SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TROPHY HUNTING ON OF TROPHY HUNTING ON

COMUNITIES IN GILGIT BALTISTANCOMUNITIES IN GILGIT BALTISTANBYBY

SHER BAHADUR (M.Sc) ZOOLOGYSHER BAHADUR (M.Sc) ZOOLOGY

KARAKORAM INTERNATIONAL KARAKORAM INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY,GILGITUNIVERSITY,GILGIT

SUPERVISOR: SUPERVISOR:

MRS. MRS. JAMILA BAIGJAMILA BAIG

CO-SUPERVISOR: CO-SUPERVISOR:

MR. SABIR MR. SABIR HUSSAINHUSSAIN Department of Biological Sciences Department of Biological Sciences

KARAKORAM INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY KARAKORAM INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Gilgit - Baltistan Gilgit - Baltistan

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Trophy HuntingTrophy Hunting

Trophy hunting is a form of Trophy hunting is a form of sport hunting where people sport hunting where people enjoy nature with fulfilling enjoy nature with fulfilling their desire of hunting wild their desire of hunting wild animals. The animals animals. The animals selected as trophies have selected as trophies have large horns (36” or more). large horns (36” or more).

Hunter with trophyHunter with trophy

Community-based Trophy Hunting Community-based Trophy Hunting Programs (CTHPsPrograms (CTHPs))

in in GILGIT BALTISTANGILGIT BALTISTAN

CTHPs were developed by IUCN between CTHPs were developed by IUCN between 1995 and 1999 . A CTHP involving two 1995 and 1999 . A CTHP involving two species of species of Caprinae Caprinae (wild goat and sheep), (wild goat and sheep), markhor and Asiatic ibex, was developed to markhor and Asiatic ibex, was developed to provide an economic incentive for provide an economic incentive for communities to conserve biological diversity, communities to conserve biological diversity, including habitat for wildlife. Programs have including habitat for wildlife. Programs have been implemented in each of the areas the been implemented in each of the areas the Hushey Community Conservation Area Hushey Community Conservation Area (CCA) in eastern Baltistan, the SKB trophy (CCA) in eastern Baltistan, the SKB trophy hunting area along the Indus River in hunting area along the Indus River in western Baltistan, the area of Gojal, and the western Baltistan, the area of Gojal, and the nearby KVO CCA to be opened for blue nearby KVO CCA to be opened for blue sheep sheep (Pseudois nayaur) (Pseudois nayaur) hunting.hunting.

CCHA IN G.BCCHA IN G.BName of CCHAName of CCHA Area (Sq Area (Sq

km)km) Khyber HunzaKhyber Hunza 323 323 Bar Gilgit Bar Gilgit 906 906 Shinaki Gilgit Shinaki Gilgit 233 233 Gulkin HunzaGulkin Hunza 103 103 Karumber GhizerKarumber Ghizer 647 647 Hoshey GhancheHoshey Ghanche 582 582 Astore DiamerAstore Diamer 696 696 S.K.B SkarduS.K.B Skardu 1981 1981 K.V.OK.V.O 650 650

Gulmit/MinapinGulmit/Minapin 210 210 Sakwar/Jutial/BarmasSakwar/Jutial/Barmas 75 75 Sikanderabad/JafferabadSikanderabad/Jafferabad 44 44

HUNTING AREASHUNTING AREAS: (G.B): (G.B)

Bunji, Bunji, Skardu, Skardu, Astore, Astore, Shimshal, Shimshal, Krumber, Krumber, Bar, Bar, Shinaki, Shinaki, Kvo, Kvo, Khyber, Khyber, Gulkin, Gulkin, Hushe, Hushe,

Hunting SeasonHunting Season The hunting season for ungulate The hunting season for ungulate

species shall be form 1species shall be form 1stst November November to 31 March as per the provision in to 31 March as per the provision in the Northern Areas Wildlife Act the Northern Areas Wildlife Act 1975.The Chief Wild life warden 1975.The Chief Wild life warden amended this rule in 2006 and amended this rule in 2006 and extended the hunting period up to extended the hunting period up to 2020thth april. april.

Size of Trophy.Size of Trophy.

The minimum male trophy size for The minimum male trophy size for Himalayan Ibex, is 36inch.Himalayan Ibex, is 36inch. Astore Markhore 40inch.Astore Markhore 40inch. Blue sheep shall be 25 inch;Blue sheep shall be 25 inch;

Shooting of undersize, females and Shooting of undersize, females and year lings is an offence as per the year lings is an offence as per the Northern Areas Wildlife Act 1975.Northern Areas Wildlife Act 1975.

  

MARKHORMARKHOR

Permit Cost: Government permit Permit Cost: Government permit cost is US$ 40000-00 for each cost is US$ 40000-00 for each markhor. markhor.

IBEXIBEX

Permit Cost: Government permit Permit Cost: Government permit cost is cost is

US$ 2500-00 for each ibex.US$ 2500-00 for each ibex.

BLUE SHEEPBLUE SHEEP

Permit Cost: Government permit Permit Cost: Government permit cost is US$ 6000 for each Blue cost is US$ 6000 for each Blue SheepSheep

Objective of the studyObjective of the studyThe study was carried out to find out The study was carried out to find out

the following points.the following points. Socio –economic condition of Socio –economic condition of

communities of G.B.communities of G.B. Impact of trophy Hunting on Impact of trophy Hunting on

ecosystem and development of area.ecosystem and development of area. Protection and conservation of Protection and conservation of

endangered specie.endangered specie.

Material and MethodsMaterial and Methods

The study was carried out in the trophy hunting areas The study was carried out in the trophy hunting areas of G.B which comprised of 97347 person.of G.B which comprised of 97347 person.

The study was conducted through random sampling of The study was conducted through random sampling of communities and owners with the help of list prepared communities and owners with the help of list prepared from voters list .from voters list .

10 communities were randomly selected to collect the 10 communities were randomly selected to collect the data from entire area.data from entire area.

Interviews were conducted on the basis of especially Interviews were conducted on the basis of especially designed questionnaires and schedule.designed questionnaires and schedule.

The questions were asked and filled in by an The questions were asked and filled in by an interviewer in a face to face interview with interviewer in a face to face interview with respondent.respondent.

Map of Study AreaMap of Study Area

RESULTSRESULTS

There is no apparent difference in There is no apparent difference in opinion of respondents. almost all opinion of respondents. almost all respondents have same perceptions respondents have same perceptions about general effect of the conservation about general effect of the conservation of wildlife and trophy hunting projects of wildlife and trophy hunting projects upon the area.upon the area.

Majority 90% of the the local Majority 90% of the the local community members were the view that community members were the view that the project had brought positive change the project had brought positive change in the income of the project area.in the income of the project area.

Trophy hunting trend of Trophy hunting trend of Ibex in Gilgit Baltistan.Ibex in Gilgit Baltistan.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Ibex Quota 5 5 15 15 15 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

Hunt 5 1 4 14 5 6 8 11 24 23 29 30 26 11

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

THE HUNTING SEASON2007-2008THE HUNTING SEASON2007-2008 Name ofCCHA

NameofSpp.

Nationality Govt Share(20%) Community Share(80%)

Pakisani

Hunting Fee. Foreigner. Hunting Fee(US$0 Rs US$ Rs US$

KVOKVOShamshal

IbexBlueSheepBlueSheep

5---

250000---

631

1200150005000

50000 240030001000

200000 9600120004000

Khyber Ibex 3 150000 3 6000 30000 1200 120000 4800

Gulkin Ibex - 3 6000 1200 4800

Karaber Ibex 3 150000 3 6000 30000 1200 120000 4800

Bar Ibex 1 2000 400 1600

Hushay Ibex 2 2400 800 3200

Kachuar Ibex 1 2000 400 1600

Basho Ibex 1 2000 400 1600

SKB Markhore 1 25000 5000 20000

Bunji Markhore 1 25000 5000 20000

Total 09 450000 20 110000 90000 22000 360000 88000

THE HUNTING SEASON2008-2009THE HUNTING SEASON2008-2009 Name ofCCHA

NameofSpp.

Nationality Govt Share(20%) Community Share(80%)

Pakistani Hunting Fee. Foreigner. Hunting Fee(US$ Rs US$ Rs US$

KVOKVOShamshal

IbexBlueSheepBlueSheep

5---

275000---

54

120026000

50000 25005200

200000 100020800

Khyber Ibex 1 5000 1000 4000

Gulkin Ibex - 2 500 100 4000

Karaber Ibex 3 150000 3 6000 30000 1200 120000 4800

Hushay Ibex 3 7500 1500 6000

Basho Ibex 1 2500 500 2000

SKB Markhore 1 40000 8000 32000

Bunji Markhore 1 40000 8000 32000

Jutial Markhore 1 40000 8000 32000

Total 7 375000 19 176000 75000 35200 300000 140800

Wildlife Census, Community Wildlife Census, Community

Controlled Hunting AreasControlled Hunting Areas. . Name ofArea

Ibex IbexTrophySize

Markhore MarkhoreTrophySize

Blue sheep

K.V.O 220 15 ---- ---- ----

Khyber 215 12 ---- --- ---

Hoshey 1100 90 ---- ----- --

SKB 60 15 50 02 ---

Astore/Bunji

100 10 85 06 95

Shinaki 80 10 --- --- --

Gulkin 160 25 --- --- ---

Bar 350 50 ----- ---- ----

Karumbar 407 35 ------ ---- ----

Total. 2672 262 135 08 95

Conclusion Conclusion Through the study we concluded that these Through the study we concluded that these

types of project are very beneficial for the types of project are very beneficial for the local communities and also for the local communities and also for the improvement of environment.improvement of environment.

Through the conservation of wildlife and Through the conservation of wildlife and trophy hunting projects the people are well trophy hunting projects the people are well aware about the wildlife and environment.aware about the wildlife and environment.

The people want to protect the animals for The people want to protect the animals for recreational value.recreational value.

The Local person gets employment through The Local person gets employment through the Trophy hunting.the Trophy hunting.

The Local people are also getting training in The Local people are also getting training in hunting and conservation activities.hunting and conservation activities.

RecommendationsRecommendations

Communities are to be involved in Communities are to be involved in the management of natural the management of natural resources like trophy hunting resources like trophy hunting considering them to support the considering them to support the conservation.conservation.

The distribution of quota should be The distribution of quota should be made through a transparent made through a transparent mechanism involving community mechanism involving community representatives.representatives.

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Acknowledgment

I am grateful to Mrs.Jamila Baig (Supervisor) Mr.Sabir Hussain SDFO (Co-Supervisor) Ghulam Tahir (Directore)KNP GB Ghulam Muhammad (D.F.O) WILD LIFE DEPARTMENT G.B

THANK THANK YOUYOU