Tristam, Sean, Downey

Mr.Snyder

Dec 04/13

Amides

Amides are derived from carboxyclic acids and amines

1st degree amides only have 1 carbon chain

2nd degree amides have two carbon chains: one off of the nitrogen and one off of the

main

3rd degree amides have three carbon chains: the main, and two off of the nitrogen

General Structure

• First step identify the parent chain starting from the carbonyl group

• Second step is to replace the ending by taking the “e” off and replacing it with amide

• Third step is naming in methyl or ethyl groups off the parent chain which are named the same way as alkanes or alkenes unless the methyl ethyl or

propyl comes off the nitrogen which then gives the name N in front of the methyl or ethyl. Also if two come off the nitrogen it is nn dimethyl, ethyl etc

• Fourth step in the case of a double or triple bond the same rule applies just like alkanes, alkenes

and alkynes

Steps In naming amides

O

N

O

N

Examples ( name amide)

1,3,5-triethyl-N-methyl-N-propyloctanamide

2,4-diethyl-1,3,5-trimethly-N,N-dipropyl-cis-7-nonenamide

Can you draw these amides

uses of amides include coloring for the dye industry, a number of different

neurotransmitter drugs, treatment of natural gas, explosives, nylon, Kevlar, latex, latex

thickeners, adhesives, paint, cosmetics, and paper pigment.

Uses

Amides are neutral compounds -- in contrast to their seemingly close

relatives, the amines, which are basic. The amide linkage is planar-- even though we normally show the C-N connected by a single bond, which

should provide free rotation.

The solubility's of amides and esters are roughly comparable. Typically amides

are less soluble than comparable amines and carboxylic acids since these

compounds can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds.

Properties

Carboxylic acids react with Ammonia(NH3) or a 1° or 2° Amine

compound

This is a condensation reaction which results in the formation of a H2O and an

Amide compound

Amide ReactionsFormation

Seen above a carboxylic acid reacts with a 1° Amine

If a 2° or Ammonia are used it is a very similar reaction with a slightly different product amine

Formation Cont’d

For condensation to occur there are two factors which are to be met:

Heat

Reaction takes place in conc. H2SO4

Formation Conditions

There is one other reaction which breaks Amides into a Carboxylic acid and a 1°,

2° amine or an Ammonia known as Hydrolysis

Essentially the reverse of Condensation as water is reacted with an Amide to

produce

The only condition for this reaction is the presence of an acid or base as a catalyst

Other Amide Reactions

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/amides/background.html

http://www.ask.com/question/uses-of-amides

http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/Chemistry/Organic/Naming-Amides.php

Bibliography