trurty·first annual publication

THE

STATESMAN'S YEA,R BOOI{

1894

TrURTY·FIRST ANNUAL PuBLICATION

'fHE

YEAR-BOOK

ANI) HISrrOIlICAL AL ():b-'

THE OF THE WORT.I)

FO.R THE YEAR

EDITRD BY

J. SCOTT KELTIE

ASSISTANT SECRETARY TO THE nOYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY

THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL PUBLICATION

REVISED AFTER OFFIOIAL RETURJ.VS

l'Lontlon

AND CO.

AND NEW YORK

1894

Man sagt oft: Zahlen regieren die Welt,

pas abel' ist gewiss, Zahlen zeigen une sie regiert wird,

GOETHE.

ISBN 978-0-230-25323-0 (eBook)DOI 10.1057/9780230253230

PREFACEMv first duty is again to convey IUy warmest thanks to the

rnallY friends in all parts of the world who have co-operated

with me in the revision of the new edition of the YEAR-BoOK.

As the result of their help, it will be seen, the statistics of the

new edition have been almost entirely renewed, and many

important additions and corrections have been made,

With the help of 1\1'1'. -Iohn Leyland the sections dealing with

the navies of the various States have been entirely recast and

practically rewribteu. It is hoped that the data given in these

sections, combined with the Introductory Table on the Navies of

the "rorId, will be of real service at present when the question of

our naval position is exciting so much interest.

I am more than ever indebted this year to Mr. I. P. A.

Henwick for his invaluable co-operat.iou in the editorial

department.

J. S. K.OF 'THE Y BOOK, I

29 BEDFORD STHEET, STRAN n,

LONDON, \v.e.J/co1'u.;ary 28, 1894.

CONTENTSINTRODUCTORY

1. Customs Valuations in Different Countries

11. 'The Wheat Crops of the ,Vorld .

III. The 'Vorid's Production of Gold and SilverI \T. The British Empire

V. The Navies of the 'Yodel

Additions and Corrections

THE BRITISH EMPIRE.

Reigning Queen and Empress

PAGE

xxivxxviii

xxix

xxx

xxxii

To face 3

1. THE UNITED KINGDOj\l OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELA1\D-

PAUE

Coustitutiou and GOV"Cl'll-

ment 6Area and Population 14Religion . 28Instruction 33Justice and Crime 38Pauperism 40

PAGEFinance . 42Defence. ., 53Production and Industry. 66Commerce . . . 79Shipping and Navigation. 87Internal Communications" 90Money and Credit 95

II. ,INDIA, THE COLUN I PIWTJ<:CTOHA'l'ES, Al\D DEPENDENCIES-

EUROPE

GIBRALTAR.

1IAI,TA

ASIA--ADBN AND PERrM

HAHltEIN ISLANDS

BOltNEO (BRITISH)

l'AGE

9899

100100]01

Constitution and Govern-ment 103

Area and Papulation. 103Religion . 104Instruction. 104Justice and Crime 105Pauperism 105

Vll1 THE STATES1\IAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 189<1

PAGECEYLON-

FiLancc 105Defence. .. 106Production and Industry 106Commerce 106Communications 108Money and Credit 108Money, 'V eights) and

]1easures 108Dependency 108Books of Reference 108

CYPRUS 109

IIoNG l{OKG-

Constitution and Govern-mont 111

Area and Population 111Instruction 112.Jnstice and Crime 112Finance 112Defence. .. 113Commerce and Sl1ipI)ing 113Money and Credit. 114Mo-rey, Weights, and

Measures 114Roc ks of Reference 115

IXDIA AND DEPENDEXCIES

Government and Constitu-t.on 115

Area and Population 118Heligion.. 125Instruction 127Justice and Crime 128Finance 129Defence. .. 133Production and Industry 135Commerce .. 140Shipping and Navigation. 145Internal Communications. 147Moneyand Oredit 150Money, Weights, and

Measures 151Books of Reference 152

BAJ.UClIISTAN 154

SIKKIM 156ANDAMAN AND NrCOBAlt

ISLANDS 157

LACCAPIVE ISLANDS 157

KAMAnAN ISLAND 157

LABUAN 158

PAGE'I'nn STRAITS SETTLEMENTS-


Area and Pcpulation . 159Instruction 160Justice and Crime 161Finance 161Defence 162Production and Industry. 162Commerce 162Shipping and Navigation. 16-1Communications. 164Money and Credit 164Money, Weights, and


AFIUCA-

ASCENSION ISLAND 166BASUTOLAKD 166BECHUANALAND • 167CAPE OF GOOD HOl'E-


Area and Population 170Rcligion 171Instruction 171Justice and Crime 172Pauperism 172Finance 172Defence 173Production and Industry 173Commerce. . 174Shipping and Navigation. 175Internal Communications . 176Banks 176Money, Weights, and


CENTRAL A:FRICA (BRITISH) 177EAST AFRICA (BUITISH) 1791\1AURITIUS-


Area and Population. 182Finance 183Defence 183Commerce 183Shipping and Communica-

tions 184Money, Weights, and

184Dependencies . 184Books of Reference 185

COXTENTS IX

PAGENATAL-


Area and Population 186Instruction 187Finance 187Defence 187Industry 188Commerce 188Shipping and Communica-

tions 189Books of Reference 189

NIGER TERRITOHIES 190On .. RIVERS PltOTECTORATE. 192,SOUTH AFJUCA (BIUTISH) 198ST. HELENA 195TnIsTAN D'AcUNHA 19ti'VEST AFRICAN COLOi\IES-

'I'un GOLD COAST 196LAGOS 197tjAMBIA 197SIEllRA LEONE. 197

ZANZlBAR-Sultan and Government ] 99Area and Population 200Religion 200Justieo 200Finance 201Army 201Commerce 2011300k8 of Refercll<':c 201

ZULULAKD 202

AME1UCA-

BEltMUDAS 203CANADA-


Area and I'opulatiou 207Religion 208Instruction 209Justice and Crime 210Finance 210Defence 212Production and Industry 213Commerce 214Shipping and Navigation. 218Internal Cormnunicatious . 218Money and Credit 219Money, Weights, and


rAGEAMERICA-

FALKLAND 222

G UlANA, BUTTISH 223

HOXDUltAS, BRITISH 224

N E'VFOUNDLAND AND LAB-RADOR . 225

Books of Reference of Newfoundland and Labrador 226

\VEST INDIES 227

BAHAMAS. 227

BARBADOS 227JAl\IAICA . 228

LEE\VARD ISLANDS 230

fl"RINIDAD 231

\VIND'VAItD ISLANDS 231

Statistics of West Indies 232Books of Reference of ,Yest

Indies 234

AUSTRALASIA. AND OCEANIA

FIJI-


Area and Population 235Religion 236Instruction 236Finance 236Production and Industry 237COlllmeree. 237Shipping and Communiea-

tions 238Money, 'Ycights, and

Measures 238nooks of Reference 238

GUIXEA, BRITISH 238Books of Reference 23!)

N lnv SOUTH ,VALES

Constitution and Govern-III cut 2;)9

Area and Population 241Religion 242Instruction 243Justice and Crime 243Finance 244Defence 245Production and Industry 246Commerce 249

x THE YEAR-BOOK, 189,1

NEW SOUTH WALES----··

Shi:pping and Naviga tion .Internal Communications.Money and CreditBooks of Reference

NE'V ZEALANDGovernment and Consti-

tutionArea and PopnlationRel[gion. .

Justice and CrimePauperismFiuluceDefenceProduction and Industry.Commerce . . .

and Navigation.Internal Communications.Money and CreditBooks of Reference

QUEENSLAND-

Constitution and Govern-IILcnt. . .

Area and Population .ReligionI ustruction.Jus.icc and Crime

uperism]11uance

Production and IndustryCommerceShipping and Navigation.Internal Communications.BanksBooks of Reference

SOUTH

Consti tntion and Govern-ment

Area and PopulationReligionInstructionJustice and CrimeDef'3nceFinanceProduction and IndustryCommerceShipping and NavigationCommunications .BanksBooks of Reference

PAGE

251251252253

254256258258259259260262262264267267268269

269270271272272272272273273274275275275275

276271'278278278279279279280281281282282

Constitution and Govern-mont

Area and PopulationReligion .InstructionJustiee and CrirnePauperism . . .Revenue.and Expenditure.Defence. . . .Production and IndustryCommerce . . .Shipping and Navigation.Internal Communications .Books of Reference

Constitution and Govern.ment

Area and Population.ReligionInstructionJustice and CrimeFinanceDefenceProduction and IndustryCommerceShipping and Navigatioll .Internal Communications.Money and CreditBooks of Reference

\VESTEltN A USTRALIA

Constitution and Govern-ment. . .

Area and Population.ReligionInstructionJ-ustice and CrimePauperismFinanceDefence. . •Production and Industry .CommerceShipping and Communica

tions1Ioney and CreditBooks of Reference

Australian DefenceAustralasian FederationBooks of Reference

PACIFIC ISLANDS.

PAGE

2822832.84284285285285286286287288288289

2892902922922932942952952962·99299300300

301302302303303303304304304305

306306306

307307308

309

CONTENTS

PART ']'HE SECOND.

FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

Xl

AFGTradeHooks of Reference

AFRICA: CENTRAL IN·ITEPENDENTSTATES-

SVDAX STATES

HnnNu

'VADAI - KANEM --nnn

EGYPTIAN SUDAN

DAHOMEY •

ARG]:NTINE REPUBLIC

Constitution and Govern-lUCId •

Area and PopulationReligion .InstructionJusticeFinanceDefence .Production and IndustryCouuuerce .Shipping and Navigatiou .In tarnal Cornmunications .Money and CreditMoney, Weights, and

Measures .Diplomatic Hepresenta ti yesHooks of Reference .

PAGE

31g31r;31G

317

3J8

319

320

322323324324

825a26327327329330330

331331331

PAGE

Pauperism 349Finance 349Defence . 354Production and Industry 358COllllncrce. 363Shipping and Navigation.Internal Counnunications . 3G61IollCY and Credit. 368Money, V\Teights, and

11ensures 370Diplomatic Representatives 371

A1\)) HEItZEtaJVl}';.A j7JBooks of Reference 372

BELGIU:M-Heiguing IGng . 37 jConstitution. and Goverll-

merit . 376Area and Population . 378Religion . 380Instruction 380Justice and Crime 38:2Pauperism 382Finance 383DefenceProduction and IndustryCommerce 387Shipping and Navigation. 390Internal Commuuications . 390Money and Credit. 391Money, ,Veights, and

Measures 392Diplomatic Representatives 392Books of Reference. 393

AusrrRIA-HUNGARY-Reigning Sovereign. . 333Constitution and Govern-

ment . 33::JArea and Population. 340Religion . 344Instruction 346Justice and Crime 348

BOLIVIA-Constitution and Govern..

llleutArea and Population. 395

XII THE STATESl\IAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1894

BOLIVIA-Religion, Instruction, and

Justice 6 396Finance 396Defence. .. 396Production and Industry 396Commerce .. 397Communications 397Money, Weights, and

Measures .. 397Consular Representative 398Books of Reference . 398

BRAZII,-Constitution and Govern-

ment 6 • •

Area and Population.Religion. 6 •

Instruction .Justice and CrimeFinanceDefence. . .Production and IndustryCommerce . . .Shipping and Navigation.Internal Comrnunications .Money and CreditMoney, Weights, and

Measures . .Diplomatic and Consular

Representa tivesBooks of Reference

CFIILE--Constitution and Govern-

lnent. . .Area and Population.Religion. . .InstructionJustice and CrimeFinanceDefenceIndustry .Commerce . . .Shipping and Navigation.Communications . .Money and CreditMoney, Weights, and

MeasuresDiplomatic and Consular

Representati vesBooks of Reference

PAGE

399401402402402403404405405406407407

407

408408

410411412412412413413414415416417417

417

418 ;418 I

CHINA-Reigning EnlperorGovernment .Area and Population:Religion. . .InstructionFinanceDefence. . .Production and IndustryCommerce . . .Shipping and Naviga tion .Internal Communications .Money, Weights, and

Measures . . .Diplomatic RepresentativesBooks of Reference 6 •

COLOMBIA-Constitution and Govern-

ment 6 • •

Area and Population.Religion and EducationFinance .Defence .ProductionCommerce . . .Shipping and Oommunica-

tions. .Money and CreditMoney, Weights, and

Measures . . .Diplomatic and Commer

cial RepresentativesBooks of Reference .

CONGO FREE STATEBooks of Reference

COREAGovernment .Area and Population:Religion and InstructionFiuanee .Defence. . . .Production and ConuuerceMoney . . 6

Books of Reference

COSTA RICA-Constitution and Govern.

11lCnt. . .

Area and Population.Religion and InstructionJusticeFinance

PAGE

419419420421422423423425425428428

429430430

433433434434435435435

436437

437

437438

439440

441441441441442442443443

444444444445445

CONTENTS xiii

COSTA RICA-

Defence. . .Industry and Commerce .Shipping and Communica-

tions .Money, Weights, and

Measures .Diplomatic and Consular

Representati vesBooks of Refereuce

DEN.1\IARK-

Reigning King . .Constitution and Govern-

mentArea and PopulationIteligion. .InstructionCrimefinance and DefenceProduction and IndustryCommerce . . .Shipping and Navigation.Internal CommunicationsMoney and CreditMoney, Weights, and


Representa ti vesColonies. .Books of Reference

ECUADOR-

Constitution and Govern-ment

Area and PopulationReligion and Instruction.Justice and CrimeFinanceJDefenceCommerce . . .Shipping and N aviga tion .Internal Communications.Money and Credit"Weights and MeasuresDiplomatic and Consular

Representa tivesBooks of Reference

FRANOE-Constitution and Govern ..

ment. . '''..A.l'ea and Population

I'AGE

445445

446

4-46

1146447

448

449451452453453453456456458458458

458

459459460

461461462462462463463464464465465

466466

467471

PAGE

FnANCE-

Religion . 47GInstruction 4-76Justice and Crime 478Pauperism 479Finance 479Defence. .. 484Production and Industry. 492Commerce . . . 496Shipping and Navigation. 499Internal Communications. 501.Money and Credit [102Money, Weights, and

Measures . . . 503Diplomatic Representatives 504Books of Reference. . 504

ANDORRA 505

COLONIES AND DEPEND..ENCIES 506

ASIA-

INDIA 508

FRENCH INDO-CHI:K/... 508

ANNAM 509

CAMBODIA 509

509TONQUIN 510

AFRICA--

ALGERiA-

Government 510Area and Population 511Religion and Instruction. 511Crime 511Finance 512Defence 512Industry . 512Commerce . . . 513Shipping and Communica..

tions ,1)14Money, ","eights, and


FRENCH CONGO AND GABUN 515

GOL-n COAST TERRITOlUES :515

MADAGASCAR-

Reigning Sovereign 516Government 516

XIV rrHE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1894

MADAGASCAR-

Area and PopulationReligion and EducationJusticeFinanceDefence. . .Production and Industry.Commerce . . .Shipping and Communioa-

tions. . .Money and Banks .Consular and other Re

presentativesBocks of Reference

Dnt,}o·SUAREZ, Nossr-nn,ST. ].{ARIE

:NfAYOTTE AND THE COMOROISLANDS

REUNION

OBOCK

SEN.EGAL, RrVIERES DU SU]),THE SETTLEMENT ON

THE GUINEA COAST,THE FRENCH SUDAN,AND THE FRENCH SAHARA

TUNIS-

BeyGovernmentArea and PopulationFinance .Industry .CommerceMoney, Weights, and

MeasuresBooks of Reference

AMERICA-

GUADFlLOUPE AND DEPEND..ENCIES

GUL\.NA

11AJ,:TINIQUE

ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON

A.USTRALASIA AND OCEANIA

NE'" CALEDONIA AND DE..Pl:NDENCIES

SOCIETY ISLANDS ANDNEIGHBOURING GROUPS

FAGE

516517518fi18518518519

519519

519520

520

521

521.121

522

523523524524525525

526526

527527

527

528

528

528

GERMANReigning Emperor and

King .Oonstitution and Govern-

ment. . .Area and PopulationReligion. . .InstructionJustice and CrimePauperismFinanceDefence. . .Production and Industry.Commerce . . .Shipping and Navigation.Internal Communications110ney and Creditl\loney, Weights, and

Measures . . .Diplomatic Represen ta ti ves

FOREIGN

rrOGOLANIJ

CAMEROONS

GERMAN SOUTH - 'VESTAFRICA

GERMAN EAST AFRICA

IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC

STATES OF GERMANY-

ALSACE-LoRRAINE

Constitution .•Area and Population .Religion, Instruction, J us-

tice and Crime, Poor ..relief

Finance. . .Production and Industry.

ANHALT

Reigning DukeConstitutionArea and PopulationFinance

BADEN-

Reigning Grand-DukeConstitution. .Area and Population .Religion and InstructionFinance. . .Production and Industry •-Communications •

PAGE

530

531534538539541542543545552556560562564

565565566567567

568

568

569

570571

572572572

572573573574

574575575576577577578

CONTENTS xv

PAOli:

BAVARIA-

Reigning King [,78Regent " ;)'78Constitution <111<1 Govern-

mont :;79Area and Population. EiSOReligion 582Instruction . . . 582J'ustic«, Crime, and Pauper-

ism 582,F1nancc 583Army . '. 588Production and Industry 584

BRI!:MEN-

Constitution 585Area and Population. n85Iteligion, Justice, and

Crime 585586

Commerce and Shipping 586

L'NS\VICK---

Hegcnt 586Constitution ;')87

and Population. i:i87]i Inancc. " 588Production and Industry 588

I-IAMBUltG-

Constitution 5S8Area and Population. . 589Religion, Justice, Crime,

and Agriculture 590Finance 590Commerce and Shipping 590

]-1ESSE-

Reigning Grand·Duke 592Constitution 593Area and Population. 593Religion and Instruction 593Finance 594Production and Industry 594

LIPPE-

Reigning Prince 594Constitution 594Area and Population . 595Finance and Industry 595

PAGELUBECK-

Constitution 595Area and Population. 59GIteligion, Instruction, tT us-

tice, and Pauperism 596Finance 596Couuuorcc and Shipping fin7

)1 ECKLENBURG-SCHvVERIN

Reigning Grand-Duke 597Oonstitution 598Area and Population. 598Religion and Instruction 599Justice, Crime, and Pan-

perism 599Finance 599Production 599

1\1ECK!4ENBURG-STREI,ITz-Reigning Grand-Duke 600Constitution and Finance. 600Area, Population, &c. 600

OT,DENBURG--

Reigning Grand-Duke 601Constitution and Revenue. 602Area, and Population. 602Religion and Instruction 603Justice and Pauperism 603Production 603

PRUSSIA-

Reigning King. 604Constitution and Govern-

ment 606Area and Population. 610Religion 613Instruction 613Justice, Crime, and Pau-

perism 615Finance 615Army 617Production and Industry 618Commerce 619Internal Cornmunications . 619

SAXE-1VEIMAR-

Reigning Grand..Duke 620Constitution and Revenue. 620Area and Population. 621Religion, Instruction, Jus-

tice, and Crime 621Production 622

XVI THE STATES]'L\.N'S YEAR-BOOK, 1894

PAGE PAGESAXONY- GREECE-


lnent. .. 623Area and Population. 624Religion . 625Instruction 625Justice, Crime, and Pau-

perism . 626Finance. .. 626Production and Indnstry. 626Communications. 627

Reigning Prince . . 628Constitution and Finance. 628Area and Population. 628

THE THURINGIAN STATES

RBUSS, ELDER BRANCH 629

YOUNGER BRANCH 629

SAXE-ALTENBURG 630

SAXE-COBURG AND GOTHA 631

SAXE-MEININGEN 632

SCHWARZBURG - RUDOLSTADT • 633

SCHWARZBURG -HAUSEN 633

Statistics-Area and Population 634Religion .. 635Crime and Pauperism 635Agriculture . 636

WAIJDECK-

Reigning Prince 636

WUltTTEMBERG-


ment .. 638Area and Population. 639Religion . 640Instruction .. 640Crime and Pauperism 640Finance . 640Army 642Industry.. 642Books of Reference. 643

Reigning King. 645Constitution and. Govern-

ment. .. 646Area and Population. 647Religion . 648Instruction 649Finance 649Defence. .. 651Production and Industry 652Commerce • • . 653Navigation and Shipping. 654Internal Communications. 655Money, Weights, and

1\1easures . . . 655Diplomatic Representatives 656Books of Reference . 656

Constitution and Govern-ment. .. 658

Area and Population. 658Religion . 658InstrucuonCrime 658Finance 659Defence. .. 659Production and Industry 659Commerce . . . 659Shipping and Communica-

tions 660Money, Weights, and

Measures 660Diplom.atic and Consular

Representatives 661Books of Reference 661

HAITI-Constitution and Govern-

ment. . .662Area and Population . 662Religion and Instruction. 662Finance 662Defence. . . . 663Commerceand Communica..

tions 663Money, 'Veights, and

664Diplomatie and Consular

Representatives 66·1Books of Reference 65'1

XVl1

HAvVAII-Reigning 110 uareh, Cousti-

tntion, and GovernmentArea and Population .Religion and InstructionFinanceCommerce, Shipping, and

ConnnunicationsCurrency.Diplomatic and Consular

Representa ti vesBooks of Reference

HOKDURAS-Constitution and Govern-

ruentArea and PopulationInstructionFinanceProduction and CommerceCommunications

Weights, andMeasures

Diplomatic and ConsularEepreseutatives

Books of Reference

Reigning KingConstitution aud Govern-

mentArea. and PopulatiouReligion .InstructionJustice and 'CrimePauperismFinanceDefenceProduction and IndustryCommerceNavigation and Shipping.Internal Communications.Money and .CreditMoney, Weights, and

MeasuresDiplomatic Reprcsenta ti yes

FOREIGN DEPENDENCIES

ABYSSINIA AND SHOA

Books of Reference

PAGE

Ho5(jotiGoGt5tj6

G67liGS

66S6tiS

669669069669669670

670

6706il

672

673676683690692694694699705708710711712

713713

71LI

715

716

JAPAN-

Reigning Sovereigu. .Constitution and Govern-

mentLocal GovernmentArea and Population.ReligionInstructionJustice and CrimePauperismFinanceDefenceProduction and IndustryCommerce . . .Shipping anel Navigation.Internal Communications .Money and CreditMoney, Weights, and

MeasuresDiplomatic Representa ti vcsBooks of Reference .

LIBERIA--


Area and Population.FinanceCommerceMoney, Weights, and


Representa ti vesBooks of Reference

LUXEJIBURG

Constitution and Govern-ment ..

Area and Papulation.Religion and InstructionJusticeState FinanceLocal FinanceDefenceProduction and IndustryCommerce . . .Shipping and Communica-

tionsMoney and Credit

PAGB

719

71972l72172372a723724724·726727728730730731

732732733

734734734734

735

735735

736

737738739740740741741742743

744744

XVlll THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1894-

rAGE PAGE

NICARAGUA-Constitution and Govoru-

ment. .. 797Area and Population. 797Instruction .. 797Finance. .. 797Industry and Commerce . 798Communications. 798Money, Weights, and

Measures . • . 798Diplomatic and Consular

Representatives 79£1Books of Reference 799

l\lEXICQ-Money, Weights, aud

Measures . . . 7,15Diplomatic and Consular

Representa ti ves 746Books of Reference 746

lHON'rENEGRO-Eeigning Prince 749(Iovcrnmou t 749.Area and Population '7Iteligion . 7:10Instructiou 751Justice, Crime, awl I'au-

perism". 751}"iuance 75"1Defence . 751Production and Industry. 751Conlmerce. 752Communications 752Jdoney 752Books of Reference . 752

110HOCCO-Reigning- SuI tan 753GoverUlnent 75jArea and Population 753Religion . 75·1Defence . 75,1Commerce 754Money, Weights, and

Measures. 755Diplomatic and Consular

Represcnta ti ves 756Books of Reference . 756

'NEPAL . 757

rrHE)-Reigning Sovereign. . 759Government and Constitu-

tion . 760Area and Population 763Religion . 765Instruction 766Justice and Crimp 767Pauperism 767

(THE)

FinanceDefence .Production andLndustry .Commerce . . .Shipping and Navigation.Internal Communications .Money and CreditMoney, ,Veights, and

Measures . . .Diplomatic and Consular

Representa tivesCOLONIES •

DUTCH EAST INJllES

Govcrnmcut and Coustitu..tion . . .

Area and PopulationReligion. .Instruction .Justice and CrimeFinance .Defence. . .Production and Industry .Commerce . . .Shipping and Communica-

tions. .Money and Credit1\Ioney, Weights, and

Measures . .Consular Representatives

DUTCH VolEST

DUTCH GUIANA, 011 SuRINAM •

CURAYAO.

Books of Reference .

768770772774777778780

781

782782

782783785785786786787788790

791791

791791

792

793

794

CONTENTS XIX

1'.\GE

. 800

ORANGE FREE

Constitution and GOVCl'll-

rnent . 801Area and Population. 801Religion . 80:2Instruction. 80:2Justice and Crime 802Finance 80:2Defence . 80:3Production and Industry 803Commerce 80;]Communications 804Books of Reference . bOJ

I)ARAG-UA\'-

PAGt;

PEHU--Constitution and Govern-

merit 819Area and Population. 819Religion . 820Instruction 820Finance 820Defence 822Industry 822Commerce. 823Shipping and Navigation. 824Internal Cornmunications . 824l\Ioncy, '''eights, and

Measures 825Diplomatie Representatives 825Hooks of Reference . 826

Constitution andITlCut. . •

Area and PopulationReligion, Instruction, and

Justice .Finance .Defence. .Production andCommerceCouununicationsMoney and Crcdit1\1011oy, 'Yeights, UIHl

AIeasul'es . . .Diplomatic and Consular

Re] Ireson tati yesHooks of Reference .

PERSIAReigning Shah.GovernmentArea and PopulationReligion .InstructionJusticeFinanceDefence. .Production and IndustryCouuuercoMoney and CreditCommunicationsMoney, Weights, an.l

Measures .Di plomatic Rcprcsentati vesBooks of Reference .

805805

806 '806806806807807807

808

808808

809810811811812,812812

81;381;)

815816

816817SIS

Reigning King.Constitution and Govern..

Incnt. . •Area and Population.Heligion •Instruction ..Justice and CrimeFinance •Defence. .Production and IndustryConnnerce. .Shipping and N avigation .Internal Communications .Money and Credit

'V eights, andMeasures

Diplomatic RepresentativesColonies. . . .Books of Reference .

Reigning King.Constitution and Govern-

Illent. .Area and Population.Religion .In structionFinance •DefenceProduction and Industry.CommerceShipping and Communi

cations.

827

82883083283383a83;1835sao8378398:39839

840840841843

844

81,184f)846846846847847848

849

xx THE ST.ATESJ\IAN'S YEAH-BOOI(, 1894

rAGE rAGE

Rou LA-

Money, "\tVeights, and1Ieasures. • . 849

Diplornatic and ConsularRepresentatives • 850

Books of Reference. 850

Shipping and Cornmuuica-Lions 918

Money, Weights, andMeasures 919

Di plomatic Representa ti vcs 919Books of Reference . 919

RUSSIA-Reigning Emperor .Constitution and Govern-

ment. . .Area and PopulationReligion .InstructionJustice' and CrimeFinance.Defence . . . .Production and Industry.CommerceShipping and Naviga tionInternal CommunicationsMonev and CreditMoney, Weights, and

l\Ieasures. . .Diplomatic and Consular

Representa tives

lfn';LANIJ

PopulationInstructionPauperism and CrimeFinance .IndustryCommerce . . .Shipping and NavigationInternal CommunicationsMoney, Weights, &c.

DEPENDEXCIES IN ASIA

BOKHARA

Books of Reforence.

SALVADOR-Constitution and Govern-

ment. . .Area and PopulationI nstruction and JusticeFinanceProduction and Commerce

851

853858863865868870878891897904905908

910

910

911

911912912912912a912b912b912c912c

912c914915

917917917917918

.

SANTO D01IINGO-


Area and Population.Religion and InstructionJusticeFinanceDefenceProduction and IndustryCommerceShipping and Communi

cations.Money, Voleights, and


RepresentativesBooks of Reference

SERVIA-

Reigning Sovereign andFamily. .


Area and PopulationReligionInstructionJustice and CrimePauperismFinanceDefenceProduction and IndustryComrnerceCommunicationsMoney and CreditMoney, Weights, and


RepresentativesBooks of Reference

920

921921922922922922922923

923

923

924924

925

925926927927928928928929930931932932

932

932933

CONTEXTS XXI

1',\OE rAGE

SIAl\I-

ltcigning King. 934Government.. n:34Area and Population 935Finance. .. n:36Defence. .. D::H)Prodnction and Industry D36Commerce . . . H::::7Shipping and Communica-tions. 988

,V eights, andMeasures . . .

Diplomatic and ConsularRepresentatives. 939

Books of Reference . 939

SOUTH AFRICAN REPURLIC-Constitution and Govern-

THellt. .. 940Area and Population. 9,-10Religion , 941Instruction 941Finance . 941Defence. .. 941Production and Industry. 942Commerce .. 942Communications 042Books of Reference . 943

S\VAZILAND 943

Reigning Sovereign .Queen Regent . -. .Govermncnt and Constitu-

tion ..Area and Population.Religion .InstructionFinance .Defence. . .Production and Industry .Commerce . . .Shipping and Navigation.Internal Communications .Money and CreditMoney, Weights, and

Measures . . .Diplomatic and Consular

Representa ti vesCOLONIES.

CUBA AND PonTO RICO

PHILIPPIXE ISLANDSBooks of Reference .

94';)

9489,199509509:1'29559.5;')9579.18958 !

958

9589;-)9

959 !

961962

S'VEDEN AND NOR'YAY-Heigning King. 9G2

S\VEDEX-

Constitution and Govern-lHent. .. 964

Area and Population. 966Religion. .. 969I11stl'llction. 969Justice and Crime 969

969Finance . 970Defence. .. 971Production and IndustrvCommerce . . . 974Shipping and Navigation. 976Internal Communications . 976Money and Credit 977

NOItWAY-

Constitution and Govern-n1ent. .. 978

Area and Population. 980Religion. .. 983Instruction. 983Justice and Crime 983Pauperism 984Finance 984Defence. .. 98DProduction and Industry. 987Commerce . . . 988Shipping and Navigation. 990Internal Communications. 991Money and Credit 992Money, Weights, and

Measures . • . 993Diplomatic Representatives 993Books of Reference. . 994

SWITZERLAKD

Constitution and Govern-ment. .• 995

Area and Population. 998Religion. . . . 1000Instruction. 1000Justice and Crime . 1001Finance . • 1002Defence. . . . 1004Production and Industry . 1006Commerce . . • 1007Internal Communications. 1008Money and Credit 1008

XXll THE STATESM:AN'S YEAR-ROOK, 1894

PAGES,rITZERLAND-

Weights, and. lOOn

Diplomatic and ConsularRepresentatives . 1009

Books of Reforeuce 1009

EGYPT-

Reigning Khedive . 1038<iovernment and Constitu-

tion . . 1039Area and Population . 1040Religion and Instruction . 1042-Jnstice and Crime . 1042Finance . I 1043

TURKEY-

Reigning Sultan . 1011Constitution and Govern-

ment . . 1013.Area and Population. . 1015Religion and Education . 1018Finance . . 1019Defence.. . 1022Production and Industry. 1026Commerce . . . 1027Shipping and Navigation . 1030Internal Communications. 1030Money, Weights, and

Measures . 1031

TRII:UTATI.Y STATES-

BULGAltlA • 1032Constitution and Govern-

IIlCnt. . . . 1032Area and Population. 1033Instruction . 1034Finance . 1034Defence. . . . 1034Production and Industry . 1035Oommerce. . 1035Shipping and Communica-

tions . . 1035J\Ioney and Credit . 1036

SAMOS. 1036Diplomatic and Consular

Representatives . 1036Books of Reference" . 1037

EGYPT-

Defence.. 10"16Production and Industry . 1046Commerce. • . . 10,18Shipping and Navigation. 1051Suez Canal. . 1052Internal Communications . 1054Money, Weights, and

1\1easures . . . 1054Diplomatic and Consular

Representatives . 105!)Books of Reference . 105;')

UNITED STATESConstitution and Govern-

ment . 1058Area and Population. . 1064Religion . . 1070Instruction . 1071Justice and Crime • 1074Pauperism • 1070Finance . . 107fiDefence. . . . 1079Production and Industry . 1084Commerce . . . 1090Shipping and Navigation. 1093Internal Communications . 1094Money and Credit . 1095Money, ",Veights, and

. 1096Diplomatic Representatives 1097Rooks of Reference 1097

URUGUAY-

Constitution and Govern ..ment .. 1100

Area and Population. . 1100Religion . . 1102Instruction 1102Finance . . 1102Defence. . . . 1103Production and Industry . 1103Commerce . . . 1103Shipping and Communica-tions.. . 1105

Money and Credit 1105Money, 'N eights, and

1Icasures .. 1106Diplomatic and I Consular

Representatives . 1106Books of Reference . 1106

• lOlOTONGA.

XXlllCONTENTS

PAGEVRNEZ1JELA-

PAOF.

1107· 1107· 1108

1109· 1100· lIOn

1110

1110

1111.

1112. 1112

Commerce • •Shipping and Conununica-

tions .Money, eights, an.l

Measures . . . 1112Diplomatic and Consular

Hepresontatlvcs .Hooks of Rd'C'l'C'llCn •

Constitution and Governmont .

Area and Population.Religion and InstructionJustice ana CrimeFiuanceDefence. .Production and Industry

rXDEX 111:1

INTRODUCTORY.

I.-CUSTOj\IS VALUATIONS IN DIFFERENT COUXTRIES.

THE following is a condensed translation of part of the Report issued inSepteInber, 1893, by Alfred Picard, President of the French PermanentComm.ission on Customs Valuations. The Report, which is founded on thereplies of French Diplomatic and Consular Agents to questions addressed tothem, describes briefly the systems adopted in various countries in thepreparation of their trade statistics' :-

In Germany, the average value of each article in the Customs list is fixedannually, under the direction of the Imperial Statistical Office, by a commissionof experts, who receive information from Chambers of Commerce and othersources. There are separate valuations for imports and exports. The pricefixed is that of the goods at the moment of crossing the frontier. For importsthe price does not include Oustoms dnties, cost of transport, insurance, warehousing, &0., incurred after the frontier is passed. For exports, the priceincludes all charges within the territory, but does not include export duties,DOl' are drawbacks or bounties taken into account. The quantities are determined according to obligatory declarations, and, for imports, the fiscalauthorities may actually weigh the goods. For packages, an official tare isdeducted. It is endeavoured also, as far as possible, to ascertain the trnecountry of origin or of destination of goods.

In the United Kinqdom. the system in force is a valuation of both importsand exports according to the bills of entry and the shipping bills, false declarations being punishable by fine. In case of imports, the control of theCustoms admlnistration, at least in so far as regards those articles which are

1 The Report is more fully reproduced in the Board of Trade Journal for November, 1893,from which the paragraph below relating to the United Kingdom is taken. The same numberof the Journal contains an account of the meeting of the International Statistical Instituteat Chicago in 1893, and incidentally mentions some features of the United States statisticalsystem not referred to in the following Report. In the Bulletin de l'Institut International deStatistique, Tome VII., I Iivraison, Rome, 1893, there is an article by Signor Luigi BodioH,·On the Discrepancies between the Trade Statistics of Various States," where the SUbjectis treated from the Italian point of view.

The French system of valuation does not fall within the purpose of this Report, but itmay be stated as follows :-The Commission Pertnamente des Valeut·s annually determinesthe values (caned actual values) whi.ch represent as nearly as l)Ossi.ble the average pricesof the different articles in the Customs Honse list during the year. The values fixed at theend of one year and applied to that year retrospectively, are applied also during the following year, at the end of which the provisional results thus obtained are revised accordingto new values definitely fixed by the Commission. Thus each year there are published firstthe provisional and later the definitive commercial statistics. A similar (not identical)system of revision is followed in other countries. It may be added that in Francemerchants are requested to state as exactly as possible the true country of origin or of des.tination of goods imported or exported whether by sea or land.

INTHOD1Tc;TORY xxv

subject to duty, is a guarantee of accuracy in the returns, but as regards theexports it is different, for merchants are only required to furnish their declarations within a period of six days after the sailing of the vessel, and the onlyproof of their accuracy, if proof be needed, lies in an inspection of the hillsof lading, the production of which the authorities have the right to demand.The valuation of imports and exports is checked in the Statistical Office of theCustoms (to which a copy of the (miry is sent), where the officials l)ossess aknowledge of current values and where market reports and lists of prices current are readily available to detect any departures from substantial accuracy inthis respect. [It should be noted that the important difference betweenthe 'United Kingdom and other systems is that the former shows the values atthe tirne of import and export, whilst in most other countries the values arecomputed at the prices of a year or 1110re before.]

For goods imported the practice adopted is generally to take the value atthe port of entry, including all incidental expenses up to the landing on thequay. For goods consigned to the English market for sale, the market valuein that country is that which is sought to be known and to be included in thereturns. This is ascertained from the declaration made by the importers, anais checked by the expert knowledge available in the Statistical Office, and bythe price-lists and market reports of the day. For exports the value at the

of shipment is taken. English statistics take cognisance only of theimmediate point of origin and destination, ana do not record the prirne originand ultimate destination of the goods.

In Austria the values are fixed annually by a permanent commission,comprising officials and representatives of agriculture, sylviculture, trade andindustry. In general, net values are taken for imports and gross values (without deduction of tare) for exports, and they must be determined at the crossing of the frontier. The commission has to fix them according to the countriesof origin or of destination, and only employ averagcs exceptionally. Quantitiesare declared, but the administration may, and in the case of imports alwaysdocs, check tho declarations. The weight declared is either net or gross, according to the tariff regulations.

In Belqiuan. a distinction, as regards valuation, must be made betweenimports subject to ad nalorcm. duties and other goods imported or exported.For the former, statistics are drawn up according to the values which haveserved as a basis for the calculation of the duties. ·For the others a commissionof five members availing themselves of Bourse and official quotations, &c.,fixes average values-without regard to countries of origin or destination.For imports the official values comprise the initial price and cost of transportto the frontier, but not customs duties or excise; for exports, they consist ofthe price at the place of production and the cost of transport to the point ofshipment, The quantities of goods subject to duty are strictly scrutinised ;but for goods free of duty, imports and exports, the declarations of the partiesinterested are generally accepted. When the gross weight is given an officialtare is deducted. In the case of goods subject to ad »aloreui duty the administration has :1 right of pre-emption at the declared value increased by 10 pel'cent. when the importers disagree with the fiscal authorities and are unwillingto risk a reference of the dispute to experts.

In Spain there is, under the Minister of Finance, a Commission of Tariffsand Customs, consisting of senators, deputies, officials, merchants, bankers,&c. For imports the values fixed are those on crossing the frontier before theimposition of Customs duties or other charges in the Peninsula, and for exportsthe values fire the frontier values, export duties being deducted. The Commission should revise its values annually. but the official returns seern stilldrawn up according to the tables of 1888. The quantities recorded should,

XXVI THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-ROOK, 1894

theoretically, be those determined by weighing 01' other effective means, bothfor exports and imports : but the officials, even for imports, often refrain from.such verification. The gross or Dot weight is given according to tariff regulations.

In tl.e United States the values are fixed not according to average prices,but according to invoices I or shipping papers, which the importers and exporters have to produce. For imports the invoices are signed by an AmericanConsul; for exports the shipping papers are signed by the authorities at thoport of shipment. The quantities are determined by declarations.

In italy there is a permanent central commission, comprising officialmembers, representatives of commercial corporations) &c. The values arcthose of the goods at the frontier, exclusive of import or export duties. Forimports and exports the parties interestecl declare the value of the goods,their quantity, and the country of origin or destination. For imports thorois recorded the gross weight in the case of goods subject to a duty of 20 francsper quintal (Ss. per cwt.) or less; the net legal weight ti.e. with dednc ..tion of an official tare) in the case of goods subject to duty of 20 to 40 francs

quintal (8s. l!d. to 16s. 3d. per cwt.}; the actual net weight in the caseof taxed at over 40 francs per quintal (16s. 3d. per cwt.). For exportsthe gros» weight is usually given. Inaccurate declarations arc punishable byflue if tho inaccuracies are prejudicial to tho Treasury.

In the Netherlands the statistics give sometimes the real, sometimes theofficial, value of goods. For goods liable to an ad »aloreni import duty andfor some articles duty-free, the importer has to declare the real value accordingto the prices current of the day; in case of disagreement, the fiscal authoritiesmay acquire the goods at the declared value increased by 10, 11, or 12 per cent.To other goo61s the official values, unchanged since 1862, arc applied. Everydeclaration of imports and of exports is, in principle, subject to verification,but in fact only those relating to goo(lf;; subject to duty are checked. Returnsare made ont in gross weight, in net weight (with deduction of an official tare),in number or in value according to the nature of each case. When goods areimported or exported by river the neighbouring country is always regarded asthe country of origin 01' of destination; thus imports really from France nreattributed to Belgium. When transport is by sea the country of origin or ofdestination is determined by the last point of shipment or the first point oflanding; thus French or Spanish wines are set down to the acconnt ofEnglanr..

In Iiussi« the Custom House agents fix the values of imports and exports,either en the basis of declarations of interested parties and documents insupport of them, or by reference to experts when the declarations arc untrustworthy or erroneous. 'I'hey are assisted also by price lists. The values ofexports are determined at the point of shipment exclusive of cost of transport,insurance, &0. The quantities of goods imported are determined by weighingor other effective means, as are also the quantities of goods exported whensubject to export duty. The declarations of shippers are sufficient in the case ofexports duty-free. The g1'OSS weight is always recorded except in those casesfor which the OllSt0111S regnlations have provided official tares. The Customsofficials never require the true country of origin or of destination. Theyrogister the port where the bill of lading is dated, for imports-and proceedsimilarly in the case of exports.

1 The values of imports being the values at the ports of shipment., the question of therate of exchange arises. Up to 1892, in the valuation of certain duty-free articles, the curr811CY at the port of shipment was taken at par; for 1893 corrections have (at least in thecase of entree) been made allowing for depreciation of currency.

INTHODTTCTORY XXVll

In Swil;:;erland for the majority of imports the values are fixed by a cornmission of from 25 to :30 experts, nominated by the Customs Department. lTpto ] 891 a single value was fixed for each class of goods. Since 1892 thecouuuission has to take into account tho difference of prices in differentcountries of origin. For other imports and for produce exported declarationsarc considered sufficient, subject to a reference to experts, the Berne StatisticalBureau frequently requiring explanations or rectifications. Certain articles,such as embroideries and pocket watches, are valued according to declarationsby the producers themselves, Of goods in general the returns show the netweight, but the declarations are required to state also the groAs weight. Onlyquantities of goods subject to duty are verified, and it is tho gross weightwhich is verified, as this only enters into the computation of the duty. I t issought to record as tho country of origin the country of production, andas the countrv of destination that in which the produce is to be consumed.When exact information not available the 1110st distant known points oftransit arc recorded.

xxviii THE RTATESIV[AN'S YEAR-ROOR, 1894

II.-THE "\VHEAT Cnors 0]' THE Woiu,n

The following table sh 0'''"s, for the chief wheat-producing countries, thewheat crops in 1893, and the probable exports and imports, with the totalsupply required for the year 1893-94, according to estimates laid before theAssociation nationale de In Meune'rie frameaise.

..• -

Countries Production 1_ F:llort, Imports Net Supply

Bushels Bushels Bllshels Bushels

United States 385,000,000 67,375,000 317,625,000Russia • i 353,897,500 96,250,000 257,647,500India 264,000,000 41,250,000 222,750,000Hunzarv . : 137,500,000 44:000,000 93,500,000AsiaKIinol': Persia! 60,500,000 8,250,000 52,250,000Argentina. .. 27,500,000 27,500,000Roumania , 000, 000 30,250,000 13,750,000Canada . .1 42,625,000 9,625,000 33,000,000Australia.. . 37,125,000 26,125,000 11,000,000Bulgaria. . _ 30,250,000 11,000,000 19,250,000Turkey, European I 27,500,000 5,500,000 22,000,000Algeria (\:Tunis. 26,125,000 2,750,000 23,375,000Chile . . 19,937,000 5,500,000 14,437,000Servia . . 8,250,000 5,500,000Egypt . .1 5,500,000 1,237,500 4,262,500France .. . 279,4:33,400 306,933,400Italy . . 115,775,000 31,900,000 147,675,000Germanv. . , 89,375,000 24,750,000 114,125,000Spain . "I 79,750,000 13,750,000 93,500,000

Kingdom 49,500,000 165, 000,000 214,500,000Austna. . I 44,600,000 39,875,000 84,475,000Belgium.. . 15,125,000 27,500,000 42,625,000Greece 6,875,000 4,125,000 11,000,000Netherlands 6,187,500 8,250,000 14,437,500Portugal 5,500,000 [,,500,000 11,000,000Sweden and l 4,675,000 2,750,000 7,425,000Norway j IDenmark . I 4,125,000 2,750,000 6,875,000Switzerland : I 4,12f.i, 000 12,375JOOO 16,500,000 I

I

Total .1 2•202,255, 400 366,025,000 2,188,917,900

'rIlE GOLD AND SILYEU l>HODeCTIOK XXIX

Il1.-Tlll·; \rUltLD'H PHUDUCTIUN UF GULl) A);lJ HILVElt.

_ followius; table, adapted 1'1'0111 that published by the Director of theUnited States Mint, shows the production of gohl uud silver in the differentcountries of the world in 1891 and 1892. Where statistics for these years arenot available, the estimate given is based all the production of the latest yeark.nown :-

Countries Gold1891

Silver]801

Gold18U2

Silver

1,391,516

Oz. Troy I

425,473 I

6,127,800 11

1,672, 443 21117,605 3i

182 13031886:793 3

1

1 655 789 1:, 42' 534 5

2 286' 411 v, 197:91&

58,010,72045,641,233

314,9731,547,154

Oz. 'I'roy

67,7083,537

4,565

1,139,032

3226,4303,215

24,595 7

147,89036,265 6 '

1,067,605

1,596,37654,62344,752 :3

7,909 3

0;.-;. Troy

444,2806,127,8001,672,4'13

117,605182,130886 793

1 655'789, 42,:534

2 286 411'291:761

2,407,360

1,391,516

58,340,74040,999,770

314,9731,547,154

479,6141,004,109

11,981:2122,276,027

8,954; 6 479,6] 4168,273 3 1,004,109

3,247 7 11,981,21269,508 \;I 2,276,02721,187 3

48 353:187: 062 3

26 ')34:J48'289 3

3:6:14 2,407,3604 501 6)

10,001,865 1,638: 490 I 13,441,4971

67,7083,537

4,565

3.954167,952

3 247 7

69:508 91

21,187 I

48,353 :87,062

26,234

148,289i3 6:144;001 61

322 5 '

G,4300,247

24,595120,691

36,265686,917

1,604,83248,38644,752

7,909

1,518,927

i 0;.-;. Troy

I1,167,045

Europe :Russia .Germany .Austria-Hungar,)'Sweden.'Norway .Italy('I •

•"paUl'I'urkcv

.Great Britain

Asia:Japan. .British India.Corea

Africa . .N arth America :

1Jnited States.Mexico .Canada. .

Central America.South America :

ArgentinaColumbiaBoliviaChileBrazil .Venezuela .British GuianaDutch Guiana.French GuianaPeruUruguay

An stralasia.

Total . 6,087,892 1144,451,886\6,327,5561152,090,308

1 Estimate of United States Mint Bureau. Hungary, 1891 ; Austria, 1890.3 Prod ce of 1891. -, 4 Produce of 1888. 5 Produce of 1880. 6 Produce of 1890.7 Calculated on the basis of exports in 1SnI R Produce of Imperial nunea in 1891.

1) Produce of 1889.

xxx IV. THE BRITISH

1,147,1;JfJ488,091

4,876004,425

:l,244,SGl

i)4G,UtiLi

3,700,570 '

1:21

SCi]0,29:-:171,000

221,310705

20,40047

:H;O218, !J02 41,OM) 3D,S:JS

liO,370 1415,293 154 6157

I 1,392,4;'5 1,280,9644)16 7,li91 7,445

2,700 50,000 ! :10,977 I 28,7401;'\000 1,.473,900 \ J

1

1,071 100,000 b8,421 8U,uL)18,000 180,000 ! SO,StiU 83,8:::':!

:357 j -;_l,U3JJ:!UG I

i I20 1fJ,I:m \ j :31,643

0,315, (;4-7 4, 833, I 7, ;jSO,esu : 7,554, G3li7,;')00 1, iSH II 11,4851 lO,fJ47

109,000 284,887 578,4liH7,;)02 :31,471 60,798 56058

1G2,200 (j H)7,934 ' I 28G:46S

4 4u0 47,;')U{; ;)0,704 63,222

701 127:023 141;472 131,74578'1 15li,:H1 133,242 143,100

__ :__571,442

• i

II

·1

- ...-...-.......------- --- -_ .. _--

.... 1 'PoPulation I Revenue 'ExpellllitlU'c

.-.

I

:. 1,OG8.,H14 G7,;ill,SOO ;:'7,210,170___ . _

! 1,800,2::";) ;J7,;)11. ,::lOU :J7,:nO,17o

1'0 2\Sl50 ;"ll:5,iB:J 7:2,183lLiG,titi:? _ 2HT,:j71

HJl/131 I80 I 41,910

I 3,008,406 1,19;,),385\ 221,441 I 4GG0'28

- J,8[)0 I 0::-nl

United KingdomIndia:-

British I::ldia 1 :! •_Feudatory States

Tob1 India .COLONIES-

Europe ;-Gibraltar . •Malta and Goza •

Total Europe

Aden and PerimCeylun > •Hong Kong 3Labuan a • • •Straits lSettlement,::;4 •

'I'ot.il Asia .Africa t-:«

Ascension .Basutoland .Bechuan:llau(lCape Colony:i\lauritilW:! .Natal. .lSt. Helena. .

fVest African Colonies i-«

Gambia .Gold Coast •Lagos. .8iciTa Leone

3,614,338 0,7UO,H17 ;

7,74090,000

310,700104,470i.hl8,GOO903,090

.)(-) 91G87;884

075,H20

:1,17;\UD7,174,1759,OD3,40li

4,28;j,297 I19,588,040 I 50,116,209

344,913,874 1 198,023, 386

01,Li5:!4,[)OO

10,536,8204,044,Li90:-3,557,6202,u60,flfW

919 8028,482;917

__

50,438,;)17198,023,852

I

1892-93 XXXI

s ,t,U::,4£.Jli :!,")5,aS7,74;l

£li71,OJ::2,S'U

14:3,:39:3)UO

ToLllImports]

rrotalExports 1

ImportsfJ\omU.K.l

;36,148,2DU

Ex- orts ;Re ri'olm-age-)to Pu K 11 T

g entered and opcu... olluage cleared - 1\riles

1 7;),803,000 20,:;:!,-'

2G,,12li,82U ! 8,D:JO,ti;i1;

;;,oou10000,000

2,227',[,00728

83l),705 5

54,833Hf,0:-l7,ii74_

4"ll1",.;..341, 81:!;,

Sli,7S:2,

.. • .) i[lb,3,),t 1

;;,000

!

;,7Q,1I1:-:;

IUS

., OS') 9,\·)

-,20:J;O()O

lOll, 7:;,eGO,IIOO :10,148,eGO I :,",;17" i 8,il',O,001, I 8,111 .

----- - -;' - I' 7,2f 1U ! - I__ 1r;;),4S21 __ __ ;

18:);,182 5,71)1,0:30 l H-,00-1,SfJo1

" 7·5;: I ij - I :2,f)OO,(JOO I '

I 11,788 ::',790,7015 El:!

1t-l7

1

' i

3,iJG8,tiG2 __ 10,:20(\48:-. I

:26,1j 8,4-1-0 G,114,080 ti, 0';"],Hi! S:l, I HOO, 7·it) , :I

IlOU

1]0 fJ2li 1U7,40] ]4iJ,UW 4{j,7091,1hi6,86\t 1,787,142 ],005,;-)97

::;(1,100 1,081,572 1126';)72 469,317] :!(I,471 4G2,u10 55[),OOa 221,958 I2f,O,ti75 [)In,ROD01::,820

-36,9;;2,063133,499,149 12,!118,110!

24;;, :2:1;'), 5815 i 4:3-,:1:, I'

-- I: ss.iss I 14,9U7 -rA, 47:::, 43:1 20,776,520 12],972,247 S,S83,iJ8;) ,)11:),144,070, ti,n43,056 i l ,;)K4,S[J] 4,707,309 I

1:)41- 4,gS:!, 6;)/ 1l,170,40S 2,040,;H:i9 :21,:?BO,700 7,:)0;\178 7,S19,5:,H) 2.372,18;1 I

7,39H,OOO i 1,4D7,Hil I 1,B4ll,D6;) '!J-I-l,tilfl !47)44,;)02 , 17,174,54;) ! 14,214,Cdti U,Sr)/,090'__ !__ ? _

I 'I 2u,004,101 I.W3,O.Jh,u61 :LIn, .J4S,167 11;).1,031, ... ')0 ;)6,991,uHS I

1,117,539,503'665, 797,023

1'182,879,933

! 93,139,888 '

170,000 17a,OOO,-)97,09;,

;_)II,OS,1;)0,000 4-1:1,117 i

::W,7:n,(i7D I

O,13074 US19\)'[)81

8D;7(H20,100

1l9,81t1(),OOli

Hi';'[lOO,OOG

7,170,3;,4 !

5,158

U,100tiO,6S4,UHI

8117,000

170,32970,188 j

:!,43i:l,:31:{ I2til,ISrJ i

1,4:-n,1371

1;) 'JU64f)'-'1;200;0001,480,U06

7,863

:!3,417,12G,312

1,780,BHJ2GH.DGr1

1/)-:l:O;4G13

7,601,195428,800

,) 4')')--, 1;);010

407,O;{S

] ],711,2[)(l

88,0;')(iS,400,254

62,55:;949,05180,530

4137,S56

11,474,{,61107,2[,0

1,0;14,'1474,508 I

34,181) h47],21D ! { 2,42-:1:212,[)1i3 : j105:208 i _

IB,[I:J4,O:W 1

2,437 I 6,21713,836,962 937,08S:>,

121,305 7!)711,270,794 7,i:l42:!

104,4:)0 4,33?:!409,913 100,3041

9,067 ' 26,731 !II} 4,[12[) I

ti5,189 I H),760 I338,180 ! I

SOl,164 !-----,-- 2,078 .

17,090,221 I l,10iJ,7:I!J

II

7,0;)n,Ol[)7,483,618

OlSf), 037;

... jj ,09.),u01

:HI;l./OO

:10,68:),80:) 2nD,1 -'n'r:),-,

!-J7,4(19,OlHl

H,180,[,:3221,).242

I,HiB;8807<i,161

1ul,OOO8:lti 910tW9;;{54

;34S,57li I10,7;)2,974

WI'{')8GL{5::30028[),H24ti56,BlO

tlH4,o701,509,774

],1 d),()l;$

l,792,B24I 1Bl:),OOO

20,7:::7,

1:n,30!-l8 S;j')

D,li47;1841,3:11,:32397:!,42B

2,3SB,:2631,157,1401,4::>0,:304

]7,218,318813,90:3,&71

17B,772, :222

;;11

;,-±luJ:l48

2.:H")1

2,:);)3l.S10

'47[)2,UO:J

'[if)l

1:l,079'J] OlilG\(1-28

------ ,---- - - __oj

__ __ __\. -..---__.__ __ i .__1 - . _

lIncludillg bullion and specie. The export:') from U.K. are exclusive or thevalue of Foreign andColonial merchandise exported. 'In 1890.

" ::'!llcl 4 i,s _

xxxii THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 189'11

V.-THE NAVIES OF THE WORLD.

The great importance of being able to establish a comparison between thenavies of the different powers, has led to an attempt being made in thisvolume "GO devise a system of classification of 'warships which should makesuch a comparison possible. At the present time almost every country has aclassification of its own; and therefore the estimates of naval strength insertedin the several sections of this volume are given irrespective of formal systems,and are 'oased upon one uniform plan. Great simplicity has been aimed at.The rest.Its in regard to all but the least important navies arc here broughttogether. In classifying battleships, three factors have been taken into consideration-c-displacernent, age, and specd-e-displaceinent because it impliesoffensive or defensive power, age as indicating efficiency, and speed as determining mobility. No vessel is admitted as a battleship which has less than11 knots sea speed, such speed being considered as 2 knots less than thenominal speed. First-class battleships are of 6,000 tons at least, and are notmore than 12 years old (1893), the date of launch being taken; second-classbattleships (not more than 20 years old), and third-class battleships(not 1110:'e than 27 years old) are admitted down to 5,000 tons displacement, Port and local defence vessels arc a miscellaneous group of olderand slower battleships, armoured gun-boats, &c. First-class cruisers, a, areall of 5,000 tons or more, armoured or otherwise, with "asea-speed of 15 knotsat least; cruisers of the same class, b, are another miscellaneous group, allarmoured, but of smaller displacement or speed than the a ships, some beingold vessels excluded on the ground of age from the battleship list, Theseb ships are admitted as cruisers largely for convoying pnrposes. Second.class cruisers are of 2,000 tons or more, with a sea-speed of at least 12 knots.With the view of simplification all other vessels of the cruising charactersloops, unarmoured gunvessels, torpedo gunboats, &c., are grouped as thirdclass cruisers; those indicated by the letter a, have a sea-speed of at least10 knots; the b vessels arc slower. Torpedo-boats are divided into threeclasscs e-first-cluss (including destroyers and division boats) over 125 feet inlength; second-class, from 100 feet to 125 feet; third-class, from 80 feet to99 feet; boats of 'less than 80 feet, being considered as useful only forharbour :purposcs, are not connted. It remains to be added that the estimatesinclude vessels in hand, ordered to be built, or provided for.

4

486451160219212133108106

533142

1 407 1076 431 67

443127

Ill"77

31

262:3

5-- -46 3

-1340 -.":-

[j

43

156

33 18148 38

6 366414275

16

6

962 -

,3-8

85455310077

61224

Ig lIst class fSrJ class Torpedo Craft]

Cruisers 8 ICruisers C-la-ss 'I 30

Q, r;1- Eo!

1 2 3 Ia b l i a Ib l' 2/ 3

• -----3 l.

! -= ;1 - ---l.... ') i S 2 6 24 251 .. 0 10 I 1 4 I 16 12

=== == II' =I == I =1 U 3 - 6 14

- - - 2 - B - 4 166 - - i 17 [j 2 13 7 14

- 2 - f) - - 3 4 IS.

I j r -

Great Br itain ... ...France ..Russia .., .., .'.Italy ... ... ...Germany ... ... , ..Netherla:nds ... '"Spain ... ... ...Austria ... .. ...Sweden .., .'. .Norway ... ... ...Denmark ... ... ,.,

Portugal ... ... ...Turkey ... .., ..,Greece ... ... ..,

United 81.ates ... ,.,

Brazil .. , .,. .,.Argontim}Republic ...Chile ." --China ... ...Ja,pan ... ... ...

.L\.DDITIOl\ S -Ll.N j) COlt,1Li£CTlUi\'

TIlE 'VEST INDIES.

'rho Iollowinu figures, showing the total imports into the West Indies ill1892, should be for those of the last column of the table on page2:33. 'I'he figures as they there stand show the imports from the UnitedKingdom only.

BahamasBarbados.Iamuiea . .Turks Islands ,'Yind ward Islawb-

Lucia .Bt. VincentGreuada

.£197,401

1,081,.:>721,941,481

2S,388

173,020102,9811;:>8,702

Leeward lsluutls-Virgin Islands ,St. ChristoVlIc}'}KevisAntiguaMontserratDominicaTrinidadTobago

'l,G-lU

181,;)32

188,:1S82u,774(;1,:303

.) 08Q "SO""J

TuLal , £Li,248,378

VICTORIA.

The Budget for 1894, as submitted by the Finance Committee of theChamber of Deputies, estimates the revenue and expenditure as follows :-

Gold dollars. Currency dollars.Revenue . ;-;.1,:34-J,000 22,700,000Expcndlturc 18,083,000 G2,388,OOO

Surplus . 1\1j(j],OOO 00,088,000

If gold bo taken at 800 PCl' cent. the estimated surplus I;; 2,765,000 golddollars or 8, 2Gr>, 000 currency.

BRAZIL.

L'rcsidcnl (if the l!cpnvlic.-Dl:. l)l:t'VEl\TE VE March 1,1894.

"-lCTUIUs..;u PEUEUtA.

The President aud Yicc-I'residcnt-clect cuter on ollicc 011 N ovcuibor 15, 18DJ.

URUGUAv.President of tlu: J o,,,lt ELLAliltl, elected .!\larch 2,V1'. Ellaud havillg declined the office, the Presidency at present (March G)

vacant

trurty·first annual publication

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