triz overview v 1 2
DESCRIPTION
Inventive Problem Solving Overview.TRANSCRIPT
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TRIZTRIZ Theory of Inventive Problem
Solving
An Overview
E.H. GillespieApril 19, 2010April 19, 2010
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What If?What If?
• What is in this book?• What is in this book?
W ld i h l• Would it help you to have a method to find l ti f diffi ltsolutions for difficult
problems with a better h f ?chance of success?
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What is TRIZ?What is TRIZ?
• TRIZ is a Russian acronym standing for “Theory of Inventive Problem Solving”Theory of Inventive Problem Solving
• TRIZ …Is a systematic structured way of thinking– Is a systematic, structured way of thinking.
– Captures the science of technological evolution.
H l b k h l i l i i– Helps break psychological inertia.
– Focuses on generating innovative concepts
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How can TRIZ help me?How can TRIZ help me?
• TRIZ can help• TRIZ can help – Solve current technical problems.
A hi i ifi t t d ti– Achieve significant cost reductions.
– Produce breakthrough new products.
/– Produce intellectual property outright and/or avoid intellectual property conflicts with others.
F t t h l i l d l t– Forecast technological development.
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But it may be hard to help fsome folks....
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AcknowledgementAcknowledgement
I am deeply indebted to Awad Gharib of Danaher l h i d d d hiTool Group who trained and mentored me on this
subject. His teachings and synthesis of other references were invaluable in the preparation ofreferences were invaluable in the preparation of this presentation.
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Where are we headed?Where are we headed?
• TRIZ is a broad collection of tools and• TRIZ is a broad collection of tools and methods.
T d I l• Today I plan to ….– Introduce the history and foundations of TRIZ.
– Discuss how TRIZ fits into problem solving processes, and
– Illustrate the application of the fundamental tools and techniques.
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How do we solve problems?How do we solve problems?
Limitations:Problem Limitations:
• Problem definition is often haphazard.
Definition
p
• Concept development often grounded in trial and error.
Concept Development
g
• Concepts tried are often biased by psychological inertia.Verification
– Prior knowledge & experience
– Words
– Pictures, objects & imagesImplementation
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The Origin of TRIZThe Origin of TRIZ
• Genrich S. Altschuller isGenrich S. Altschuller is considered the father of TRIZ.
• As a patent clerk in 1946 pinitiated a study of inventive patents.
• He considered the history of the successful products and
h ltechnologies.Genrich S. Altshuller (1926 ‐ 1998)
The father of TRIZ
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Altshuller’s WorkAltshuller s Work
• Studied 200 000 patents worldwide• Studied 200,000 patents worldwide.
• Identified 40,000 “inventive” patents
• Key contributions:– Levels of invention
– Patterns of invention
– Definition of inventive problem
– Patterns of evolution
– Algorithm for inventive problem solving (ARIZ) g p g ( )
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Levels of InventionLevels of Invention
• Level 5: Discoveryf ll– Pioneering of an essentially new system
– New Science
• Level 4: Invention outside the paradigmp g– New generation of system based on changing the principle
performing the primary function– Solution derived from science, not technology.
• Level 3: Invention inside the paradigmnovatio
n
• Level 3: Invention inside the paradigm– Essential improvement of an existing system– Methods from other fields.
L l 2 Icreasing
Inn
• Level 2: Improvement– Small improvements of an existing system, usually with
compromise– Methods from the same industry
Inc
• Level 1: Apparent solution (no invention)– Established solutions – well known and readily available
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Distribution of Inventions by LevelDistribution of Inventions by Level
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Patterns of InventionPatterns of Invention
• Altschuller noted that different patents in differentAltschuller noted that different patents in different technological areas (often years apart) often reflect the same “solution”.
• These fundamental solutions are called “operators”• For example, patents were issued for …
Shelling s nflo er seeds– Shelling sunflower seeds– Coring bell peppers– Cleaning filtersg– Splitting diamonds (27 years after sunflower seeds)– The operator ‐ all of these solutions involve slowly increasing and then rapidly decreasing pressureincreasing and then rapidly decreasing pressure
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Operator Example ‐MathematicsOperator Example Mathematics
Abstract ProblemaX2 + bX + c = 0
Abstract SolutionX = (‐b +/‐ (b2 – 4ac)1/2)/2a( / ( ) )/
Specific Problem3X2 + 5X + 2 = 0
Specific Solutions1.5 & .5
Trial & Error
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Altshuller’s ContributionAltshuller s Contribution
Operators
The World’s Problems The World’s Solutions
p
Abstraction SpecializationAbstraction Specialization
My Problem My Solution
Trial & Error
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Primary Assumptions for TRIZPrimary Assumptions for TRIZ
• Technological systems don’t evolve randomlyTechnological systems don t evolve randomly but according to objective patterns.
• These patterns can be revealed from patents• These patterns can be revealed from patents and can be purposely applied without numerous blind trialsnumerous blind trials.
“Inventive problems can be codified classifiedInventive problems can be codified, classified and solved methodically, just like other engineering problems ”engineering problems.
‐ G. S. Altshuller
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TRIZ ProcessTRIZ Process
Problem Problem Problem Evaluate
• State initial situation
• Detection/ Measurement
• Contradiction Matrix
Definition Classification Solving Concepts
• Analyze situation
• Analyze f ti
Measurement
• Conflict
• Harmful Action
Matrix
• Separation rules
• ARIZ
Implementation
functions• Apply ideal
ways• Look for
Action
• Absent Action
• Technological Forecast
ARI
• Direct ways
• Indirect ways
• Special wayscontradictions
Special ways
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Initial SituationInitial Situation
• Necessary to pull out knowledge base from diverse perspectives and align team members
• Use a structured templateSt t bj ti– State objective
– Develop problem statements, known solutions, and history.– State the purpose of systemp p y– Define system, sub‐systems, and super‐system– System environment
(f l l f ld f )– Resources (functional, materials, fields, space, information…)– Constraints– Evaluation criteriaEvaluation criteria
• As many as 25% of problems are “solved” at this stage
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Function AnalysisFunction Analysis
• One technique to break psychological inertia• One technique to break psychological inertia.• Helps discriminate between “What” (function) and “Why” (reason)and Why (reason).
• Helps understand how system works.• Sets up use of Ideal Ways• Sets up use of Ideal Ways• Vehicle for knowledge transfer• Another 25% of problems are typically “solved” at this stage.
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Function Analysis ExampleFunction Analysis Example
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Substance‐Field (Su‐Field) Diagrams
FieldMech.Force
Field
Tool Object
Sharpener PencilX
Useful FunctionTool Object
XHarmful Function
The function of the sharpener is to sharpen the pencil
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Function DimensionsFunction Dimensions
• Field Types • Function Types • Function ClassesField Types– Mechanical
– Thermal
Function Types– Useful
• Adequate
Function Classes– Basic
– Secondary
– Chemical
– Electrical
• Insufficient
• Exceeding
– Harmful
– Auxiliary• Assisting
C ti– Magnetic
– Acoustic
Harmful
– Absent• Correcting
– Detection or Measurement
Fight I ti
Cost Reduction
Problem Solving
Inertia
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Consider the System ScaleConsider the System Scale
Function of Screw
Function of Blade
Function of Guide
Function of Wood Function of Graphite
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Su‐field Diagrams ExtendedSu field Diagrams Extended
W dWood ShavingsWood X
SharpenerPointed Graphite
Paper
Can also envision:•Lead tearing paper•Line too fine•Line too broadSharpener Graphite •Line too broad•Pencil dullX
XGraphiteGraphite Shavings
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IdealityIdeality
Value = Benefit / Cost/
Ideality = Fu / (Fh + Fc )
Useful Functions Harmful Functions Cost Function
If (Fh + Fc ) = 0 then Ideality = Infinity
The ideal system, sub‐system, or component does not exist but its function is performed.
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Ideal WaysIdeal Ways
• Ideal Way #1l h d f h f f d– Eliminate the need for the function of an item and, therefore, the item itself.
• Ideal Way #2Ideal Way #2– Perform the function of the item but eliminate the item itself.Use resources to perform the function– Use resources to perform the function.
• Ideal Way #3– Make the item itself eliminate a harmful action orMake the item itself eliminate a harmful action or perform a new function without any complication or deterioration.
– Use resources to eliminate harmUse resources to eliminate harm.
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Where Might It End?Where Might It End?
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Impact Universal SocketsImpact Universal Sockets
• Older designs use pins g pand blocks to transmit torque at an angle. These were failureThese were failure points.
• Applying the TRIZApplying the TRIZ principle of ideal way #2 led to the ability to t it t t
Block Pins
transmit torque at an angle without blocks and pins.
No Block & No Pins
p
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TRIZ ProcessTRIZ Process
Problem Problem Problem Evaluate
• State initial situation
• Detection/ Measurement
• Contradiction Matrix
Definition Classification Solving Concepts
• Analyze situation
• Analyze f ti
Measurement
• Conflict
• Harmful Action
Matrix
• Separation rules
• ARIZ
Implementation
functions• Apply ideal
ways• Look for
Action
• Absent Action
• Technological Forecast
ARI
• Direct ways
• Indirect ways
• Special wayscontradictions
Special ways
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Look For ContradictionsLook For Contradictions
• Defining characteristic of an inventive problem.
• Conventional solution – Compromise/Trade‐off
A B
• Breaking contradictions typically leads to• Breaking contradictions typically leads to intellectual property.
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Look For ContradictionsLook For Contradictions
• Contradictions can be classified as technical or physical.– For technical contradictions improving one system p g ycharacteristic causes another to deteriorate.
• Increased acceleration Greater fuel consumption• The contradiction matrix may be useful.
– For physical contradictions a characteristic must be d bpresent and absent.
• A linkage needs to be rigid and flexible.
S ti l th t l f h i• Separation rules are the tool of choice.
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The Contradiction MatrixThe Contradiction Matrix
• All too often… – The only tool associated with TRIZ.
– Applied prematurely and inappropriately.
• Altshuller developed lists of 39 design parameters and 40 inventive principles (or operators).
• Altshuller then created a 39 X 39 matrix. The rows represent parameters that we want to change, and the l t th t i ht b i fli tcolumns are parameters that might be in conflict.
• Matrix intersections contain the inventive principles that have been used to break the contradictionthat have been used to break the contradiction.
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Ratcheting Box WrenchesRatcheting Box Wrenches
• Using a traditionalUsing a traditional box end wrench in a constrained area can be slow.
• A socket and ratchet is typically much faster butmuch faster but may not fit.
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The Contradiction MatrixThe Contradiction Matrix
Parameter in Conflict
3 4 5
4. Length of stationary object: the linear measure of an object’s length, height, or 3 4 5
moving ob
ject
ationary object
oving ob
ject
measure of an object s length, height, or width in the direction for which no observed movement occurs.
25 Waste of time: increase in the
Length of m
Length of sta
Area of m
o
e 30, 24,
25. Waste of time: increase in the amount of time needed to complete an action.
ter to Im
prove
24 Loss of information 1, 26 26 30, 26
25Waste of time15, 2, 29
30, 24, 14, 5
26, 4, 5, 16
, ,14, 5
Parame
26Amount of substance29, 14, 35, 18
15, 14, 29
Potential operators to consider:Potential operators to consider:30 ‐ Flexible film or thin membranes24 ‐Mediator
14 ‐ Spheroidality5 ‐ Combining (integration)
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Ratcheting Box WrenchesRatcheting Box Wrenches
• This contradiction can be eliminated by combining aThis contradiction can be eliminated by combining a box end profile with a ratcheting mechanism.
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Contradiction Matrix CaveatsContradiction Matrix Caveats
• DO NOT short circuit the problem definition stepDO NOT short circuit the problem definition step.• Be sure to develop a thorough understanding of the conflict(s) investigated.the conflict(s) investigated.
• The design parameters and the inventive principles are worded generically and have p p g yparticular definitions/descriptions. Use them!
• Posing alternative contradictions may help.• Interpretation requires abstraction to go from your case to a general case and specialization to
b k iget back again.
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Conditions for Separation RulesConditions for Separation Rules
F h i l t di ti h t i ti• For physical contradictions, a characteristic must be present and absent.
• Contradictions exist only in time and space
• To eliminate the contradiction, contradictory requirements must be separated.
• Separation rules work best for basic functions.Separation rules work best for basic functions.
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Separation RulesSeparation Rules
• Consider:• Consider:– Separation in Time
S ti i S– Separation in Space
– Separation between components and the whole
– Separation between parameters or upon condition
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Separation Rules
Separation in Time
The “Contradiction”The Contradiction
Separation in Space
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Separation Between Parts & WholeSeparation Between Parts & Whole
A characteristic has one value at the system level andA characteristic has one value at the system level and the opposite value at the component level.
The chain is flexible but the link is rigidThe chain is flexible but the link is rigid.
A characteristic exists at the system level and does not exist at the componentand does not exist at the component level (or vice versa).
Epoxy resin and hardener are liquids asEpoxy resin and hardener are liquids as components but solidify when mixed.
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Separation Based on ConditionSeparation Based on Condition
Characteristic is high under oneCharacteristic is high under one condition and low under another.
Flow is high with liquids and low forFlow is high with liquids and low for solids.
Characteristic is present under one condition and absent under another.condition and absent under another.
The circuit is closed with movement in the room and open when there isn’tthe room and open when there isn t.
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ARIZ – Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving
• The concepts studied thus far are very helpfulThe concepts studied thus far are very helpful but can be perplexing for complex problems.
• Altshuller (and later others) developed this• Altshuller (and later others) developed this algorithm to help users make informed choices in applying the tools effectivelychoices in applying the tools effectively.
• Each step is designed to modify the initial d di f k iunderstanding of a system to make getting to
a solutions easier.
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ARIZ – Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving
• ARIZ consists of four parts :ARIZ consists of four parts. :– Part 1 – Formulation of system conflicts.
Part 2 Analysis of the system conflicts and– Part 2 – Analysis of the system conflicts and formulation of a mini‐problem.
– Part 3 – Analysis of available resources– Part 3 – Analysis of available resources.
– Part 4 – Development of conceptual solutions.
• Unfort natel a more detailed treatment ill• Unfortunately a more detailed treatment will have to wait for another day.
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Where have we been?Where have we been?
• We have• We have … – Introduced the history and foundations of TRIZ.
Di d h TRIZ fit i t bl l i– Discussed how TRIZ fits into problem solving processes, and
Introduced fundamental tools and techniques– Introduced fundamental tools and techniques.• Function analysis
• Ideal ways• Ideal ways
• Contradiction resolution
• ARIZ
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Questions?Questions?
5/5/2010 45
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ReferencesReferences
• Fey, V., Rivin, E., Innovation on Demand – New ey, ., , ., o at o o e a d eProduct Development using TRIZ, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2005
• Gharib, A., lecture notes, 2007• Kaplan, S., An Introduction to TRIZ – The Russian Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, Ideation International, Inc., Southfield, MI, 2005T i k J Z A Zl ti B S t ti• Terninko, J., Zusman, A., Zlotin, B., Systematic Innovation – An introduction to TRIZ, St. Lucie Press Washington D C 1998Press, Washington, D.C., 1998