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TRENT ARCHAEOLOGIST

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE TRENT UNIVERSITY ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTRE This report is a summary of the activities of the Trent University Archaeological Research Centre (TUARC) for 2016–18. This report contains information on the various outreach activities undertaken, our membership, current projects and research, and funding successes for our research fellows as well as the centre. The report also provides a detailed financial report in addition to a list of articles/books/reports published by TUARC research fellows in the past year. This report is available digitally at http://trentu.ca/tuarc/

Research Organization’s Mission Statement:

The Trent University Archaeological Research Centre (TUARC) is dedicated to the investigation and understanding of past cultures through studies of material culture and environmental evidence, analysis of field, laboratory, and archival data, and the education of students and interested community members by courses, publications, and lectures. One of the main goals of TUARC is to disseminate information on archaeological topics to an academic as well as a non-academic audience. The following pages outline some of our activities and accomplishments over the past year.

TUARC mission

Research: TUARC facilitates

high-calibre archaeological

research, from within

Peterborough to around the

world.

Education: TUARC encourages

and supports and the study of

archaeology and cultural

heritage by Trent students,

undergraduate and graduate

alike.

Outreach: TUARC engages

Trent students and the public

in archaeological research and

increases appreciation to

archaeology and cultural

heritage through education

and outreach.

Professional Development:

TUARC fosters connections

among academics, heritage

professionals, and

independent researchers.

Directors

Eugène Morin - 2017-present

Rodney Fitzsimons -2016-17

Eugène Morin - 2015-16

Jocelyn S. Williams - 2012-15

Marit M. Munson - 2008-12

James Conolly - 2005-08

Paul Healy (founding) - 2001-05

Trent Archaeologist VII February 2018

http://trentu.ca/tuarc/

TRENT ARCHAEOLOGIST VI February 2018

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Director’s Report During the summer of 2016–17, a few changes occurred in the management of TUARC. Eugène Morin

resumed directorship of the organization after a one-year sabbatical in France. Rodney Fitzsimmons was

kind enough to assure the interim while he was away. Moreover, I am glad to report that Yumi Pedoe,

recently appointed graduate secretary of the anthropology department at Trent, has taken over the

administrative reins of TUARC. Welcome Yumi!

One of Yumi’s first tasks has been to redesign the TUARC website, a task she completed very

successfully. The new website can be consulted at this address: http://trentu.ca/tuarc/

In the last two years, four new members joined TUARC.

Lisa Janz is a palaeoecologist interested in the relationship between

hunter-gatherer land-use and ecological state shifts (both human and

climatically driven). This includes developing an understanding of how

social factors, in particular trade, enhanced materialism, and the spread

of domesticates influenced social organization and land-use during the

Holocene. She uses mixed methods of analysis to understand these

relationships, in particular lithic analysis (esp. reduction strategies),

palaeoecological modelling (predictive models and faunal/floral identification), and spatial analyses.

Lisa’s work is primarily focused in Mongolia and Northeast Asia.

Daniel Rafuse’s primary research is in prehistoric hunter-gatherers of the

New World. He is currently working on a range of projects in Argentina

and Canada, including actualistic taphonomy and site formation

processes, hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies, and GIS and computer

applications in archaeology. The objectives of these projects are to study

the evolutionary processes and the historical trajectory of indigenous

societies, integrating evidence from regional archaeology and actualistic

studies. Daniel is particularly interested in the early stages of settlement

(final Pleistocene) and the expansion of Homo sapiens into the Americas.

His research is funded through Argentine government grants and scholarships, such as the National

Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y

Tecnológica (AGENCIA).

Paul Szpak is an environmental archaeologist that uses stable isotope analysis

to study past marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Some of the themes explored

in his research include: i) the modification of past nutrient cycles by human

activity, especially related to agriculture, ii) long-term studies of the trophic

ecology of marine consumers, iii) animal husbandry and the trade in animal

products. Paul applies his research throughout the world but is currently

primarily involved in projects in the North American Arctic and the Andean

region of South America.


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Greg Braun, currently a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Toronto,

joined TUARC in 2017. His main research interests revolve around materiality

and the exploration of relationships between people and things, particularly

how the social performances of objects articulate with their technologies of

manufacture, use, and eventual discard. His Ph.D. dissertation focused on

Ontario Late Woodland societies, where he used materials-science

techniques and experimental approaches to investigate Iroquoian rituals and

shamanic practices. Currently, Greg is involved in a SSHRC-funded,

collaborative project with the Huron-Wendat First Nation that uses oral histories and archaeometric

data to examine trade and diplomacy in Ontario during the 15th and 16th centuries AD. While Greg’s

primary research focuses on Ontario Iroquoian society, he also maintains an active research agenda with

studies conducted on the Italian Neolithic and the Harappan period in Pakistan.

Funding Successes Jennifer Birch:

2017. Senior Research Grant, National Science Foundation, "Establishing a High Resolution

Framework for Age Determination." ($200,764)

James Conolly:

2016–2021. SSHRC Insight Grant. “Archaeology and Biogeography of Complex Hunter Gatherers

in the Kawartha Lakes Region.” ($196,644)

Rodney D. Fitzsimons

2016. SSHRC University Research Grant. “Architectural Energetics and Archaic Cretan

Urbanisation.” ($5,000)

2017. SSHRC University Research Grant. “Building Practices, Labour Investment, and State

Formation in Bronze Age and Archaic Crete.” ($5000)

2016. Bagnani Trust Grant. “The Azoria Project.” ($1,600)

2017. Bagnani Trust Grant. “The Azoria Project.” ($3,000)

Michael Gregg:

2017–2019. National Geographic Society. Project focused on the study of adaptations in human

behaviour to the availability of food resources on the southern coastal plain of the Caspian Sea

following the Younger Dryas. ($33,000)

Gyles Iannone:

2018. National Geographic Society. “Water, Ritual, and Prosperity at the Medieval Capital of

Bagan, Myanmar (11th to 14th Century CE): Exploration of the Tuyin “Water Mountain” and the

Nat Yekan Sacred Water Tank.” (US$:19,790)


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Lisa Janz:

2018-2019. Principal Investigator. National Geographic Foundation Basic Grant to support

“Tamsagbulag: Frontiers in Sedentism and Domestication.” ($32,070)

2017-2019. Roberta Bondar Fellowship in Northern and Polar Studies, Frost Centre Postdoctoral

Fellowship in the School for the Study of Canada. ($60,000/annum)

2016-2018. Principal Investigator. SSHRC Insight Development Grant to support “Diet Breadth

and Landscape Ecology in Arid Northeast Asia.” ($70,590)

Daniel Rafuse:

2015-2018. Co-investigator (with Gustavo G. Politis). Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y

Tecnológica (AGENCIA). Project title: “An archaeological approach to the study of prehispanic

populations of the southeast Pampas region during the Late Pleistocene to Middle Holocene.”

($592.200 Pesos Argentina)

2016-2020. Co-investigator (with Gustavo G. Politis). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones

Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Project title: “Chronological adjustment of the processes of

continuity and change in the indigenous societies of the center-east of Argentina.” ($4.000.000

Pesos Argentina)

Sally Steward:

2017-2020. Co-PI (with Edward Banning). SHRC insight grant: "Revealing Neolithic landscapes in

Cyprus and Jordan." ($142,779)

Public Outreach and TUARC-sponsored publications In the Fall, Robert Park (U Waterloo) gave a fascinating talk “Dying to Explore: The Archaeology of John

Franklin’s Last Expedition.” The talk, which took place on the Trent campus, was well attended and

provided a captivating account of the discovery of Franklin’s ships during the last few years and the

complex politics that surrounded these important discoveries.

In 2017, TUARC sponsored the publication of “A Block in Time,” a book about the archaeology of the

MNR (Ministry of Natural Resources) block in Peterborough edited by Dirk and Lorna Verhulst. I am very

happy to report that the book received the Ontario Archaeological Society’s 2017 Award for Excellence

in Publishing! Certificates were presented to the partnering organisation’s at the OAS Symposium

Banquet held on Saturday, November 18 at the Best Western Brantford Hotel and Conference Centre,

19 Holiday Drive, Brantford, Ontario. Bill Fox accepted the award on behalf of TUARC. Congratulations to

the editors!

On a related note, TUARC members have agreed to sponsor a volume containing 12 previously-

published (in disparate venues) articles by John and Theresa Topic focusing on the excavations

conducted by Theodore McCown and John Thatcher at the site of Huamachuco (Peru) in 1941 and 1969.

John and Theresa Topic are currently working on putting these publications together. The Pontificia

Universidad Catolica del Peru (one of the country’s most respected institutions) will be responsible for

the publication of the volume.


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Collaborative Research Grants (CRG)

In the last two years, three CRG grants were awarded. In 2016, funding was attributed to Mackenzie

Armstrong for his project titled: “Development and Testing of a Northeastern Chert Database. Likewise,

Sean Berger’s project “Ecological History and Shifting Balance Syndrome in Pigeon Lake, Bobcaygeon”

was, in part, financially supported by TUARC. The following year, Kathleen Forward received funding for

her project: “Community Relationships and Agricultural Systems: An Analysis of Contreras Valley,

Belize.” Congratulations to all three recipients who each received $500 from TUARC.

Financial Summary to February 2018

Out In Opening Balance as of Jan 2016

8,169.25

Pacbitun 151.43

Block 95.24

Royalties 502.99

CRG 1,240.85

Donation 7,336.50

Outreach 7,200.00

Transfers (dues, donations)

4,542.00

Business 310.55

Conference 300.00

Workshop 1,648.31

Catering 398.83

Sub Total 11,098.54 12,628.16

Closing balance 9,698.87

Current TUARC Research Fellows (n = 40)

Trent Faculty

Canadian Fellows International Fellows Professional

Archaeologists

James Conolly Stephen Batiuk Jennifer Birch Kate Dougherty

Laure Dubreuil Ian Begg Daniel Rafuse Rob MacDonald

Hugh Elton Greg Braun James Stemp Suzanne Needs-

Howarth

Rodney Fitzsimons Marc Blainey Robert Pearce

Bill Fox Jennifer Campbell Jefferey Seibert


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Michael Gregg James Cook Teresa Tremblay

Trent Faculty

Canadian Fellows International Fellows Professional

Archaeologists

Helen Haines Laura Gagne

Paul Healy

(Emeritus)

Jamie Ginter

Hermann Helmuth

(Emeritus)

Paul Prince

Gyles Iannone Sally Stewart

Lisa Janz Leigh Symonds

Anne Keenleyside Theresa Topic

Jennifer Moore Christopher Watts

Eugène Morin

Marit Munson

Paul Szpak

John Topic

Jocelyn Williams

Research Activities by TUARC members

Jocelyn Williams research continues to utilize stable isotope analysis to examine diet, disease and

mobility in ancient populations. Most recently, she collaborated with Andrew Nelson (Western

University) and colleagues to investigate the cause of death and life of a mummified women dating to

the Formative Period in Peru (ca. 3500-3300 BP). Isotopic analyses support the soft tissue and

radiographic evidence for death during, or shortly after, childbirth. The results were presented at the

Paleopathology Association Meeting in South America in October 2017. Prof. Williams and Nelson are

co-applicants on a 2017 SSHRC application “The Bioarchaeology of Inka Statecraft”; results of this

competition are announced in the Spring of 2018.


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Kate Dougherty contributed an article to the volume Block in Time, and presented a summary of the

Nassau Mills summer excavation at the November meeting of the Peterborough chapter of the Ontario

Archaeological Society. Kate has started work on her proposed Ph.D. project exploring ceramic residues

in the Kawarthas and Rice Lake

area. During the Summer 2017

field season, James Conolly, Kate

Dougherty, Bill Fox, and Marit

Munson worked with students in

the Trent University Ontario Field

School and some members of the

Peterborough Ontario

Archaeological Society chapter

on a project designed to explore

a now forgotten part of

Peterborough’s industrial past.

Their work focused on historical

archaeology, in particular looking

at a site connected with one of

the largest saw mills in Upper

Canada, the eponymous Nassau

Mill of Nassau Mills Road. Built in

1854, the Nassau Mill or Red Mill had 136 saws that ran 24 hours a day and devoured 70,000 logs during

the 9-month season when the river could power the machinery. This work continues their exploration of

settler sites located on Trent University’s Symons campus that relate to the mill complex. While the

operations of the mills located on the East and West Banks only spanned about 50 years, the Nassau

industrial cluster loomed large on the lives of the surrounding inhabitants and the growing city of

Peterborough. The intertwining of the lives of the first Douro and Smith settlers with the massive

industrial operations was a central question to their investigations. More information including more

detailed discussion of some of their finds can be found at the following address:

http://www.nassaumills.ca.

James Conolly continues to undertake archaeological research in the Treaty 20 territories, supported by

a dedicated group of enthusiastic graduate students. Highlights include further comparative study of

local patterns of ceramic and lithic tool variability, and compilation of additional environmental details

obtained from botanical and zooarchaeological analysis. A primary focus this year has been compiling

existing and new radiocarbon dates in order to re-evaluate the archaeological chronology of the region.

In terms of field work, James together with other graduate students has been documenting the

transgression and geomorphology of the Kawartha Lakes and, along with Kate Dougherty (see above) as

field director, he also ran Trent's archaeological field school. His work at the Nassau Mills complex has

provided additional important insight into the social context of the local logging industry, which as well

as the source of much of the wealth of early Peterborough, had an enormous and deleterious effect on

the region's ecology.

The southern wall of the structure


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Bill Fox continues his documentation of nineteenth

century antiquarian collections from the ca. 1630-

1650 A.D. Lake Medad Neutral Iroquoian village, north

of Hamilton. Most recently, this has involved two

visits to the Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau

to study material contained in the Charles Hirschfelder

collection. Bill is currently working with Dr. Brandi

MacDonald of the Archaeometry Laboratory,

University of Missouri Research Reactor on the

geochemical characterization of hematite sources and

pigments from archaeological sites in the Great Lakes

region, and of steatite pipestone sources and artifacts

from southern Ontario.

Jennifer Birch (University of Georgia) is currently directing a project

entitled “Dating Iroquoia.” This NSF-funded research will, for the first

time, construct a high-precision radiocarbon chronology for select

Northern Iroquoian site relocation sequences in Ontario and New

York State. A pilot study conducted by Dr. Birch and her collaborator,

Dr. Sturt Manning of Cornell University, indicated that the

chronological placement of Iroquoian village sites based on ceramic

chronologies and traditional radiocarbon dates in one site sequence

was off by some 50–100 years. Additional modern Accelerator Mass

Spectrometry (AMS) dating of short-lived organic samples and

Bayesian Chronological Modelling of those dates promise to greatly

refine the timeframes for other community sequences. To this end

the project involves the collection of botanical specimens from 42

Iroquoian village sites from which a minimum of 245 new AMS

radiocarbon dates will be acquired (Figure 3). It is expected that this

refined, independent chronology will permit enhanced

understanding of processes of coalescence, the timing and

directionality of conflict, nation- and confederacy-formation, and the introduction of European goods.

Learn more about the project via this blog: https://datingiroquoia.wordpress.com/ and Instagram

@datingiroquoia (https://www.instagram.com/datingiroquoia/).

Suzanne Needs-Howarth is an independent zooarchaeological consultant and researcher who works

with animal bones from Aboriginal sites as well as Euro-Canadian historic sites in the lower Great Lakes.

As of 2017, she is an Associate at the University of Toronto Archaeology Centre. Suzanne continues her

research collaboration on zooarchaeological taphonomy and methods with Alicia Hawkins of Laurentian

University’s School of the Environment. Recently, Hawkins has initiated a big-data project on

biogeography and diet in pre-contact Ontario, on which Suzanne is a collaborator. Suzanne is also a

collaborator on a project on the historical ecology of Lake Ontario, which is funded by a SSHRC IDG

awarded to Eric Guiry, a post-doctoral fellow at UBC. During the past three years, she has been a co-

author on a total of 12 presentations at the following conferences: the International Council for

Research Assistant Megan Conger (UGA) prepares samples of carbonized maize for AMS dating

Early 17th century brass spoon from the c.1640 Lake Medad Neutral Iroquoian site.


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Archaeozoology Fish Remains Working Group (3 posters); the Faunal Interest Group at the University of

Toronto Archaeology Centre (1 paper); the Ontario Archaeological Society (2 posters, 1 paper); the

Canadian Archaeological Society (2 papers); the International Symposium on Biomolecular Archaeology

(1 paper); and the Society for American Archaeology (1 poster, 1 paper). In addition, Suzanne continues

in her volunteer roles with the Ontario Archaeological Society, as a member of the editorial board of

Ontario Archaeology and as that journal’s copy editor.

Greg Braun’s current research focuses on a collaborative project with the Huron-Wendat First Nation

that brings together indigenous oral histories and archaeological data in order to examine trade and

diplomacy between Iroquoian-speaking communities in Ontario and Québec during the 15th and 16th

centuries AD. Supported in part by a SSHRC Insight Development Grant held by Alicia Hawkins of

Laurentian University, their research orientation begins from a position of respect for Wendat oral

traditions and community knowledge as legitimate sites of expertise; bringing archaeological data into

dialogue with these knowledges will enable a productive and truly collaborative process of

archaeological inquiry. Greg’s work for this project involves petrographic analyses of ceramic thin

sections, in order to investigate similarities and/or differences in ancestral Wendat potting techniques

and traditions between these two regions.

As the new managing partner of ASI, Canada’s largest archaeological heritage management firm, Robert

MacDonald is always looking for opportunities to engage with students, the public, and his colleagues in

the academic and professional sectors. In 2017, ASI was able to offer seasonal employment for the

seven months of the archaeological field season to over sixty students and recent graduates in

archaeology. ASI encourages these students to return in subsequent years and recruits full-time staff

from this pool, assisting them through training, professional development, and graduate studies as they

embark on their careers in the heritage resource management industry. During their employment, these

young professionals gain experience from the many interesting projects undertaken by ASI. One such

project was highlighted this year at the annual symposium of the Canadian Archaeological Association in

a paper presented by Dr. MacDonald. The Mt. Albion West site was an early Paleo-Indian camp salvage

excavated in Hamilton, Ontario, in advance of a highway development project. Blood residue analysis of

several stone tools revealed the first direct connection of proboscidians (mammoth or mastodon) with

late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers in the Great Lakes region. In addition, two themes of particular

interest to ASI management and staff in 2017 were Indigenous relations and the parks and protected

areas sector. These interests came together in October when Rob attended a conference at Trent

entitled “Indigenous Perspectives on Protected Areas.” The conference brought together Indigenous

leaders and professionals in the field of natural heritage to explore common interests and concerns.

While cultural heritage and archaeology were not a major focus of the forum, both are included within

the scope of protected areas and were featured in some of the discussions. Finally, in November, Dr.

MacDonald co-authored a paper with two of his ASI business partners, Ms. Lisa Merritt and Ms. Rebecca

Sciarra, for presentation by Ms. Merritt at the annual conference of the Ontario Association for Impact

Assessment. Entitled, “Exploring Time: Considering Heritage as the Fourth Dimension of Environmental

Assessment,” this paper explored ways that heritage assessments can integrate historical context into

EA decision-making and provide historical benchmarks for addressing matters such as climate change

and ecosystem restoration.


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Eugène Morin spent the year 2016–2017

on sabbatical in France. Working at the

Université de Bordeaux, Eugène gave a

lecture on hunters-gatherers and ran

seminars on methods in theory in

archaeology, and more broadly,

anthropology. In addition to teaching, he

collected faunal data from Middle and

early Upper Paleolithic sites in France (Le

Piage, Gatzarria, Saint-Césaire) and

Montenegro (Crvena Stijena). Last

summer, he started, in collaboration with

Jacqueline Meier (postdoctoral fellow at

Trent), a new project on the Paleolithic

exploitation of leporids. This project should yield insights on changes in diet breadth during the Middle

and Late Pleistocene of southern France.

Jennifer P. Moore is in the final stages of preparing for publication in a multi-authored volume a

detailed typology and analysis of the pottery from a cemetery at the Roman-period port town of

Leptiminus (Tunisia). This investigation, for which fellow TUARC member Anne Keenleyside serves as

osteologist, is the first scientific analysis of the funerary rituals and offerings in an ancient North African

necropolis. The finds indicate a shift from cremation to inhumation during the cemetery’s peak use

during the late 2nd to mid-3rd century

C.E., followed by a replacement of pagan

by Christian practices in the Late Roman

and Vandalic periods. The pottery

assemblage, totalling over 2500 kg,

attests to the ceramics industry that

thrived at Leptiminus for both local and

Mediterranean distribution, and indicates

a high level of repurposing of domestic

and transport vessels for such uses as

burial receptacles, the grave-side

preparation and serving of food and drink

offerings, and even as construction fill in

grave monuments.

In the last two years, Ian Begg has presented papers at five Egyptological conferences in North American

and two in Venice and Padua, where he was a Visiting Scholar for the month of October, 2016. These

papers are at various stages of publication in Italy. Ian also presented a paper in June 2016 in Athens on

his survey on Karpathos at the 40th anniversary of the Canadian Institute in Greece (CIG) and at the

recent AIA conference in Boston. In addition he has been the Editor of the Canadian Institute's semi-

annual Newsletter since 2000.

In 2016–17, Laure Dubreuil was on sabbatical in France. Her project there encompassed the analysis of

collections of ground stone tools—or macro-tools—from the Magdalenian period in Southwest France

View of Crvena Stijena, a cave with a long Middle and Upper Paleolithic sequence in Montenegro.

A 2nd-3rd century C.E. offering jar found in a cremation grave at Leptiminus, Tunisia. Photo by J.P. Moore.


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(24,600–15,500 cal BP) and from the Natufian period in Israel (14,600 – 11,600 cal BP). These studies

aimed at unraveling the evolution of plant exploitation and food practices during the Late Pleistocene

and the transition toward the Holocene, before the development of farming communities. One of the

goals of the study of the assemblage from Peyrazet (Lot, France) was to analyze potential macro-tools

associated with plant processing (pounding or grinding tools). The second part of Laure’s program

concerns plant exploitation during the Natufian, with an emphasis on inter-site variability in the type of

plants processed, the by-products obtained and the importance of grinding and pounding in food

preparation. In this respect, the assemblage from Nahal Ein Gev II (Israel), a site that Laure is currently

studying, is particularly critical, as it is dated to the end of the Natufian, a period of transition toward the

Pre-Pottery Neolithic that is poorly understood.

Hugh Elton is co-editing (with Ine

Jacobs, Oxford) a volume on “Asia

Minor in the sixth century AD”, the

proceedings of a conference at

Oxford in December 2016. Along

with his co-authors John Haldon

and Jim Newhard, he’s submitted

the Avkat project for publication

with CUP: Archaeology and Urban

Settlement in Late Roman and

Byzantine Anatolia. Publication

expected in mid-late 2018.

Sally Stewart is currently the director of an archaeological field project in Cyprus (Tremithos Neolithic

Survey), funded by SSHRC, and sponsored by TUARC. This project is investigating the archaeological

evidence of the earliest settlers on the island and how they moved about in and used key resources in

their landscape. Their team is focusing on pedestrian survey in a major river valley in central Cyprus, and

this season will embark on a pilot underwater survey of the river’s now submerged delta. To date they

have recovered evidence of a characteristic microlithic industry from sites, isolated findspots and chert

sources that is typologically similar to Epipalaeolithic finds from elsewhere on the island, and which may

represent early evidence of exploration from the coast into the resource-rich hinterland.

Rodney D. Fitzsimons is actively engaged in a number of research streams. One relates to his role as co-

director of the Ayia Irini Northern Sector Archaeological Project, which seeks to elucidate the dynamic

nature of the socio-political and economic landscape of the Late Bronze Age Aegean at the intra-site,

inter-site and regional levels by analysing the previously unpublished material recovered from the

Northern Sector of Ayia Irini (Areas M and N). He is currently working on the final publication of this

research project. Another stream relates to his research as site architect for the Azoria Project, an

interdisciplinary endeavour directed by Donald C. Haggis of the University of North Carolina at Chapel

Hill and Margaret S. Mook of Iowa State University. Its principal goals are twofold: to analyse the social,

political, economic and religious factors that governed the processes of state formation and

urbanisation in the Early Iron Age and Archaic (ca. 1200-600 BC) Aegean (Greece), and to re-evaluate

current interpretive frameworks and develop new models of Archaic urban social organisation by

integrating archaeological, historical and environmental data. His participation in this project as site

architect involves research into the processes of social stratification, state formation, and identity


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creation associated with the emergence of the polis. A third stream relates to his research into the

relationship between monumental architecture and state formation in Bronze Age Greece. Recently, he

has begun applying an energetics approach to the built environment, an approach that posits that the

quantity of labour expended upon any particular architectural project correlates with the socio-political

complexity of the society that produced it. Since one aspect of socio-political power is defined by

differential access to labour resources, the values thus generated serve as quantifiable and easily

comparable measures of the power of those groups responsible for their undertaking. This approach

injects a new, yet rarely considered dimension to current discussions of “wealth” and “status” and offers

new insight into the nature of the socio-political transformations that transpired during the Early

Mycenaean Period (ca. 1700-1400 BC).

In the Spring of 2017, Stephen Batiuk (TUARC, U of Toronto) and Andrew Graham (U of Toronto) had

their second season of excavations at Gadachrili and Shulaveris Gora in the Republic of Georgia under

GRAPE (Gadachrili Gora Regional Archaeological Project Expedition – www.grape.utoronto.ca). Run as

an Archaeological Field School, it brought 15 undergraduate students and five graduate students from

Canada with 4 Georgian undergraduate students to excavate these Neolithic settlements and examine

the development of the agricultural revolution as it expanded into the peripheral regions of the Near

East. The excavations were undertaken in conjunction with the Georgian National Museum, and co-

sponsored by the National Wine Agency as part of the larger project sponsored by the Government of

the Republic of Georgia entitled “The Popularization of the Georgian Grape and Wine Culture.”

Alongside the excavations, a regional survey was initiated by U of Toronto graduate student (and Trent

Alumni) Khaled Abujayyab which identified an additional 62 settlements ranging in date from the

Neolithic to the Medieval period. They will be continuing the excavations in 2018, again as an

Archaeological Field School. As part of the larger project, in the summer of 2017, Stephen served as a

Supporting Scientific Advisor to the development of a new exhibit entitled: Georgia, cradle of viticulture,

at the Bordeaux La Cité du Vin Museum (http://www.laciteduvin.com/en/experience-la-cite-du-

vin/temporary-exhibitions/georgia-cradle-viticulture). In November of 2017, an article co-authored by

Stephen Batiuk was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science presenting the

results of cumulative work done by ”The Popularization of the Georgian Grape and Wine Culture”

project, focusing on the results of the analysis of material from the GRAPE excavations, which revealed

the earliest evidence of wine production in the world

(http://www.pnas.org/content/114/48/E10309.full). The media coverage of the discovery was extensive

and world-wide, ranging from the BBC to the New York Times, National Geographic and CBC.

In collaboration with Mongolian

colleagues, Lisa Janz's SSHRC-funded

geoarchaeological field work in the

desert-steppe transitional zone of

northeastern Mongolia is focusing on

understanding the connection

between changes in floral and faunal

species distributions and major

changes in hunter-gatherer diet,

technology, and land-use during a

period of relatively high humidity

beginning about 6000 BC. The

Bronze Age burial excavated by the Gobi-Steppe Neolithic project in eastern Mongolia. Unique face-down burial position is characteristic of the very earliest Bronze Age herders in the Gobi Desert and suggests a date of about 1500-1100 BC.


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research also seeks to understand how a wetland-centric mode of land-use contributed—or

prolonged—the transition to herding. Excavations at a new site in August 2018 will be investigating the

possibility of intensive wild cattle use and sedentism 2000 years before the introduction of

domesticated cattle. Data collection will include gathering samples for specialized aDNA and stable

isotope analyses in order to better understand the nature of cattle exploitation.

After concluding a visiting scholar grant under the direction of Dr. James Conolly at Trent University

during the fall of 2016 (funded by the National Scientific and Technical Research Council ‒ CONICET),

Daniel Rafuse returned to Argentina to continue his post-doctoral fellowship at the research institute

Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano, INCUAPA-

CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría. During 2017,

Daniel worked on a number of projects, including co-authoring a manuscript (currently under review)

summarizing the results of an analysis of the faunal material from the Serpent Mounds site on Rice Lake,

Ontario, which he had the pleasure to work on during his time at Trent University with Thomas Dudgeon

(former Undergraduate student at Trent University and now Masters student at Carleton University), Dr.

Gary Burness (Department of Biology, Trent University) and James Conolly. Back in Argentina, Daniel

continued with his ongoing taphonomic research in the Pampas region of Argentina. This long-term

project directed by Dr. María Gutiérrez (INCUAPA-CONICET) is designed to evaluate the preservation,

resolution, and integrity of the archaeological record and provide greater reliability to archaeological

interpretations. Working in collaboration with Dr. Gustavo Politis (INCUAPA-CONICET), Daniel is involved

in a three-year project that will study evolutionary processes and the historical trajectory of indigenous

societies of the Southeast Pampas from the Pleistocene-Holocene limit (ca. 12,000 14C years BP) to the

middle Holocene (ca. 6500-3500 14C years BP). Particularly, the processes of initial occupation in

relation to the expansion of Homo sapiens in the Southern Cone, and the processes of socio-economic

and adaptive change in the early and middle Holocene. During the 2017 fieldwork season, with grant co-

investigator Agustina Massigoge (INCUAPA-CONICET), shovel tests were dug in a newly discovered

rockshelter site in the Tandilia Hill range. This rockshelter contains pictographs, a deep stratigraphic

profile, and a spatial position in the landscape typical of early hunter-gatherer sites in the region.

Analysis of the lithic material and radiocarbon dating of charcoal found in the lower levels of the shovel

tests may offer important clues into the first hunter-gatherer groups to entire the Pampas region.

The unexpected exposure of a multi-component archaeological site by road building activities near the

modern city of Beshahr in northern Iran has recently provided Professor Hassan Fazeli Nashli of the

University of Tehran and Michael Gregg with the opportunity to investigate the emergence of early

agricultural societies on the southern coastal plain of the Caspian Sea following the Younger Dryas. In

the summer of 2017, their National Geographic Society-funded excavation of two small, deep soundings

adjacent to the area exposed by road builders at Komishani Tepe revealed well-stratified Epipalaeolithic,

Pre-Pottery Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age horizons surviving at the site. Their reconnaissance of

nearby upland and lowland areas also led to excavation of ten test trenches – one yielding dense

concentrations of Epipalaeolithic flakes and cores in an alluvial deposit – and another containing

stratified Pre-Pottery Neolithic levels overlying an Epipalaeolithic horizon with lithic industries similar to

that of nearby Komishan Cave. Charred seeds and animal bones recovered from Epipalaeolithic and Pre-

Pottery Neolithic horizons at Komishani Tepe are currently being examined by Dr. Elena Marinova-Wolff

and Dr. Robin Bendrey, and will be dated at the AMS radiocarbon facility at Heidelberg University.

Epipalaeolithic and Pre-Pottery Neolithic sediments are currently being dated by Dr. Sanda Balescu using

optically-stimulated luminescence techniques. In 2019, we plan to conduct systematic horizontal and


14

vertical excavation of the site

in order to recover evidence

of the emergence of early

agricultural societies in the

southern Caspian basin, and

to document changes in

human subsistence

practices, potentially dating

between 14000–6000 cal BP.

Materials and sediments

from the new excavations

will be analyzed by a

multinational,

multidisciplinary team,

including soils specialist Dr.

Ian Simpson, palynologist Dr. Suzanne Leroy as well as the previously-mentioned researchers.

Gyles Iannone is the Principal Investigator on a

new project entitled “the Integrated Socio-

Ecological History of Residential Patterning,

Agricultural Practices, and Water Management at

the “Classical” Burmese (Bama) Capital of Bagan,

Myanmar (11th To 14th Century CE) Project

(IRAW@Bagan). The importance of the proposed

program of survey, excavations, and geo-spatial

inquiry is grounded in the fact that our current

understanding of Bagan society continues to be

biased towards its upper echelons, namely its

high-ranking nobles and religious institutions.

Gyles’ settlement archaeology study within

Bagan’s peri-urban zone should: 1) generate a more nuanced understanding of Bagan as a dynamic

capital city; 2) provide insights into the unique characteristics of early urbanism in the tropics; and, 3)

contribute to considerations of resilience and vulnerability in contemporary tropical metropolises. One

of history’s great Buddhist kingdoms, Bagan’s peri-urban settlement zone covers roughly 80 km2 and

encompasses over 2800 Buddhist monuments, including temples with decorated interior space, solid

stupas containing relics, and monasteries. Given the context, it is understandable that scholarly

investigations at Bagan have almost exclusively focused on elite and/or religious architecture, art work,

and texts. Nevertheless, inscriptions and retrospective chronicles. These investigations suggest that

Bagan’s peri-urban zone was also home to a large and diverse support population that lived in well-

organized (i.e., orthogonally planned) “clusters” or “wards” based on commonalities in status, ethnicity,

occupation, and clientage (i.e., formal “bondage” to a patron, such as the Crown or Church).

Unfortunately, the veracity of this tightly integrated and highly organized, “cellular” residential pattern

has yet to be confirmed on-the-ground. Recent archaeological investigations have also suggested that

Bagan’s peri-urban zone was of the “dispersed,” agrarian variety, and included significant green space as

well as productive land, in addition to a small-scale, but nonetheless sophisticated water management

Komishani Tepe is an Epipalaeolithic, Pre-Pottery Neolithic, Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age site, located in close proximity to Komishan Cave, at the intersection of the southern coastal plain of the Caspian Sea and foothills of the Alborz Mountains in northern Iran.

Gyles Iannone and members of the IRAW@Bagan research team at Bagan in May 2017.


15

system. Once again, these suppositions require empirical confirmation. Taking these issues into

consideration, the proposed 5-year IRAW@Bagan settlement archaeology study should provide new

insights into the organization of Bagan society.

During 2017, John and Theresa Topic

spent the month of March in

Huamachuco, Peru completing the

analysis of artifacts from their final

project, the study of the oracle called

Catequil. Collections of ceramics,

lithics, bone, and other materials from

the project’s excavations were

formally turned over to the Ministry of

Culture. While in Huamachuco the

Topics offered advice and

collaboration to city staff who are

planning the relocation and expansion

of the Museo Wamachuco. The

current museum founded in 2002

contains extensive materials from

excavations directed in the 1980’s by the Topics’ Huamachuco Archaeological Project which included

many Trent students over the course of nine years. The Sala Topic in that museum was dedicated at the

opening on August 15, 2002. The Topics submitted a collection of their articles concerning Huamachuco

to the editor of the Estudios Andinos series of the Universidad Católica del Perú’s press. This collection

will be published in Spanish. TUARC helped to support the translation of many of the articles. The

translations have recently been completed and are now undergoing review by the Topics. In July, John

returned to Peru to present a paper, co-authored with Theresa, at the Primer Simposio Internacional

Sobre la Cultura Recuay. The Recuay culture was located just south of Huamachuco and the paper

examined interactions between the two areas. The organizers hope to publish the results of the

symposium in 2019.

Paul F. Healy, who retired from Trent in 2013, completed a variety of research projects dealing with the

archaeology of the ancient lowland Maya (Belize, especially) and Lower Central America (mainly

Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica). Some of these projects, and subsequent publications include

collaboration with former Trent Anthropology graduate students (Jaime J. Awe, MA 1985; Gyles

Iannone, MA 1992; Kay Sunahara MA 1995; Terry G. Powis, MA 1995, Joelle Chartrand MA 2005; David

N. Rewniak, MA 2006, Asta Rand, MA 2012, and Kong Cheong, MA 2013). One project resulted in the

detailed examination of an assemblage of small, distinctive, multi-faceted Middle Preclassic period

greenstone objects (called “triangulates”) found at multiple Maya sites in the Upper Belize River Valley.

The study examined the spatial and temporal distribution, and possible function, of these curious lithic

items. A detailed geological and petrographic analysis indicated that these Maya sites with

“triangulates” were likely part of an early, complex, long-distance exchange network in exotic raw

materials between 900-300 BCE. Another project analysed an impressive assemblage of well preserved,

small, carved shell disk beads, and associated chert drills, recovered from multiple workshop zones at

the Maya site of Pacbitun, excavated by Trent University from 1984 to 1997. The uniform Middle

Preclassic shell ornaments, numbering in the thousands, associated shell debitage, and chert tools used

John and Theresa Topic revisit the Sala Topic in the Museo Wamachuko.


16

to make the jewelry, provided excellent information about early Maya craft production, and increasing

social complexity, about 600 BCE. A third project focused on carved, decorated stone club heads from

the mainland and adjacent Bay Islands of NE Honduras. This assemblage of artifacts, collected prior to

World War II by British investigators (but never formally studied), is housed today in the Museum of

Archaeology and Anthropology at Cambridge University (UK). The lithics were described and analyzed,

and are compared (in a recent publication) to similar ceremonial club heads known from Costa Rica in

Lower Central America. The analysis suggests a likely cultural connection between Costa Rica and

Honduras about 1000 CE.

An additional project in which Paul is involved concerns a detailed carbon isotope analysis of a selection

of human skeletal remains excavated from the ancient Maya site of Caledonia, Belize. The analysis

provided an array of interesting new insights to the subsistence and diet of Caledonia Maya (during the

Classic period, 250-900 CE). A fifth project examined a large, unique shell valve of the spiny oyster

(Spondylus sp.) recovered in the 1980s from a royal Maya tomb at Pacbitun, Belize. The inside surface of

this shell valve retained painted traces of Maya writing which was analyzed and interpreted by leading

Maya epigraphers. The painted valve provides insights to Lowland Maya funerary customs about 700 CE.

A sixth project was the creation (and publication) of an electronic data base, called a digital companion,

which presents detailed faunal data recovered from San Cristobal, a Pre-Columbian site in SW

Nicaragua. The database (which supplements a traditionally published book chapter) provides global

digital access to detailed information for zooarchaeologists about these rare Nicaraguan faunal samples

facilitating comparative studies. A seventh project re-examines the iconography of Altar 3 from Pacbitun

(Belize), and Maya practices of ceremonial use (and re-use) of sacred, carved monuments. This report

was presented at the most recent SAA meeting in Vancouver, BC. and published this year. An eighth

project involved the technical analysis of thin sections of Maya sherds from the Middle Preclassic and

Late Classic Period from sites located in the Belize Valley, and excavated by Trent teams. Finally,

Professor Healy is collaborating with Trent professor of chemistry, Ray March, in a detailed

spectrographic (ICP-MS) analysis of Pacbitun Maya jades. Professor emeritus Healy has also developed

an interest, primarily during the Canadian winter months, in the archaeology of the ancient, shell-

mound building Calusa of the Florida Gulf Coast (between modern Fort Myers and Naples).

Papers Published by TUARC Members Banning, E.B., Hawkins, A.L., Stewart, S.T., Hitchings, P.M.N., and P. Bikoulis. 2016. Quality assurance in

archaeological survey. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. DOI 10.1007/s10816-016-9274-2.

McGovern, P., Jalabadze, M., Batiuk, S., Callahan, M.P., Smith, K.E., Hall, G.R. Kvavadze, E., Maghradze,

D., Rusishvili, N., Bouby, L., Failla, O., Cola, G., Mariani, L., Boaretto, E., Bacilieri, R., This, P., Wales, N.,

and D. Lordkipanidze. 2017. Early Neolithic wine of Georgia. Proceedings of the National Academy of

Sciences 114:E10309-E10318.

Fitzsimons, R.D. 2017. Architectural energetics and Archaic Cretan urbanisation. From maple to olive: A

colloquium to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Canadian Institute in Greece, Athens, 10-11 June

2016, edited by D.W. Rupp and J. Tomlinson. Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece no. 10.

Toronto: Canadian Institute in Greece, 345-383.


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Fitzsimons, R.D. and E. Gorogianni. 2017. Dining on the fringe? A possible Minoan-style banquet hall at

Ayia Irini, Kea. In Minoan Architecture and Urbanism: New Perspectives on an Ancient Built

Environment, edited by Q. Letesson and C. Knappett. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 334-360.

Fox, W.A. 2017. Native history. In A Block in Time: Archaeology and History of the MNR Block by Gordon

C. Dibb (with Pat Dibb): 6-9. Published by TUARC, Peterborough Museum and Archives and

Peterborough Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society. Peterborough.

Fox, W.A. 2017. The Foster site glass beads. Arch Notes Newsletter of the Ontario Archaeological Society

Vol. 22-4: 10-11.

Fox, W.A. 2017. Summer rambles of a geo-archaeologist. Strata Newsletter of the Peterborough

Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society 7:14-16.

Fox, W.A. 2017. An accidental archaeologist. Strata Newsletter of the Peterborough Chapter, Ontario

Archaeological Society 7:7-11.

Fox, W.A. 2017. The old collections project (An uncertain future). Arch Notes Newsletter of the Ontario

Archaeological Society 22:5-7.

Fox, W.A. 2017. Review of “Late Pleistocene Archaeology and Ecology in the Far Northeast.” Ontario

Archaeology 97:151-154

Fox, W.A. 2018. Extended relations in the Great Lakes region. In The North American Known World:

Interaction and Exchange Across the Continent (Ed. M. Fauvelle and E. Smith) University of Utah Press.

Salt Lake City. In press.

Gorogianni, E. and R.D. Fitzsimons. 2016. Social complexity in MBA and LBA Cyclades: A view from Ayia

Irini.” In Explaining Change in Aegean Prehistory, edited by C. Wiersma and S. Voutsaki. Oxford: Oxbow,

124-158.

Guiry, E., Needs-Howarth, S., Friedland, K.D. Hawkins, A.L., Szpak, P., MacDonald, R., Courtemanche, M.,

Holm, E., and M.P. Richards. 2016. Lake Ontario salmon (Salmo salar) were not migratory: A long-

standing historical debate solved through stable isotope analysis. Scientific Reports 6:36249.

doi:10.1038/srep36249.

Gutiérrez, M.A., Rafuse, D.J., Álvarez, M.C., Massigoge, A., González, M.E., Scheifler, N.A.; Kaufmann,

C.A. 2018. Ten years of actualistic taphonomic research in the Pampas region of Argentina:

Contributions to regional archaeology. Quaternary International, in press.

Healy, P.F. 2016. Carved Stone Club Heads of Ancient Northeast Honduras: Archaeological Linkages to

Costa Rica? Vinculos (Revista de Antropologia del Museo Nacional de Costa Rica) 35:1-18.

Helmke, C., Cheong, K.F., Healy, P.F., and M.S. Jorgensen. 2015. A painted Spondylus shell from Burial 1-

9, Pacbitun, Belize. Mexicon 37:43-47.

Hohmann, B., Powis, T.G. and P.F. Healy. 2018. Middle Formative Maya Shell Ornament Production at

Pacbitun, Belize. In Pathways to Complexity in the Maya Lowlands, edited by M. Kathryn Brown and

George M. Bey III, pp. 117-146. University Press of Florida, Gainesville (in press).


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Janz, L. 2016. Fragmented landscapes and economies of abundance: the Broad Spectrum Revolution in

arid East Asia. Current Anthropology 57(5): 537-564.

Janz, L., and D. Bukhchuluun. 2018. Expanding frontier and building the sphere in arid East Asia. Studia

Archaeologica. (in Mongolian with English abstract)

Janz, L., D. Odsuren, D. Bukchuluun. 2017. Transitions in palaeoecology and technology, hunter-

gatherers and early herders in the Gobi Desert. Journal of World Prehistory 30:1-81.

MacDonald, B., Fox, W., Dubreuil, L., Beddard, J. and A. Pidruczny. 2018. Iron oxide geochemistry in the

Great Lakes Region (North America): Implications for ochre provenance studies. Journal of

Archaeological Science. In press.

Morin, E. 2017. Préface. In Environnement et subsistance au Pléistocène supérieur au Luxembourg et

dans l’est de la France (author: M. Fabre), Series “Archéologiques,” Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art,

Luxemburg, p. 7.

Morin, E., Ready, E., Boileau, A., Beauval, C., and M.-P. Coumont. 2017. Problems of identification and

quantification in archaeozoological analysis, part I: Insights from a blind test. Journal of Archaeological

Method and Theory, 24:886–937.

Morin, E., Ready, E., Boileau, A., Beauval, C., and M.-P. Coumont. 2017. Problems of identification and

quantification in archaeozoological analysis, part II: Presentation of an alternative counting method.

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 24:938–973.

Morin, E. and M.-C. Soulier. 2017. The Paleolithic faunal remains from Crvena Stijena. In: Crvena Stijena

in Cultural and Ecological Context. Multidisciplinary Archaeological Research in Montenegro, edited by

R. Whallon, National Museum of Montenegro Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 266–294.

Morin, E., Speth, J.D., and J. Lee-Thorp. 2018. Middle Palaeolithic diets: A critical examination of the

evidence. In Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Diet, edited by J. Lee-Thorp and M.A. Katzenberg,

in press.

Morin, E. and M.-C. Soulier. 2017. New criteria for the archaeological identification of bone grease

processing, American Antiquity, 82: 96–122.

Needs-Howarth, S., and A.L. Hawkins. 2016. Tending and drive hunting: A density-mediated attrition

model can explain age profiles of white-tailed deer at Iroquoian village sites. Environmental Archaeology

22:175-188. doi:10.1080/14614103.2016.1154238.

Odsuren, D., D. Bukhchuluun, L. Janz. 2016. "Говь-тал хээрийн бүсийн неолитын судалгаа" төслийн

2015 оны хээрийн шинжилгээний ажлын үр дүн ("Gobi-Steppe Neolithic Project," results of 2015

expedition). Mongolian Archaeology 2015: 35-39. (in Mongolian)

Odsuren, D., D. Bukhchuluun, L. Janz, and A. Rosen. 2017. “Говь, хээрийн бүсийн неолитын судалгаа”

төслийн 2016 оны хээрийн шинжилгээний ажлын үр дүн ("Gobi-Steppe Neolithic Project," results of

2016 expedition). Mongolian Archaeology 2016: 22-28. (in Mongolian).

Pavlish, L. A., Michelaki, K., Moreau, J-F., Farquhar, R. M., Fox, W., Anselmi, L.M., Garrad, C., Walker, C.,

Warrick, G., Knight, D., Aufreiter, S. and R. G. V. Hancock. 2018. Tracing the distribution of late 16th and


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early 17th century European copper artefacts in southern Québec and Ontario, Canada Archaeometry.

In press.

Pfeiffer, S., Sealy, J.C., Williamson, R.F., Needs-Howarth, S., and L. Lesage. 2016. Maize, fish, and deer:

Investigating dietary staples among ancestral Huron-Wendat villages, as documented from tooth

samples. American Antiquity 81(3):515-532. doi:10.7183/0002-7316.81.3.515.

Powis, T. G., Horn III, S. Iannone, G., Healy, P.F., Garber, J. F., Awe, J. J., Skaggs, S., and L. Howie. 2016.

Middle Preclassic period greenstone “triangulates”: Forms, contexts, and geology of a unique

Mesoamerican groundstone artifact type. Journal of Archaeological Science 10:59-73.

Rafuse, D.J. 2017. Early to Middle Holocene subsistence strategies in the Pampas Region: Evidence from

the Arroyo Seco 2 site” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 12: 673–683

Rand, A. J., Healy, P.F., and J.J. Awe. 2015. Stable isotopic evidence of ancient Maya diet at Caledonia,

Cayo district, Belize. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 25(4):401-413.

Rewniak, D.N., Healy, P.F. and M. Tamplin. 2017. Digital companion to “Preliminary analysis of the

zooarchaeology of the San Cristobal site, Nicaragua: The bounty of Mohammed’s paradise”. In The

Archaeology of Mesoamerican Animals, edited by Christopher M. Gotz and Kitty F. Emery, Released

2017-02-12. Open Context. http://opencontext.org/projects/334853c8-320e-4bdc-96b3-f696171b5a58

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6078/M7JW8BSS (electronic document)

Skaggs, S., Helmke, C., Spenard, J., Healy, P. F., and T.G. Powis. 2017. Some observations and new

discoveries related to Altar 3, Pacbitun, Belize. Mexicon 39(5):115-123.

Stewart, S.T. 2016. Ethnography and the reconstruction of prehistoric land use in Cyprus. In Fresh Fields

and Pastures New: Papers Presented in Honour of Andrew M.T. Moore. Chapter 5. Edited by Katina T.

Lillios and Michael Chazan. Sidestone Publishers. Leiden.

Stewart, S.T., Banning, E.B., Edwards, S., Hitchings, P.M.N. and P. Bikoulis. 2016. Predicting survey

coverage through calibration: Sweep widths and survey in Cyprus and Jordan. Keep the Revolution

Going. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods

in Archaeology (CAA) Pp. 613-621. Siena Italy 31 March-03 April 2015. Edited by S. Campana, R.

Scopigno, G. Carpentiero and M. Cirillo. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. Oxford.

Stewart, S.T., Hitchings, P.M.N., Bikoulis, P. and E.B. Banning. 2017. Novel survey methods shed light on

prehistoric exploration in Cyprus. Antiquity Project Gallery Vol 91 Issue 335:1-6.

https://doi.org/10.15184.aqy.2016.235.

Stewart, S.T. and M.E. Morden. 2018. The Idalion survey project. In Idalion III: The Terrace of the East

Acropolis, Moutti tou Avrili, and Special Studies. Chapter 11. Edited by Pamela Gaber. Annual of the

American Schools of Oriental Research. Boston. In press.

Whallon, R. and Morin, E. 2017. Eleven years of research at Crvena Stijena: Synthesis of the results. In:

Crvena Stijena in Cultural and Ecological Context. Multidisciplinary Archaeological Research in

Montenegro, edited by R. Whallon, National Museum of Montenegro Montenegrin Academy of Sciences

and Arts, pp. 450–455.


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Williams, J.S., Stronge, S.S., Iannone, G., and F. Longstaffe. 2017. Examining chronological trends in

ancient Maya diet at Minanha, Belize. Latin American Antiquity 29: 269-287.

Conference Papers Merritt, L., Sciarra, R. and R. MacDonald. 2018. “Exploring time: Considering heritage as the fourth

dimension of environmental assessment.” Paper presented at the Annual conference of the Ontario

Association for Impact Assessment.

Murphy, S., Bikoulis, P. and S.T. Stewart. 2016. “Forth finding the way: Predictive modelling and Early

Neolithic Cyprus.” Proceedings of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic 8 Conference, Nov 2016, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Skaggs, S., Helmke, C., Spenard, J., Healy, P.F. and G. Powis. 2017. Observations and new discoveries

related to Altar 3, Pacbitun, Belize. Paper presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Society for

American Archaeology, April 1, 2017, Vancouver, BC.

Sunahara, K., Chartrand, J., Awe, J.J. and P.F. Healy. 2018. Petrographic analysis of Cunil Phase (1100-

900 BCE) and Spanish Lookout Phase (CE 700-900) Maya pottery from Western Belize. Paper presented

at the 2018 International Archaeometry Symposium, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.

Topic, J.R. and T.L. Topic. 2017. Conflict resolution in the Andes. In War & Peace: Conflict and Resolution

in Archaeology, edited by A. K. Benfer, pp. 1-15. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Chacmool Archaeology

Conference, November 8-11, 2012. Chacmool, Calgary.

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