true or false 1. people everywhere return favors. 2. the dna in chimpanzees is 99.4 % the same as...

True or False

1. People everywhere return favors.2. The DNA in chimpanzees is 99.4 % the same as that in humans.3. Even complex human traits are determined by a single gene4. Fraternal twins are genetically no more similar than ordinary brothers

and sisters.5. Adoptee’s traits such as extroversion and agreeableness bear more

similarities to their adoptive parents than to their biological parents6. Child neglect and abuse and even parental divorce are rare in adoptive

homes.7. Eating disorders are primarily a contemporary Western cultural

phenomenon.8. If after a worldwide catastrophe only Icelanders or Kenyans survived, the

human species would suffer a huge reduction in its genetic diversity9. Men judge women as more attractive if they have a youthful

appearance, and women prefer men who are mature, dominant, and affluent.

10. A culture with gender equality is a culture with larger gender differences in mate preferences

Unit 3C:Biological Bases of Behavior:

Genetics, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavior

Unit Overview

• Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences

• Evolutionary Psychology:

• Understanding Human Nature

• Reflections on Nature and Nurture

Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences

Introduction

• behavior genetics–heredity vs. the environment

LO #1

Chromosomes

23 from egg and 23 from sperm combine at conception into how many pairs?

Genes: Our Codes for Life

• chromosome

• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

• genes–active (expressed)

vs. inactive

• genome

Video: Ethics in Human Research: Violating One’s Privacy

Vol. 1, DVD1 (An Introduction to Psychological Science) Clip #3, 7:00

Twin and Adoption StudiesIdentical vs. Fraternal Twins

• identical twins (mono-zygotic)

• fraternal twins (di-zygotic)


mono-zygotic


mono-zygotic di-zygotic

Identical vs. Fraternal:

You make the call!

Twin and Adoption StudiesSeparated Twins, p. 97

• U of MN studies on identical twins separated at birth (Jim and his brother Jim)

• anecdotal evidence(coincidental similarities)

• “virtual twins”(same-age biologically unrelated siblings)

Twin and Adoption StudiesBiological vs. Adoptive Relatives*

• genetic relatives, p. 99

(biological parents and siblings)

• environmental relatives(adoptive parents and siblings)

*Are adoptees more like biological parents (who contributed their genes) or adoptive parents (who contribute a home environment)?

Exercise: Striking Similarities, p. 5

1. Pair off.

2. Distribute handout Handout 3C-2.

3. In less than five minutes, discover how many similarities you and partner can discover (don’t worry about differences).

Striking similarities have sometimes been found between twins who are reunited after years of separation.

GeneticsGenetics or or Chance?Chance?

Video: Nature vs. Nurture: Growing Up Apart

DVD 1 “Nature and Nurture” #9, p. 20

Heritability

• heritability–“difference among individuals”

LO #2

HeritabilityGroup Differences

• Heritable differences between individuals does NOT imply heritable group differences, p. 100

HeritabilityNature and Nurture, p. 101

• influence of adaptation (calloused feet)

• nature and nurture work together(chameleon)

• genes areself-regulating(genes react)

Gene-Environment Interaction

• genes and experience interact(pretty baby vs. ugly baby)

– evocative interactionsExamples:

1. Calm teacher gets angry with disruptivestudent.

2. Parents discipline siblings differently.

The New Frontier: Molecular Genetics

• molecular genetics–molecular behavior genetics

goal: • to find genes that influence normal human traits• to explore mechanisms that control

gene expression

–genetics and diseases(to isolate genes that cause disorders)

LO #3

Evolutionary Psychology: Understanding Human Nature

Natural Selection and Adaptation

• evolutionary psychology–natural selection

• mutation

• adaptation

• fitness

LO #4

Evolutionary Success Helps Explain Similarities

• Behaviors that contribute to survival are found throughout cultures


Outdated Tendencies

• Genetic traits which helped our ancestors survive may harm us todayp. 105


Evolutionary Psychology Today

• “the Second Darwinian Revolution”

An Evolutionary Explanation of Human Sexuality

Gender Differences in Sexuality

• studies suggesting men have a stronger tendency towards sex

LO #5

(study of adolescent males)

An Evolutionary Explanation of Human SexualityNatural Selection and Mating Preferences

• Differing preferences in partners–male preferences

–female preferences

(read p. 106)

Video: Evolutionary Psychology and Sex Differences

Vol. 2, DVD (The Developing Person, Clip 112, 4:10 min.)

Critiquing the Evolutionary Perspective

• Backward theorizing, p. 107

• Impact of social influencedeterminism

moral responsibility

rationalizing

LO #6

September 2, 2008

Dear Mr. Welch, I’m at UW Milwaukee and am taking a Psych 101 class. I was reading through the homework and came across this explanation of behavior according to evolutionary psychology:

Theorists claim that we have the ability to lie because our ancestors who could lie had an advantage: they could trick their naive companions into giving up resources. These more devious ancestors had more children who survived than did their non-lying contemporaries, and their lying children had more children, and so on until the ability to lie was inborn in all members of our species.

Just thought you might like to laugh at this attempt to explain sin.

Enjoy! God bless, Megen Bejvan

Three Current “Life” Issues

Abortion

Euthanasia

Cloning

When cloning goes bad pics

“So, when’s the test

gonna be?”

Teacher Information• Types of Files

– This presentation has been saved as a “basic” Powerpoint file. While this file format placed a few limitations on the presentation, it insured the file would be compatible with the many versions of Powerpoint teachers use. To add functionality to the presentation, teachers may want to save the file for their specific version of Powerpoint.

• Animation– Once again, to insure compatibility with all versions of Powerpoint, none of the

slides are animated. To increase student interest, it is suggested teachers animate the slides wherever possible.

• Adding slides to this presentation– Teachers are encouraged to adapt this presentation to their personal teaching

style. To help keep a sense of continuity, blank slides which can be copied and pasted to a specific location in the presentation follow this “Teacher Information” section.

Teacher Information• Hyperlink Slides - This presentation contain two types of hyperlinks. Hyperlinks

can be identified by the text being underlined and a different color (usually purple).– Unit subsections hyperlinks: Immediately after the unit title slide, a page (slide

#3) can be found listing all of the unit’s subsections. While in slide show mode, clicking on any of these hyperlinks will take the user directly to the beginning of that subsection. This allows teachers quick access to each subsection.

– Bold print term hyperlinks: Every bold print term from the unit is included in this presentation as a hyperlink. While in slide show mode, clicking on any of the hyperlinks will take the user to a slide containing the formal definition of the term. Clicking on the “arrow” in the bottom left corner of the definition slide will take the user back to the original point in the presentation. These hyperlinks were included for teachers who want students to see or copy down the exact definition as stated in the text. Most teachers prefer the definitions not be included to prevent students from only “copying down what is on the screen” and not actively listening to the presentation.For teachers who continually use the Bold Print Term Hyperlinks option, please contact the author using the email address on the next slide to learn a technique to expedite the returning to the original point in the presentation.

Teacher Information• Continuity slides

– Throughout this presentation there are slides, usually of graphics or tables, that build on one another. These are included for three purposes.

• By presenting information in small chunks, students will find it easier to process and remember the concepts.

• By continually changing slides, students will stay interested in the presentation.• To facilitate class discussion and critical thinking. Students should be encouraged to think about “what

might come next” in the series of slides.

• Please feel free to contact me at [email protected] with any questions, concerns, suggestions, etc. regarding these presentations. Kent KorekGermantown High SchoolGermantown, WI [email protected]

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Use this slide to add a table, chart, clip art, picture, diagram, or video clip. Delete this box when finished

Definition Slide

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Definition Slides

Behavior genetics

= the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

Environment

= every non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us.

Chromosomes

= threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

= a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

Genes

= the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein.

Genome

= the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes.

Identical Twins

= twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically-identical organisms.

Fraternal Twins

= twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment.

Heritability

= the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.

Interaction

= the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity).

Molecular Genetics

= the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes.

Evolutionary Psychology

= the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind,using principles of natural selection.

Natural Selection

= the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Mutation

= the random error in gene replication that leads to a change.

true or false 1. people everywhere return favors. 2. the dna in chimpanzees is 99.4 % the same as...

Documents

adoption studiesidentical

fraternal twinsmonozygoticdi

adoption studiesbiological

adoptive relatives

adoptive homes

single genefraternal

striking similarities

genetic relatives