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Electricity generationISOE network"

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n  The ISOE network - www.isoe-network.net - provides detailed information on occupational exposures of workers in NPP. !

n  These data help to analyse and detail the observed trends.!

Page 14: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Electricity generation – Collective dose / reactor Data from the ISOE network"

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Page 15: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Electricity generation – Collective dose / TWhData from the ISOE network"

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Page 16: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Electricity generationDiscussion"

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n  A general decrease of occupational collective exposures:"n  For various design of NPPs,!n  For normalized collective exposures (in man.Sv per

TWh-1).!

n  What is behind this trend?"n  Evolution of the radiation protection system with ICRP

Pub. 60:!•  Individual dose limit from 50 to 20 mSv.year-1, and!•  ALARA as a key requirement and driving force for the

management of occupational exposures.!n  Feedback experiences,!n  NPP design improvements,!n  Etc.!

Page 17: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Electricity generationALARA in NPP (1)"

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n  Stakeholders involvement:"n  Management,!n  Workers,!n  Authority.!

n  Building capacities:"n  Training and ALARA culture,!n  Sharing experiences.!

Page 18: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Electricity generationALARA in NPP (2)"

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n  Improvement of source term, ‘If you decrease dose rate, then for the same task, you decrease dose’:!

n  Monitoring program (follow trends and detect deviations - dose rate, CZT, gamma camera, etc. -),!

n  Remediation (chemical decontamination),!

n  Co source term reduction plan,!

n  Zinc injection,!

n  Steam Generator Replacement, etc.!

Page 19: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Electricity generationALARA in NPP (3)"

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n  New techniques:"n  Remote Monitoring System,!n  Pool decontamination and cleaning,!n  Filters and resins for radioactive effluent treatment,!n  Etc.!

n  In addition to the management of collective exposure and in agreement with ALARA principle (and equity value), focus on highest individual doses"

Page 20: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Perspectives and future challenges (1)"

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n  Analysis of data from UNSCEAR and ISOE shows that collective and individual exposures have progressively decreased during the last decades.!

n  ALARA programs play a key role.!

n  Networking (IAEA, NEA, ISOE, IRPA, etc.) and experience sharing allow to ‘still’ improve (or at least maintain) our performances and are needed to face forthcoming challenges.!

Page 21: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Perspectives and future challenges (2)"

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n  Need to develop capabilities and skills in case of an emergency situation in order to reach ALARA objectives in such a context.!

n  Need to take into account (anticipate) evolutions of the RP system:!n  Lens of the eye,!n  New scientific evidences may lead to a review of the

radiation detriment.!

Page 22: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Perspectives and future challenges (3)"

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n  Challenges for occupational exposures in NPP and other nuclear fuel cycle facilities :!n  New ‘comers’:"

•  Feedback experiences to be taken into account, importance of networking activities,!

•  Trained actors as a requirement to ensure that occupational exposures are ALARA (utility, national Authority, TSO, etc.).!

n  Operation:!•  Massive departures of highly qualified workers may lead

to a loss of experience if not sufficiently anticipated (How to maintain an effective RP culture?),!

•  Increase of the operating life time of NPP and post-Fukushima related work leads to an increase of working time in controlled areas.!

Page 23: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

Perspectives and future challenges (4)"

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n  Challenges for occupational exposures in NPP and other nuclear fuel cycle facilities :!

n  Dismantling:!•  Need to develop an industrial approach of nuclear

facilities dismantling taking into account:!•  Radiation protection - contamination and alpha

risk management -,!•  Industrial safety,!•  Radioactive waste management.!

Page 24: Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel ...€¦ · Trends in occupational radiation exposure in nuclear fuel cycle facilities. An overview. " (Caroline SCHIEBER

2015 ISOE International ALARA Symposium

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 26-28 May, 2015

FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT

CALL FOR PAPERS

GENERAL INFORMATION The Brazilian ISOE National Coordination Centre as a member of the ISOE IAEA Technical Centre with the support of ELETRONUCLEAR, in collaboration with the Institute of Radiation Protection and Dosimetry (IRD) and the Brazilian Radiological Protection Society, is to organize the 2015 ISOE International ALARA Symposium on Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Facilities. The Symposium will be held in IRD, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 26 to 28 May 2015. The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) co-sponsors this Symposium.

SYMPOSIUM GOALS The main aims of the Symposium are: ¾ to provide a large forum of information exchange on occupational exposure concerns

in nuclear power plants (practices, management and procedures, dose results and reduction, improvements of techniques and tools, etc.);

¾ to provide an opportunity to transfer the knowledge and experiences on occupational radiation protection accumulated in the ISOE system to newcomers and embarking countries of NPP; and

¾ to allow vendors to present their recent experience and developments in radiation protection (measurement techniques, operating and plant design improvements, ALARA practices during operation and outages, etc.) in a commercial exhibition.

The Symposium will give participants an opportunity to take part in discussions in plenary sessions and presentations of posters. A technical visit will be organised in the afternoon of the last day of the Symposium.

TARGET AUDIENCE The Symposium is targeted at all those concerned with radiation protection at nuclear facilities, from utilities, contractors, regulatory bodies as well as international organisations.

CALL FOR PAPERS Participants are invited to propose oral and/or poster presentations covering all aspects of practical implementation of radiation protection for Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Facilities. Topics of particular interest are the following: ¾ RP Management and Organisation ¾ ALARA Management ¾ Work Management Experiences

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¾ Dosimetry and Measurement Materials ¾ Internal Dose Management ¾ Contamination Management ¾ RP at the Design and Construction Stages of new NPPs ¾ RP at the Decommissioning Stage ¾ RP and Waste Management ¾ Source-Term Management ¾ RP Education and Training

LANGUAGE The working language of the Symposium will be English

ABSTRACTS Authors wishing to provide oral and/or poster presentations are invited to submit an abstract or a paper written in English, typed single-spaced in Times New Roman 11 pt (Word format). Please indicate the title of the contribution, name(s) of author(s) and institutional address(es), phone / fax numbers and Email address. All abstracts should be sent to the contact-person by E-mail ([email protected]) by 30 January 2015.

MORE INFORMATION

First announcement, registration forms and final programme will be made available on the ISOE Network website. www.isoe-network.net, and the IAEA webpage on Occupational Radiation Protection Network: ORPNET: http://www-ns.iaea.org/tech-areas/communication-networks/orpnet/default.asp

CONTACT-PERSON Mr Jizeng MA Occupational Radiation Protection Unit Radiation Safety and Monitoring Section NSRW, IAEA PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria Email: [email protected] Phone: (+43-1) 2600-26173 Fax: (+43-1) 26007

www.isoe-network.net & IAEA webpage on ORPNET

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!!!

Thank you for your attention"

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