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00/00/00LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
SERIAL DIVWASHINGTON, DC 20025
Tribune - ffaadcnian TribuneSeptember 20,1990 ISSN. 0024-9009 VOLUME 64, No. 3078
Bora, fla ro npocTH !Bog da go prosti !
Ivan Mihailoff1896 - 1990
1896—1990 r.
Page 2 Macedonian Tribune September 20, 1990
The Central Committee
MacedonianPatrioticOrganization
T o :
of the United States and Canada
124 West Wayne Street • Fort Wayne, Indiana 46802 • FAX # 219-422-4379 • 219-422-5900
CIRCULAR LETTERSeptember 6, 1990
All officers and all "members of the local chapters of theMacedonian Patriotic Organization of the United States andCanada
Dear Brothers and Sisters:
1 • The news that our beloved Ivan MlhaiToTT; atTectionatelyreferred to as Chico Radko, died September 5, 1990, in Rome atthe age of 94 has saddened each of us.
2. since the tragic assassination of Todor Alexandroff in 1924,he lead IMRO with courage and brilliance, bringing the MacedonianQuestion to the forefront in the world arena.
3. His death brings a proud chapter of our history to aconclusion
4.. He will be buried Tuesday, September 11, 1990, in Rome nearhis beloved Mencha. The service will be officiated by His Grace,Bishop Kyrill, the Very Reverend George Nedelkoff and theReverend Boris Drangov.
• • • > •
5. The Central Committee has communicated with all elements ofthe Macedonian Freedom Movement throughout the world and grieveswith them at the passing of our leader.
6. All chapters of the Macedonian Patriotic Organization areurged to hold a panihida (memorial service) in memory of IvanMihailoff on October 14, 1990.
7. The Central Committee, urges all members and followers of theMacedonian Patriotic Organization and the Macedonian Cause tocontinue the struggle in the memory of Ivan Mihailoff with thesame dedication and commitment which he exhibited. His love forour cause and our people should be an inspiration to all of us.
May God have mercy on his soul and may his memory be eternal..
Yours for a F^eja—and^Independent Macedonia,
rvan ^•President
Dita AtzeffSecretary
V
Ivan A. Lebamoff Jordan Tanasoff Bober t Ivanofl Dita Atzeff George A. lebamoff Or. George Matzureff Pando Miadenoff Virginia Nizamoff SursoPresident Vice President Vice President Secretary Tr twuw Advisor AcMsor Admmtstratrv* Assistant
Macedonia for theMacedonians!
. William Gladstone
Macedonian TribuneThe Oldest Macedonian Newspaper in the WorldOrgan of the Macedonian Patriotic Organization andthe Macedono-Bulgarian Orthodox Churches of theUSA and Canada
The Macedonian Patriotic OrganizationPublisher
THE MACEDONIAN TRIBUNE (ISSN 0024-9009) is pub-lished every other Thursday except the first and second afterLabor Day by the Central Committee of the Macedonian Patri-otic Organization. Member, National Newspaper Association.Subscription rates for the USA: 1 Year $12; 6 Months $6. Ratesfor Europe and all other countries: 1 Year $15. Second-classpostage paid at Fort Wayne, Indiana. POSTMASTER: Send ad-dress changes to THE MACEDONIAN TRIBUNE, 124 WestWayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46802, USA.Telephone: (219) 422-5900. FAX: (219)422-4379.
|M«ocdonum Tribune tr»dcm«rk »ffimution ii v«lid until September 4.2004.
A telegram from theMacedonian Brother-hoods in Bulgaria tothe Central Committeeof the MPO,Fort Wayne, Indiana
The Union of the Macedonian Brotherhoods in Bulgaria ex-presses its condotenees-te the Centralpthe USA and Canada, which represents thousands of patriots, onthe death of the leader of the Macedonian Liberation Movement,Ivan Mihailoff.
This man, who gave 60 years of his life, all his strength andall his energy fighting for the freedom and the independence ofhis brothers and sisters still under the yoke, is gone.
An idealist, a theorist, aTrealist and a revolutionary, IvanMihailoff inspired us and led with determination thousands ofsons and daughters of Macedonia, known and unknown, in thedifficult fight against the Serbian and Greek oppressors as wellas the betrayers of the cause*
"His name-wasa legend. He was -a-teeaeon in the 4ark -night-fallen over our fatherland, which is still enslaved. IMRO fightersdied with his name on their lips. With Mihailoff's name on hislips, Vlado Tchernozemsky shot the tyrant of Belgrade. WithMihailoffs name on their lips, known and unknown freedomfighters died in concentration camps and prisons in Goli Otokand Idrizovo, Kutzian and Belen, and on the desert islands of theAegean Sea. - j
Ivan Mihailoff has left us.His image will always shine radiantly in the eyes and the
hearts of all lovers of the homeland. He will inspire us to con-tinue the fight for freedom and human rights.
Without a doubt, this fight will be crowned with victory! Inthis we believe, for this we are fighting, for this we are living!
Eternal glory to Ivan Mihailoff, immortal son of Macedonia.
Union of Macedonian Brotherhoodsin Bulgaria
Sofia - September 6,1990
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September 20, 1990 Macedonian Tribune Page 3
Ivan Mihailoff, legendary leader of theMacedonian Liberation Movement, is dead
MHXaHJIOBT>,
BO>Kfli> Ha MaiceflOHCKOTO
ocBo6oflHTejiHOIvan Mihailoff, the honored and beloved leader of the Macedonian Libera-
tion Movement, passed away on September 5, 1990, in Rome. Just a fewweeks ago, he celebrated his 94th birthday. •
Mihailoff was born in the town of Shtip, Vardar Macedonia. As a studentin the Bulgarian High School in Salonika, he became involved in the activi-ties of the Macedonian Youth Organizations.
Shortly after the death of Todor Alexandroff on August 31, 1924, Mihailoffbecame the leader of"*the Internal Mace-donian RevolutionaryOrganization (IMRO).
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MHxaHJioBB n o e P A -KOBOflCTBOTO HaBMPO. B B KpaTKoMacedonian Freedom Fighter Ivan
Mihailoff
Ivan Mihailoff, a Macedonian revolutionary who waged a lifelong struggle to free his native landon the Balkan Peninsula from domination by Greece and Yugoslavia, died September 5,1990, inRome, where he had lived since 1947. He was 94 years old. Mr. Mihailoff suffered a heart attack.
Since 1924 he was the leader of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). In1934 a military dictatorship was established in Bulgaria and he fled to Turkey. Then at odds withBulgaria, Turkey refused to extradite Mr. Mihailoff, who spent the rest of his life advocatingMacedonian liberation from abroad.
During World War II he lived in Poland, Hungary and Croatia. After the war, he continued hisstruggle for Macedonian independence. He sought help for his cause from national leaders and wrotea book, "Macedonia: A Switzerland in the Balkans". In the book he promoted the idea of the creationof a country like Switzerland, with guaranteed equality for all ethnic groups - Bulgarians (themajority), Greeks, Aroumanians, Albanians, Turks, Jews, etc. He also published four volumes of hismemoirs and was at work on a fifth volume when he died.
Mr. Mihailoff is survived by a brother, Atana^of Sofia, Bulgaria.
He quickly ""affirmed"the purpose of the or-,ganization, keeping itindependent and true toits goal - a free and in-dependent Macedonia.At the same time, heled the courage-filledstruggle against the en-slavers of Macedonia.
Mihailoff defendedthe Macedonian Lib-eration Movementagainst the attempts ofthe Communist Interna-tional to liquidate it.With courage, determi-nation and sharplyhoned political in-stincts, he directed theMacedonian movement for more than 66 years.
After 1934, when a pro-Belgrade dictatorship was established in Bulgaria,he had to emigrate. He spent several years in Turkey, and later in Poland,Hungary and Croatia. After World War II, he settled in Western Europe.
Despite grave difficulties, Mihailoff found ways to keep connections openamong himself, the enslaved people of Macedonia and the Macedonian emi-gration. He kept the Macedonian Question alive.
He was a legend in his own lifetime. Many thousands of sons and daugh-ters of Macedonia found courage and hope in the knowledge that he was aliveand active.
Mihailoff was a banner raised against the new enslavers - the Balkannations that took the place of the Ottoman Empire. Thousands died with hisname on their lips, giving their lives for the ideals he symbolized. From GoliOtok on the Adriatic Sea to Idrizovo in Skopie, from Belene on the Danubeto the camps around the mines in Pernik, more than 100,000 MacedonianBulgarians suffered, arid many died, in his name and for his ideas - the ideasof the enslaved. The Aegean islands of Yura and Macronisos, and others,were crowded with our brothers and sisters, exiled in the name of our com-'
mon ideas.Ivan Mihailoff will always be, in the history of Macedonia and of the
Bulgarian people, a symbol of our dream for national self-preservation andfreedom.
In the hope that his idea - Macedonia, a Switzerland of the Balkans - willbecome a reality, we bow respectfully before the memory of this great son ofMacedonia, Ivan Mihailoff.
' Central Committee of theMacedonian Patriotic Organizations
1 r of the United States and Canada
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Page 4 Macedonian Tribune September 20, 1990
Ivan Mihailoff lives inour continuing struggle
by Ivan A. Lebamoff
I shall always remember 3:00 a.m on September 5,1990.1 had spent all day and late into the evening work-ing at the office trying to catch up after the MPO con-vention. I had gone to bed late and was scheduled to getup early. I am not easy to awaken. When the phonerang, I nudged Kay and said, "Answer it." Her replywas that the phone call was undoubtedly for me. (Whocalls Kay at 3:00 in the morning?) Kay dutifully got upand answered the phone.
She said it was Vida, I'd better wake up. I quicklyrealized,, that thenews was notgood. Kay said,"Radko is dead." Iawakened andbegan to talk toVida. However,my mind was stillasleep. It was stillin the conventionmode.
I said to Vida.
cial representative of the Central Committee of the MPO.After the plans were put in place, I was able to re-
flect personally. I was in Europe in 1962 as part ofPresident Kennedy's Berlin Wall "call up". I tried thatspring, while visiting Rome, to meet Radko. But he wasnot there. I renewed my acquaintance with Assen Avra-moff and met Borislav Ivanoff. Whilathat stay in Romewas pleasant, it lacked something because I did not meetRadko.
The following year, while Kay and I were in Romeon our honeymoon, I met him. We had just come backfrom a walking tour of Rome.'We were in our room at
me Radko, the warrior and theoretician.My brother, George, who has the very advantage of
being able to travel more freely than I, visited Radkoseveral times in the 80s. Through his efforts and theefforts of Father Nedelkoff, who was in Rome duringthe same period, the bridge between Radko and me wasbuilt on a strong foundation.
I determined that I must visit-him. Not because heneeded to see me, but because I needed to see him, Notbecause his time on this earth might be limited, butbecause I needed to be fortified in my resolve and com-mitment. I needed once more to sit at his knees and beinspired by him to strengthen my commitment.
In May, 1990, Kay and I visited Radko. We were notalone. There was a large group of visitors. My brother
-George, my sister^Marier-Jbdor Alexandroff's daughter
Ivan Mihailoff, o grande lutador pelaliberdade da Macedonia, ——morreu em Roma com 94 anos de idade
Ivan Mihailoff, o revolucionario da Macedonia que lutOu a vida inteira para
Maria, her husband George and Ivan Ilcheff. We spentseveral days with Radko. I was fortunate to be able to
meet with him alonefor several hours. Hishealth was good, hisvoice was strong,_Jjis.mind was sharp andkeen,JWejalkedjiboutworld events. As al-ways, he had his fin-gers on the pulse ofwhat was happening.Hesitantly, I asked,
who alter Radko?Without any hesitation,the answer camequickly - no one.
IMRO waged an il-legal war. The verynature of events duringIMRO's strugglecalled for individualssuch as Todor Alexan-droff and IvanMihailoff. Now thebattle is a legal one.The MPO is legal, theBrotherhoods are legal.If there should everarise a need, onceagain, for an illegalwar, the Macedoniansthemselves, fromwithin Macedonia, willchoose a new leader.This new leader willspring from withinMacedonia as d[d To-dor and as did Radko.
On August 2.6, 1990, I called him to wish him ahappy birthday. It was a pleasant chat. Little did I imag-ine that within a fortnight, he would be gone.
And so an era has passed. IMRO is not dead. It is at"parade rest". And if the time comes that it is needed, itonce again will "stand at attention" under the leadershipof an individual who has been born by Macedonia tolead her people.
And what about Radko? Radko was and still is alegend. He articulated unique hopes and thoughts forMacedonian freedom. He was the leader in the fightagainst the falsification of our history. He was the theo-retician of our philosophy. He is not gone, he has justgone to rest. And as Lincoln, Washington, TeddyRoosevelt, Kennedy, Martin Luther King and thousandsof other countless martyrs for the cause of freedom, hewill always, be there when he is needed. Death is not
final, it is the entry toeternaHife.As long as humankind exists and as long as the hu-
man race - Macedonians included - yearns for freedomand human rights, Radko lives.
It is now our task to pursue the goals which he setfor us. We must not presume that we can change things.No one must presume to consider his replacement. Noone, but no one, should dare to consider that one or twoor three individuals are the crown prince or princes. Wemust all, as his heirs, vow to continue the fight. By thiscommitment we will elevate him to the heroic pantheon.
que a sua terra natal na peninsula Balkanica nao fosse dominada pela Grecia eJugoslavia, morreu de um ataque de coracao no dia 5 de setembro, de 1990 emRoma onde viveu desde o ano 1947. 0 Senhor Mihailoff tinha 94 anos de idade.
Desde 1924, tinha sido o comandante da Organizacao Internal Revolucion-aria da Macedonia. Em 1934, foi estabelecida a ditadura militar em Bulgaria eele fugiu para a Turquia, pais que tinha a suas diferencas com a Bulgaria. ATurquia recusou se a extraditar o Senhor Mihailoff que passou o resto da suavida defendendo a libertacao da Macedonia mesmo de longe.
Durante a segunda guerra mundial, o Senhor Mihailoff viveu na Polonia,Ungria, e Croatia. Depos da guerra ele continuou a sua luta pela independenciada Macedonia. Pediu ajuda para a sua causa aos chefes da nacao e escreveu umJivro entitulado, "Macedonia, a Suica Balcanica." No livro ele promoveu a ideiada criacao dum pais como a Suica com igualdade garantida para todos os gruposetnicos, a maioria sendo Bulgarios, e depois Gregos, Aroumanianos, Turcos, Ju-deus, etc. Ele tambem publicou quatro livros das suas memorias e estava escre-vendo o quinto quando faleceu.
Sobrevivendo o Senhor Mihailoff, fica o seu irmao, o Senhor Atanas de Sofia,Bulgaria.
My God, whatwill I tell the con-vention?" Kaysaid, "The con-vention is over;you're home. Lis-ten to what shehas to say and an-swer her intelli-gently." Vida andI talked. Whatcould I do six orseven thousandmiles away? I wassympathetic. I lis-tened. I was en-couraging. And Itried telephoni-cally to hold herhand.
Needless tosay, I awakenedvery early thatmorning and be-gan fa make " ' " 7 : '•""phone calls. By the end of that day, we telephoned thesad news to most of our organizations. Previously, how-ever, I had called Vida to get the details which I did notquite grasp in that early morning phone conversation.By that night, September 5, the Central Committee hada meeting by conference call. I described to them myseveral phone conversations with Vida and the burialplans she had been making.
Fortunately for us, the convention round table par-ticipants from the Macedonian Brotherhoods in Bulgariawere still in Fort Wayne. On September 6, an editorialtask force met in my conference room. Each person wasassigned an article to write for this memorial issue ofthe Macedonian Tribune. Some stayed in my confer-ence room, others retreated to their hotel rooms or totheir apartments so that, in privacy, they could assembletheir thoughts. By that evening, the Bulgarian articleswere written. The following day, we began to translatesome of the major pieces into English. We prepared aCircular Letter for distribution to all chapters. An obitu-ary was prepared and distributed to the major print me-dia throughout the world.
Arrangements were made for Bishop Kyrill, FatherNedelkoff and Father Drangoff to fly to Rome to offici-ate at Ivan Mihailoff's funeral. All was cleared withVida. She was kept abreast of the plans that we weremaking.
Calls were made to Brotherhood members in Bul-garia. Ivan Ilcheff was asked to go to Rome as the offi-
the San Giorgio Hotel preparing to go to dinner whenthe phone rang.
I answered. The party on the other end asked who Iwas, and I introduced myself, asking who he was. Hesaid, "I am Radko." At that time, I did not know thatIvan Mihailoff was called "Radko".
"Who is Radko?", I asked, and I could hear thechuckle on the other end.
"I am Ivan Mihailoff."I was flabbergasted. I told Kay to hurry and finish
dressing. We went to the lobby. There a man holding alarge bouquet of flowers for Kay greeted us. It was anemotional meeting. I was overwhelmed as was Kay.
In 1963, Radko was strong, tough, and resilient. Hewas only 67 years old and looked as strong as a manhalf that age. He was not as tall as I had expected, butthat did not bother me since I'm not very tall myself. Hetook us to his apartment where his wife Mencha hadprepared a lovely Italian dinner. We chatted for hours.
The next day, he picked us up at the hotel and tookus on a tour of the.city. We ended with a visit to MonteMario, overlooking Rome, where we had some lightrefreshments as we talked.
That was an inspiring meeting, and I came back toFort Wayne totally committed to the Macedonian cause.
I again saw Radko in late summer, 1964, just afterMencha had died. In spite of his great loss, he stillshowed tremendous strength and courage. That wasRadko. My visits with him in 1963 and 1964 showed
September 20,1990 Macedonian Tribune Page 5
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Ivan Mihailoff's brother, Atanas, 2nd from left, attends Radko's funeral.
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3apaHeTO Ha6T>/irapmHHa-Ta HJIH 3a KO-
Bishop Kyrill, 2nd from right,prays with Fathers Drangovand TO HaNedelkoff at Radko's grave site. H l " V
moTo CH 6e3-CTpamne H CT» opraHH3aTOpCKHa CH TajiaHTb Bbp-^x y nocraBeHMT't OTT> ToAopi* 3ApaBM OCHOBH, M3-
repOH, BCflBa CTpaxt H He AaBa HOKOH Ha n o -THCHHUHrfc BT> MaKeAOHHfl.
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cnacflBa HBaHii MnxafljioBb> Ho HaH-rojiiMa e onacHOCTbTa Aa
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TOH 3Hae, Me TOBa pemeHne eOTT» njiaHOBeT% Ha HtMUHTt 3a no-6e3onacHo H3-TerJV«He Ha repMaHCKHT^ BOHCKH OTT>CjieAi> KaTO npaBH nperj ieA^ naHa cpema cb Bncmn npeACTaBHTcnn Ha
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, HO KaTeropHMHO 3a«BflBa, Me nopa«H
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cera na, CAAC roHem* H npec/ie/iBaHb H HMCTO Myj\a. fiAfle 3ajiHMaBaHO, TOH BeMe e TT>pcem> OTT>pa3JTHMHH CTpaHM.
B t HHTepBiOTa cb npe.acTaBHTe.nH HaH CbjirapcKH cptflCTBa 3a
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e yBeHMaHO CT» y c n t x > . /TiodHMaTa BHe BeMe CBoCoAHa H He3aBHCHMa».
H HeKa npHKJiiOMa CJIOBOTO CH CT» yBtpeHHeTO-06a«HHeTO OTT> jiereHAapHHT-fe H r e p o -
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HHKora He me OTCJiafiHe. BT> A H H T * HaH TpeBora, BT> AHH Ha paAOCTb H Ojiaro-
TOBa o6a«HHe me Bi»jiHyBa Ayuinrfe MnOKOJltHHH, KOHTO me npOH3HaCHTT>
My c b noMHTb H ropAocTb H me n o -BTapflTTb AyMHTt: «TOH He yMHpa».
Ha
Page 6 Macedonian Tribune September 20, 1990
Ivan Mihailoff made an historicalcontribution after World War II
Bilingual story
By Borislav Ivanoff
World War II brought a unique type of slavery toMacedonia. Macedonia was enslaved for many centu-ries - by Byzantium in the 11th and 12th centuries, bySerbia in the 14th century and then by the Ottoman-Empire for 500 years. But never in these difficult timesfor Macedonia was the ethnic identity of its populationdenied. The existence of the Bulgarian nation built atthe time of St. Clement of Ohrid in the 10th century wasnever denied by the conquerors.
Until-487&rthis was recognized by all historians-amL
HCTopHMecKa 3ac;iyra Hacjie/rb<
BxopaTaOTb
BTopaTa CB^TOBHa BOHHa #oHece
statesmen. After 1878, Belgrade and Athens, supportedby armed bands, began to organize their propagandaactivities in Macedonia. Thousands of Bulgarians werevictims of this terror. It was during this period thatDamian Grueff and Gotse Delchev began the strugglefor the liberation of Macedonia.
After 1912-13, and again after 1919, the largest partof Macedonia was occupied by Serbia and Greece. The
He6HBajio BT> HCTopmrra H POOCTBO,
3aKOHb, HapeMeHb «3aKOHT> 3a 3amHTa HaMaKeflOHCKaTa HauHOHajma MecTbv 3anoMHace CHCTeMaTHMHa dpajraiHtpHKauHfl Ha HCTOPH-
npngRgnanie M
reign of terror began again, as hundreds of thousands 6T~Bulgarians were forced to leave their homes.
The people reacted strongly to this attempted geno-cide. As they were being murdered, their history dis-torted and their ethnic identity denied, they turned forleadership to Todor Alexandroff, legendary head of theInternal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization(IMRO).
During this period after the Balkan Wars and WorldWar I, many Macedonians were concerned only for theirpersonal survival. Others were victims of Communistpropaganda, and a few became collaborators, workingwith the new oppressors. Despite this, Todor Alexan-droff salvaged the Macedonian Liberation Movementand aimed it in the right direction. Todor's contributionwas important. He organized the people and began astruggle just after two catastrophic wars, when defeat-ism was widespread.
To top all of this, something new came on the scene.The Communist International - in other words, Stalin -declared the Bulgarians in Macedonia to be ethnic"Macedonians". Serbian Communists, in alliance withtheir Communist "brothers" in Sofia^ began a new reignof terror aimed at Macedonian Bulgarians that they areethnic "Macedonians".
Tens of thousands were killed. Hundreds of thou-sands were held captive in prisons and concentrationcamps. To "legalize" this national and historical geno-cide, Belgrade imposed in Macedonia the Law for theProtection of the Macedonian National Honor.
A systematic falsification of the history of Macedoniabegan. The word "Bulgarian" was everywhere replacedby "Macedonian". Anyone who publicly espoused a Bul-garian consciousness was punished with prison, concen-tration camp or death.
At the same time, the Macedonian immigration inBulgaria, deprived of freedom, had no opportunity tohelp its enslaved brothers and sisters in Yugoslavia andGreece. The Bulgarian Communist Party, in agreementwith Belgrade and Stalin, imposed in Pirin Macedoniaand among our people throughout Bulgaria, the sameterror suffered by our people in Yugoslavia and Greece.The Bulgarian authorities took a census in which Bul-garians from Macedonia were forced to call themselvesethnic Macedonians.
The situation in Macedonia appeared hopeless. Youngand old tried to resist, but they were not successful againstthe new regimes that had imported the "brotherly expe-rience" of the Soviet Union. Everyone who was openlyopposed to this cultural genocide was called a Mihailovist(follower of Ivan Mihailoff). In Macedonia, the terms"Mihailovist" and "Bulgarian" became synonymous.
In this seemingly hopeless situation, Macedonia hadthe good fortune to see her great son, Ivan Mihailoff,alive and safe in Western Europe. Unable to organize anarmed resistance, Mihailoff stood as a giant and, throughhis writings and ideas, led the Macedonian movement inthe right direction. Without hesitation, he declared thatBulgarian ethnicity in Macedonia could and should notbe denied* that our history could not be falsified; thatthe newly invented "Macedonian" ethnicity was nothingbut a new tactic of Belgrade to denationalize our people
See Contribution, page-10
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September 20,1990 Macedonian Tribune Page 7
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roBO PAKOBO£|CTBO BMPO, a ^o TOJI^MO
My
MHxaftJiOB-b KaTeropHUHO
Ha
TeopH5i 3a MaKeAOHCKa
Bt3npneTa H HajiaraHa c t o r t H b HOTt CTajIHHt, THTO H ZlHMHTpOBt
cqeSa B t HaMajioTo~HaTZ(FT'fe ro,qHHH.
BT> CO(J)HHCKH5I yHHBepcH-
Toil TpaftHO ce cBi»p3a ci> T o / i o p t
H CT> BMPO. KoraTO npe3T>
aBrycTi» 1924 r . H3Ml>HHHMecKa
6OflMTejIHM OpraHH3aUMM Ha MaKe/IOHCKM-
T * 6i.jirapM Bt caMaTa MaxeflOHHii, B t j i -
rapH5i, EBpona , AMepMKa, KaHa^a M
/ipyra/ie,
p OTT>
n o CB"feTa.
TO3H cjiynaH OKfldaT
MHxaftJioBt. Toft
BOiKfla Ha MaKe^OHCKOTO OCBOOO/IM-
To^optMHxaMJiOBi> 3acTaHa HaMejio Ha
dopdaTa 3a ocBo<5o>KAeHHe Ha
BT> MaKe,aoHM« H ocTaH
Ha OCBOdOflHTeJlHOTO /!BH)KeHHe RO
UOCJieffHVl9l CH flfcXTs.
, ^KHBOTTSTTJ H ^JIOTO Ha
/io HaM-roji'feMa creneHb
cBi>p3aHH d » c b caMaTa CAflda Ha MaKe,ao-
HMil H pa3BHTHeTO Ha Maxe^OHCKHil BTa-
n p o c t o r b ce/ieMfleceTb roflHHM HacaMt.
H^Nia HHKaKBO ctMHeHHe, ne dopdaTa 3a
ocBodo>KfleHHe Ha MaKe,aoHH5i n o HeroBo
BpeMe d ime MHbfo nb -c j i 6»Ha H paSHO-
^Hxa BI . cpaBHeHHe ci> TypcxHi!
KoraTO MaKeAOHCKHT* dt j i rapH
HO d"fexa npH3HaBaHH H HMaxa C B O ^ Ky-
jiTypHa aBTOHOMH^ — ytjmiHma, MepKBH,
napTHM, nenaTia H n p , a BMOPO ce dopeiue
npe/jHMHO 3a nojiHTHuecKO
Ha cptOCKaTa M rptqKaTa nopooHTejicxaM acMMniiaTopcKa nojiHTHxa, 3ana3HxaHauHOHajiHaTa CAmHOCTb HaTa BT>BI> BapflapcKa H EreftCKaM A"fap»axa OTKpMTBBi^npocb BT> nepHO^a 1919-1941 r. ToBa e3acJiyra Ha BMPO M HBaHt MHxaftjioB-b,KO^TO HCTOpH5!Ta BeMe OljeHflBa BMCOKO.
BpeMe 3a MaKeflOHH* MdtJirapH oda^e
1944 r., KoraTO He caMOH ATHHa, HO H KOMyHMCTH ecKOTo npa-
BI>
npaeoia H pyxBdHeiu Hade3HOB^qHHrt .QOKTPHHH BT>
Ha MOB-feMeCTBOTO, KO^TO CH
nocTaBH^a 3a 3a#ana ^ a yHHiuo^H
(|)H3HMecKH H flyxoBHO d t ^ r a p H T * BT>
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Bt MaKe/joHHH, Bt3CTaHOB»BaHeTo Ha Jie-r a ^ H H r t MaKe/^oHCKH dpaTCTBa BtBtJirapHii H Bt3pa>K/iaHeTO Ha dt;irapcKH5iHauHOHajiHo ocBodoflHTejieHt H/ieajit, 3aKOHTO TOH 5KHB-6, dopH Ce H yMpt.
HCTOpHMeCKOTO RtJlO, nATbTt HdibJirapcKaupox&& d-feme npecjieflBaHa—n
^ecTOKo HaKa3BaHa 3a /nsjiro BpeMe —
1944-1965 r. — 3a Maxe^oHCKHrfc
HiMauie M ^ C T O Ha Ba^KaHHTl. B t
KpMTHMHH MOMCHTM HBaHt
fe Ha H^eMTfe Ha
H CtCt CBOiJTa 5ICHa H
orpoMHO AOKyMeHTajiHO H HACHHO
oHajiHo HacjieACTBO me dAAaTt B"fepeHt
opneHTHpt Bt djRAeme 3a BC^KH
nOJIHTHKt, AHn^OMaTt H 3a BCHMKH
HOBeHH XOpa, KOHTO HCKaTt Aa 3Ha«TtHCTHHaTa 3a d o p d n r t , ^cepTBHT*, cTpe-
HHC
Me)KAy CB^TOBHH BOftHM M OCO- He no3BOJiH dopdaTa Ha - dtJirapn.
Bi> 3amHTa HaHa r-Hh Be/jpocb K. Aronsorb
npe/jh ApxeHTHHcxaTa OKaffeMHSi 3a
CT>CI>
, rocno>KH H rocno,aa, c tMtnpeflt Bact, 3a fla BH npeflcraBfl
H caMonoacepTByBaTejieHt )KH-BOTt Ha e/JHHt ^OB^Kt, KOHTO IipH e/(HHt
H3BecTeHt cjiy^aft cnenejiH MO5iTa CHMna-
TH5I, KaKTO H Tafl Ha MOHT* CtOTeMCCTBe-
- H OTt ToraBa HeroBHfl ^ y x t Me
napajiejiHO c t BejiHKHT-fe x o p a
BepcajiHaTa HCTopn^i, KOHTO HH
e )KHBOTt, caMo KoraTO ce )KH-
c t / IOCTOHHCTBO npH
KaTO HOBliKt, rue ce e poflHJit
MnxaftjiOBt? n p e 3 t 1897 r OTt BWRUOTO
d t ^ r a p c K O ceMeficTBO MnxaftjioBH B t
dt^rapcKOTO cejio HOBO Cejio - Maxe-
/IOHH5I, Ce e pOAHJIt eflHHt MOBifeKt, KOHTO
e nojiyHH.nt CBOCTO TaftHCTBO MHpono-
Ma3BaHe Ha XPHCTH^HCKOTO KptmeHne, B t
dtJirapcKaTa npaBOCJiaBHa qtpKBa H na KO-
TOTO e dnjio AaAeHO HMCTO HBaHt.
, TOBa e dnjio n p e 3 t 1897 r.
KA^eTO ce e POAHJIO OTpo^e-
TO HBaHt, e n o f l t TnpaHHflTa Ha OTOMaH-
CKaTa HMnepMiL TypqHTt, c u e A t KaTO n o -
podHJiH q^JiH5iTt Ba^KaHCKH noJiyocTpoBt
Bt npoAtJDKeHHe Ha 500 TOAHHH BJiaA^exa
n p e 3 t TOBa BpeMe q*Jia TpaKHfl, MaKe-
* CH
rpaHHqn ^ a K t p,o MajiKOTo
4epHa Topa. Bt Ta^ cp-feAa Ha de3no-KOHCTBO H podCTBO AOUItJIt Ha TO5I CB'fcTt
HBaHt Mi?xaHJiOBt. Maj iKHart , KoftTo
pacTe, BH)KAa BCHMKO HaoKOJio CH H BtCBO5! AOMt cpeiHa TA»(HH H MejiaHXOJIHMHH
jinqa, B ^ P H O oTpa)KeHHe Ha cp^AaTa. M H -
HasaTt roAHHHT-fe, o c T a p ^ B a T t T O J I ^ M H T *
H nopacTBaTt MajiKHrfc.
HBaHt MnxaHJioBt e Bene MOMMG 3a-
noMBa Aa cjiyiua, cjtyuia H pa3dnpa, Me TyKt
HMa H^IHO 3JIOBemO, KOeTO nOTHCKa TfcXHH-
T* . n o HHTynqn^i pa3dnpa, Me ontHqeTO,
KoeTO H3rp-feBa BcfeKa cyrpHHb, He H3nt;iBa
c t paAocTb H macTne BCHMKH xopa Ha3eM5!Ta H OCOdeHO T"fe3H Bt HerOBOTO OTe-
B H Bee c t no-rojrfcMa
, Me d^iaroAeHCTBHeTO He e o d m t
3aKOHt, HO caMo 3a MajiqnHa macTJiHBqn,
H, KOHTO C A nocTponj in
Ha 10-ra crp.
Page 8 Macedonian Tribune September 20, 1990
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September 20, 1990 Macedonian Tribune Page 9
Ivan Mihailoff and the MACEDONIANTRIBUNE worked together for a freeand independent Macedonia
Bilingual story
By Trendafil Mitev
The relationship between Ivan Mihailoff and theMacedonian Tribune began over 60 years ago. It canbe divided into three main periods.
. The first period was from 1927 to 1934. The Trib-une appeared as the voice of the Macedonian PatrioticOrganization of the United States and Canada (MPO). It
fjhejn^sjjrnrjortantnewspa-
MHXaftJIOBTi M BeCTHHK'b
OTb
HBaHt MnxaftjioBB HB. Maxe/iOHCxa TpuCyHa flaTHpaTt OTT>
npe3i» TO3H BTOPH nepHo/n> fla ceaBTopHTeTi>TT> Ha MnxaftjioBij cpefli> eMHrpa-UH5rra KaTO HecjioMHMi* 6opeu> 3a OCBOGOMC-
Ha MaKe/iOHHH H HCHHOTO
pers of the Macedonian movement.At the end of the 1920's, the MPO formulated a
clear position on the crisis in the Macedonian revolu-tionary movement in Bulgaria after 1925. It became astrong supporter of the struggle for the freedom ofMacedonia led by the Internal Macedonian Revolution-ary Organization (IMRO).
Ivan Mihailoff was chosen as the leader of IMRO.His revolutionary activities received world-wide atten-tion at that time. For these reasons, his name began toappear in the pages of the Tribune.
At first, the Tribune reprinted information fromAmerican, Bulgarian and European newspapers andmagazines. In 1923, a Bulgarian journalist who wrote
~ tor the A'iNew York Times" and was close to the
BHH nepHOfla. ntpBHsnrb o6xBama BpeMeTO OTT>
1927 no 1934 r. MaxenoHCica Tpttdyna xaTOo p r a H t Ha MflO BT> CibeflHHeHHrt mara HKaHa/ja c e nowa^sa npe3i> 1927 r. H ce yTBtp->K,aaBa KaTO enmn> OTI> HaH-Ba)KHHTfc opraHHHa MaKe^oHCKOTo ocBo6o.anTe.nHo flBH^ceHHe.
KtMt 1930 r. MF10 (JjopMyjinpa no3HUH«TaCH Kt>Mb KpH3aTa, H35KHB"feHa OTTbCKOTO peBOJiiouHOHHO ^BHHceHHe BT>
cneffb 1925 r. H 3acTaBa HCHO BI> noflKpena Ha6op6aTa, Bo/ieHa o r b BMPO 3a CBoSofla HHe3aBHCHMOcTb Ha MaKe^oHHH. Pa3rjie)K/ia-HHHTI> nepHOflfc c t B n a a a ci> yrBtpac/aaBaHeToHa HBamb MnxaftjioBt KaTO py&KOBOflHTejtb HaBMPfr — —
BTOpaTa cB^TOBHa BOHHa 3anoMHaH
OTticaft^OBt H opraHa
Ha MFIO — B. Maxe/jOHCxa TpH6yna.
Ha KOMyHHCTHMeCKHT-fe napTHH.r e o p r n /jHMHTpoBb H HocHni> Bpo3*> THTO ce3aeMaTT> c t paspemasaHeTo Ha MaKeflOHCKHH
OTT> TeOpeTHMHHT"fe HO3HU.HH Ha3a
Stoyan Hristov, visited Bulgaria. He published in theTribune the first important interview with Ivan Mihailoff,which he got when he visited Mihailoff in the PirinMountains.
Through the publication of material about IvanMihailoff from 1927 to 1934, the Tribune explained toits readers the aims of the Macedonian revolutionarymovement led by IMRO after World War I.
A coup d'etat in Bulgaria on May 19,1934, was thebeginning of the second period in the relationship be-tween Ivan Mihailoff and the Macedonian Tribune. TheZveno regime in Sofia declared all parties and organiza-tions illegal. IMRO was destroyed.
Ivan Mihailoff fled to,Turkey. At the end of WorldWar II, he changed his residence many times and livedunderground. Information from and about him wassketchy. But the MPO continued to be the only legalorganization of the Macedonian Bulgarians which con-tinued to keep alive interest in the Macedonian Ques-tion, and the Tribune was the publication which con-tinued to publicize the activities of Ivan Mihailoff.
The readers knew well the problems faced byMihailoff and his wife, Mencha Kamicheva, during theirflight to Turkey. Articles appeared about his activities
-in- Istanbul and afterwards about- his travelsJo[Polandand other European countries. Facts about his activitiesduring the war were also made known.
The first official greeting from Ivan Mihailoff to theMPO was published in 1938 for the 17th Annual MPOConvention. In this way, the Tribune helped the au-thority of Ivan Mihailoff to grow in the emigre commu-nity, where he was seen as a great leader of the strugglefor the freedom of Macedonia, which would be a Swit-zerland of the Balkans.
After World War II, the third and most importantperiod of the relationship between Ivan Mihailoff andthe Macedonian Tribune began. The Communist Partyin Bulgaria and Yugoslavia took over. Georgi Dimitrovand Josip Broz Tito decided the Macedonian Questionfrom the theoretical position of the Communist Interna-tional. But their policy was founded on wrong prin-ciples. Tito commanded that a "Macedonian nation" beestablished. It was formed under pressure and with andanti-Bulgarian bias. A "Macedonian language" was fab-ricated. All Bulgarian culture in Vardar Macedonia wasdestroyed.
Bulgarians in Pirin Macedonia were calledMacedonian minority. Thousands of IMRO activists andsympathizers were killed or imprisoned. After WorldWar II, the MPO again was the only legal organizationof the Macedonian Bulgarians that continued to positthe Macedonian Question, despite new difficulties.
The need to explain the new situation became clear,especially after 1946, when Tito's policy was exposedas Serbian chauvinism. Its aim was denationalization ofthe Bulgarian Macedonians.
See Mihailoff and the Tribune, page 10
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3aHa Si.jirapHT'i B M
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TpyflHKTt yCJIOBHH, npH KOHTOHBaHT> MHxaftjiOBT> OTI> 1934 r /jo 1945
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Ha ll-ra crp.
Page 10 Macedonian Tribune September 20, 1990
Bi> 3aujHTa Haorb 7-ra crp.
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I lpe3 t 1925 r . HBaHt MnxaftjioBt e H3-dpaHt B t I4eHTpajiHH5i KOMHTett Ha BMPO.
Tlpe3t 1928 r . e npen3dpaHt!TOflHHH nO-KtCHO, 3a TpeTH
na^Ha B t p x y HeroBHrt njiemn CTpa-OTroBopHocTb <aa P A K O B O ^ M BMPO.
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ContributionFrom page 6
in Vardar Macedonia while attempting to expand intoPirin and Aegean Macedonia.
The prestige, deeds and name of Mihailoff were sowell known that his name was enough to give courageto the people in Macedonia. He encouraged the hesitantarid he opened the eyes of those misled by propaganda.
His idea of a free and independent Macedonia, Swit-zerland of the Balkans, was accepted even by those whomBelgrade had misled. His idea was clear: A Macedonia,on the Swiss model, in which all ethnic groups - Bul-garians, Greeks, Aroumanians, Albanians, Turks, Jews,etc. - would live in freedom, with equal rights.
This remarkable Macedonian Bulgarian stood as acolossus against the new ethnic and cultural slavery im-posed by Stalin through Belgrade and the BulgarianCommunist Party. Without violence - with pen, wordsand spirit - Ivan Mihailoff led the people of Macedoniatoward the victory that will soon be theirs. MacedonianBulgarians, and their brothers and sisters in Bulgaria,will never forget the accomplishment of Ivan Mihailoff.
MnxaHjioBt, me dA^e , MaKCHMajiHaTa r a -paHUHfl 3a MHpt H 3a MOKflyHapoflHa CH-rypHOCTb Bt Ta3H KpnraMHa eBponencKa3OHa.
Mihailoff and the TribuneFrom page 9
The first person to expose the situation was IvanMihailoff. During 1947 he published a series in the Trib-une called "Stalin and the Macedonian Question." (In1948 the series was published as a book and now can bepurchased from the Tribune.) In this series, Mihailoffexplained how and why there is confusion about con-cepts of "nation", "language", "nationality" and "na-tional consciousness."
Ivan Mihailoff argued that the Yugoslav Communistposition on the Macedonian Question did not help todecide the question, but made it more difficult. Duringthe past 45 years, the Tribune was the only publicationin which Mihailoff published his articles.
Mihailoff s material published in the Tribune can beseparated into three main groups. The first and mostimportant are letters and greetings form Ivan Mihailofftcrthe annual MP0 Conventions.--In-them he describedthe most recent stages in the struggle for the freedom ofMacedonia and explained the issues on which the MPOmust stand firm. „
The second group of Mihailoff s materials publishedin the Tribune after World War II was connected withthe history of the Macedonian revolutionary movement.Here he made scholarly contributions in the study ofthis important movement in the Balkans. His clear ex-planations guaranteed the continued struggle for the free-dom of Macedonia, and kept the emigre community inthe USA and Canada remote from Tito's Macedonism.
The third part of Mihailoff s materials published inthe Tribune after 1945 consisted of his works againstthe falsification of the Macedonian Questions. More thananyone, Ivan Mihailoff dispelled these falsifications. Noother publications has given these arguments as muchspace as has the Macedonian Tribune.
The Tribune was the participant in the MacedonianLiberation Movement which gave Mihailoff the mostimportant opportunity to grow as a theoretician of theMacedonian Question, and allowed the popularizationof his conclusions all over the world.
On the other hand, if the MPO after World War IIwas the central figure in the struggle for Macedonianfreedom, that was because of its connection with IvanMihailoff.
This cooperation enriched .theoretical developmentof the movement for freedom and human rights in theBalkans.
The Tribune and Mihailoff needed each other to makea great contribution to the struggle of Macedonian Bul-garians for freedom and human rights.
September 20, 1990 Macedonian Tribune Page 11
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Radko is goneSeveral compatriots share their feelingsabout the death of Ivan Mihailoff
As each of us begins to deal with our grief at the death of Ivan Mihailoff, we need to talkabout our feelings. We need to let someone know how the loss of Radko has affected us. Weneed to share the feelings of our hearts.
Sometimes, this is not easy. It helps to know that others feel as we do. It helps to knowthat we are not alone.
Several of our compatriots share their feelings on this sad occasion.
Maria T. Alexandrova Koeva: "I am deeply moved by the sad news that reached me herein Fort Wayne. Gone forever is one of the greatest leaders, one of the most remarkable
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was a pleasure to sit and talk for hours about events and people who have played a great rolein his and my life.
"Ivan Mihailoff succeeded my father [Todor Alexandroff]. In his memoirs he traces thor-oughly almost day by day the struggle for an autonomous and independent Macedonia. Hedescribes the tragic end not only of my father, but of hundreds of others who had embracedthe fight under the slogan, 'Freedom or Death.' I shall forever keep close to my heart IvanMihailoff as a man who highly admired my father and pursued his ideals, who saved Macedoniafrom Serbianization and devoted his life to the welfare of his compatriots. 'Sleep in peace,Uncle Radko.'"
Trendafil Mitev: "We've lost him, but not his ideas, his spirit. Our great contribution to hismemory will be using his ideas, his spirit, his writing to chart a course for the future. Such acourse will lead us to the realization of freedom and opportunity for Macedonia."
George A. Lebamoff: "Radko is not dead. He lives on! He always told me what we were,where we came from and where we should go. I believe that European historians will judgehim favorably.
"When we were teenagers, his name was a household word. He is the last of the original,great revolutionaries. IMRO has closed the circle. What our parents stood for, now will gointo the history books of our hearts, minds and souls."
Chris Alusheff: "I feel I have lost a very close friend."
Clem Nicoloff: "I feel saddened by our loss. He was a vital part of our lives! We are leftwith an unexpected void. Radko was a person of whom 1 had heard all my life. I wasfortunate to meet him jus! last year. He was more than I had anticipated. Even though my wifewas unable to speak with him in Bulgarian, they developed a camaraderie. They gravitatedtoward each other, and she cried when we left."
Dita Atzeff: 'The Macedonian Liberation Movement has lost a great leader just at a timewhen it most needed him." j ^
Popadia Vera Nicoloff: "I've known about him since I was a child. One day in school Iwas reading a copy of 'Freedom or Death'. I put it in my mouth when the teacher camearound so I wouldn't get caught. Later my classmates gave me money to put a bouquet offlowers on the grave of Todor Alexandroff. When I got caught, I was put in jail for a night.
"In 1934, when I was 17 years old and I was coming to America, I saw Ivan Mihailoff forthe first time. I was told to go to the second floor of this building and I would see a man. Iwaved and he waved back to me.
"I saw him again in 1963 when my daughter Marianne and I went to Rome. Mencha wassick, but she got out of bed and took us for ice cream. She told Marianne that she loved herlike her daughter."
Otets George Nicoloff: "I've known him since I was a student at the University of Sofiaand a member of the student organization ' Vardar'. I have had personal contact with him formany years. I respected nim. I loved him. I want to extend my sympathy to all of our brothersand sisters who are working for the freedom of Macedonia. Bog da go prosti.",
Stoyan Boyadjieff: "I knew Ivan Mihailoff was in poor health, but the news of his deathstill amazed me. Macedonia has lost its greatest pillar of strength. I felt the same when I lostmy father.
"The weight that Ivan Mihailoff carried now falls on our shoulders. We are just beginningto understand this, and it strengthens me and all Macedonian Bulgarians. We won't give up!We hold our heads high, eyes turned toward his sacred dream. He struggled all his life tomake that dream come true - a free and independent Macedonia."
Page 12 Macedonian Tribune September 20, 1990
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Eternal Memory !May he rest in peace