trying not to try by edward slingerland - excerpt

8/9/2019 Trying Not to Try by Edward Slingerland - Excerpt

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https://play.google.com/store/search?q=9780770437626&c=bookshttps://www.facebook.com/slingerland3http://www.indiebound.org/book/9780770437633?aff=randomhouse1http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?ISBSRC=Y&ISBN=9780770437633&cm_mmc=Random%20House-_-Trying+Not+to+Try-TR-Scribd-NA-TryingNottoTryExcerpt--9780770437633-_-Trying+Not+to+Try-TR-Scribd-NA-TryingNottoTryExcerpt--9780770437633-_-Trying%2BNot%2Bto%2BTryhttp://www.amazon.com/gp/product/077043763X?ie=UTF8&tag=randohouseinc8046-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=077043763X


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\XSCAN AK\ \K \XS

J A @ C E A \ @ B C A J ,

I K L E X A P @ C E A @ E ,

J A L \ B E ] K ^ E X K G P ] K A \ J A E C \ S

Elwjrl Pdcanerdjal

T T T Aew Skrf

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@kpyrcnbt © hy Elwjrl Pdcanerdjal

Jdd rcnbts reservel.]uhdcsbel ca tbe Uactel Ptjtes hy Hrkjlwjy Hkkfs, ja ciprcat kg tbe @rkwa

]uhdcsbcan Nrkup, j lcvcscka kg Xjalki Bkuse DD@, j ]eanuca Xjalki Bkuse

@kipjay, Aew Skrf.

www.`rkwapuhdcsbcan.`ki

HXKJL^JS HKKFP jal cts dknk, HTLT^TS, jre rencsterel trjleijrfs kg

Xjalki Bkuse DD@.

Krcncajddy puhdcsbel ca bjrl`kver ca tbe Uactel Ptjtes hy @rkwa ]uhdcsbers,ja ciprcat kg tbe @rkwa ]uhdcsbcan Nrkup, j lcvcscka kg Xjalki Bkuse DD@,

Aew Skrf, ca .

Nrjtegud j`fakwdelnieat cs ijle tk Ppkrts Cddustrjtel gkr pericsscka tk reprcat

—Bkw Ct Geeds . . . k He ka Gcre’ elctel hy Fkstyj Feaaely, Gehrujry , .

@kpyrcnbt © cie Ca`. Jdd rcnbts reservel. Xeprcatel hy pericsscka kg

Ppkrts Cddustrjtel.

Dchrjry kg @kanress @jtjdkncan-ca-]uhdc`jtcka LjtjPdcanerdjal, Elwjrl N. (Elwjrl Ncdija)

rycan akt tk try ? tbe jrt jal s`ceaè kg spkatjaecty / Elwjrl Pdcanerdjal. “

Gcrst Elctcka.

pjnes ì

Ca`dules hchdcknrjpbc`jd regereaès jal calex.

. ]bcdkskpby, @bcaese. . Ppkatjaecty (]bcdkskpby) . Aktbcan (]bcdkskpby)

. Ptrunnde. C. ctde.

H.P

'.“l`

CPHA ----

eHkkf CPHA ----

]rcatel ca tbe Uactel Ptjtes kg Jierc`j

Hkkf lescna hy Ac`kdj Gernuska

@kver lescna hy Ic`bjed Ikrrcs@kver cddustrjtcka? \e Nrjaner @kdde`tcka, AS@“Jdd rcnbts reservel

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8 \XSCAN AK\ \K \XS

respkascveaess. J stjal-up `kielcja wbk cs akt ca tbe zkae cs akt

guaay, jal ja j`tkr wbk cs akt guddy cabjhctcan bcs kr ber rkde `kies

j`rkss js wkklea jal gjfe. Expdjcacan bkw tk prepjre gkr j rkde, tbej`tkr Ic`bjed @jcae `jutckas tbjt scipdy ieikrczcan tbe s`rcpt jal

trycan tk j`t ct kut step hy step wcdd aever wkrf6 wbea ct `kies tcie

gkr ykur dcae, tbe kady wjy tk hrcan ct k jutbeatc`jddy cs tk akt try tk

reieiher ct. —Sku iust he jhde tk stjal tbere akt tbcafcan kg tbjt

dcae. Sku tjfe ct k tbe ktber j`tkr–s gjè. Be cs presuijhdy aew-

icatcan tbe lcjdknue js cg be bcisedg oust tbkunbt kg ct hy dcsteacan

jal wjt`bcan, js cg ct were jdd aew tk bci, tkk. Ktberwcse, gkr ykuraext dcae, yku–re akt dcsteacan jal akt gree tk respkal ajturjddy, tk

j`t spkatjaekusdy.’

\e cipkrtjaè kg hecan ca tbe zkae cs perbjps akwbere ikre

jppre`cjtel tbja ca prkgessckajd spkrts, wbere tbe `kipetctcve elne

prkvclel hy `kipdete jhskrptcka cs tbe stu kg iytb. J pceè

caPpkrts Cddustrjtel

`kascsts skdedy kg quktjtckas grki prkgessckajdhjsfethjdd pdjyers jhkut wbjt ct geeds dcfe tk he ka re?

\ere jre hkkfs yku `ja rejl jhkut bkw tk net catk tbjt sbkkt-

can zkae, bkw tk prepjre ykursedg, hut ct–s aever skietbcan yku `ja

prelc`t. \e hjdd geeds sk dcnbt, jal ykur sbkts jre ekrtdess. Sku

lka–t evea bjve tk jci. Sku det ct nk, jal yku fakw tbe hjdd cs nkcan

ca. Ct–s wkalergud . . . Ct–s dcfe j nkkl lreji, jal yku lka–t wjat tkwjfe up.

“]jt Njrrcty, Krdjalk Ijnc` gkrwjrl

Ct–s dcfe ja kut-kg-hkly experceaè, dcfe yku–re wjt`bcan ykursedg. Sku

jdikst geed dcfe yku lka–t evea see tbe legease. Every ikve yku ijfe,

yku geed, Nkl, tbjt nuy cs sdkw. Sku–re nkcan hy pekpde. Sku lka–t evea

bejr tbe renudjr akcse yku bejr. Ct–s iuel. Sku nk tk prj`tcè tbe

l l —N l b – C l b c b ;’ N


7/42

CA\XKLU@\ CKA 0

\e rejska prkgessckajd jtbdetes wkudl dkve tk hkttde tbjt geedcan

cs tbjt ct jdd tkk ejscdy lcsjppejrs. Js Njrrcty sjys, prkgessckajd hjs-

fethjdd pdjyers ca tbe sbkktcan zkae lka–t wjat tk wjfe up, hut tbeykgtea lk. Hea Nkrlka, gkrierdy j nujrl gkr tbe @bc`jnk Hudds, puts

ct dcfe tbcs? —^bea tbe geedcan stjrts nkcan jwjy, ct–s terrchde. C tjdf tk

iysedg jal sjy, ‒@–ika, yku nkttj he ikre jnnresscve.– \jt–s wbea

yku fakw ct–s nkae. Ct–s akt castca`tcve jayikre.’

Gjddcan kut kg tbe zkae cs terrcgycan, jal jtbdetes try tk jvkcl ct jt

jdd `ksts. \e bcstkry kg spkrts cs gudd kg stkrces kg ktberwcse prkics-

can jtbdetes wbk skiebkw dkse tbecr ikok jal tbea lcsjppejr catkkhsùrcty“kr, perbjps wkrse, he`kie gjikus pre`csedy gkr bjvcan

dkst tbecr stu. Hjsehjdd gjas jre gjicdcjr wctb —Pteve Hdjss Lcs-

ejse,’ ajiel jgter j superstjr pct`ber gkr tbe ]cttshurnb ]crjtes ca

tbe s jal s. Jgter jdikst j le`jle kg ekrtdessdy catcicljt-

can tbe hest pdjyers ca tbe wkrdl, Hdjss sulleady henja tk dkse tbe

jhcdcty tk pergkri ca j`tujd njies. Be `katcauel tk he ae ca prj`-tcè. Be–l suerel ak caources, dkst akae kg bcs j`tujd pbysc`jd sfcdd.

Be oust `kudl ak dkaner tbrkw wbea ct rejddy ijtterel. Jrices kg

spkrts psy`bkdkncsts jajdyzel bci, `kj`bes trcel hejtcan ct kut kg

bci tbrkunb nruedcan exer`cse rkutcaes, hut aktbcan wkrfel, jal

Hdjss wjs eveatujddy gkrèl catk ejrdy retcreieat.

Ja cajhcdcty tk redjx catk tbe zkae cs jdsk j ljaner gkr jrtcstc` per-

gkriers. Kae gjikus exjipde cs tbe pkp scaner @jrdy Pcika. Pbebjl jdwjys heea redu`tjat tk he up ca grkat kg j `rkwl, hut ber stjne

grcnbt `jie tk j bejl jt j `kaèrt ca , wbea tbe teascka `jusel

ber tk greeze. —Jgter twk skans, C wjs stcdd bjvcan pjdpctjtckas,’ sbe

djter tkdl j repkrter. —C sunnestel tbjt C icnbt geed hetter cg skiekae

`jie ka tbe stjne. Jhkut pekpde `jie up, jal ct wjs dcfe ja ea-

`kuater nrkup. \ey ruhhel iy jris jal dens jal sjcl, ‒ê dkve

yku,– jal C wjs jhde tk acsb tbe rst sbkw. Hut C `kddjpsel hegkre

tb l b ctb d ctc ’ Pc – t dt


8/42

< \XSCAN AK\ \K \XS

\ere cs j wclesprejl re`knactcka tbjt tbcs teascka“bkw tk

gkrè ykursedg tk redjx, tk sbut k ykur ical wbea yku aeel tk“cs

j `bjddeane gkr prkgessckajd jtbdetes kr ktber pergkriers. Gkr tbksegua`tckacan jt ja edcte, `kipetctcve deved, spkatjaecty cs j hjsc` okh

requcreieat6 tbecr dcvedcbkkl lepeals ka tbe jhcdcty tk redcjhdy net

catk tbe zkae. ^bjt gewer pekpde rejdcze cs tbjt tbcs cs j `bjddeane

we jdd gjè. ê ijy akt he suhoe`t tk tbe sjie puhdc` pressures js

Pteve Hdjss kr @jrdy Pcika, hut ca ijay wjys kur dcves `ja he seea

js j ijsscve njie kg Icalhjdd.

\e pervjscveaess kg tbe prkhdei cs perbjps ikre khvckus wbeact `kies tk pbysc`jd j`tcvctces. Evea `jsujd jtbdetes kr pergkriers

jre gjicdcjr wctb tbe pjca kg gjddcan kut kg tbe zkae kr alcan ct

oust heykal tbecr nrjsp. Cijncae tbjt yku jre ca tbe ajd set kg j

teaacs ijt`b“pdjycan ykur hest njie ever jal jhkut tk legejt

ykur gkrier cater`kddencjte teaacs stjr grceal gkr tbe rst tcie ca re-

`krlel bcstkry“jal tbe ljwacan rejdczjtcka tbjt yku jre jhkut tkwca ijfes yku henca tk dkse. Sku he`kie tease, kverdy ̀ jutckus. Sku

henca tk tbcaf jhkut ykur swcan castejl kg oust swcancan, jal ykur

grceal hencas tk `dkse tbe njp. Sku fakw wbjt yku aeel tk lk? oust

redjx jal net hj`f catk tbe nrkkve. \e ikre yku tbcaf jhkut redjx-

can, tbkunb, tbe ikre yku tcnbtea up, jal yku wjt`b bedpdessdy js

ykur dejl lcsjppejrs jal ykur grceal nets tk ndkjt kaè jnjca.

Kr cijncae tbjt yku jre tjfcan ja catrklu`tkry sjdsj `djss, jalykur cactcjd jwfwjrlaess cs exjèrhjtel hy ja jaakycan castru`-

tkr wbk feeps teddcan yku tk he spkatjaekus. —Xedjx! Bjve gua wctb

ct!’ sbe `bcrps, js yku stuihde tbrkunb tbe steps yku–ve heea tjunbt

jal lk ykur hest akt tk `rusb tbe geet kg ykur pjrtaer. —Xedjx! Geed

tbe iusc`!’ \e ikre sbe urnes yku tk bjve gua tbe ikre tease yku

he`kie. Sku al tbjt j neaerkus qujatcty kg tequcdj bedps wctb tbe

redjxcan scle kg tbcans, hut kady jt tbe `kst kg rjlc`jddy lcicacsbel

t lc tc Pc dt d fcddg d l o hd d


9/42

CA\XKLU@\ CKA 5

ter iu`b ikre kgtea“cs tbe trc`f kg nettcan ykur ical tk det nk kg

ctsedg . \cs cs tbe ̀ eatrjd prkhdei ca Icalhjdd, wbere yku ̀ ja wca tbe

njie kady hy redjxcan, wbc`b seeis tk ieja tbjt yku `ja wca kadycg yku lka–t try tk wca. Ca kur everyljy dcves, tbcs teascka cs perbjps

ikst cateasedy lcstcddel ca tbe tbrkes kg caskiacj. Sku bjve j hcn

ieetcan tkikrrkw jal aeel tk he jt tbe tkp kg ykur njie, sk yku nk

tk hel ejrdy jal try tk redjx catk sdeep, kady tk al ykursedg tkrturel

hy caèssjat tbkunbts, bedpdess ca tbe nrcp kg tbe restdess ikafey-

hrjca. @kuatcan sbeep oust ijfes ct wkrse, ak pksctcka seeis `ki-

gkrtjhde6 yku geed ca ykur hkaes bkw tcrel yku rejddy jre, hut bkw lkyku ijfe ykur hrjca sbut k; XEDJR! yku tbcaf tk ykursedg, hut

ct–s ak use.

Caskiacj cs j gjcrdy scipde `jse, hut tbe prkhdei jdsk ijacgests

ctsedg ca ikre `kipdex“typc`jddy sk`cjd“sctujtckas, wbere tbe

cipj`t cs gjr nrejter. @kascler ljtcan. Jaykae wbk bjs ever heea

scande gkr j scnac`jat jikuat kg tcie cs gjicdcjr wctb tbe —aeverrjcas hut ct pkurs’ pbeakieaka? yku `ja skietcies nk gkr dkan pe-

rckls kg hecan icserjhdy jdkae, lesperjtedy trycan tk ieet skie-

kae hut bjvcan jhskdutedy ak du`f. \ea skietbcan bjppeas, ja

ea`kuater k`ùrs, yku nk kut, yku bjve j nrejt tcie, jal sulleady

ct–s rjcacan wkiea kr iea (kr hktb, cg yku–re sk ca`dcael). Jttrj`-

tcve pkteatcjd pjrtaers sicde jt yku ka tbe street, strcfe up `kaver-

sjtckas wctb yku ca `jgãs. \e prevckusdy caj`èsschde hejuty jt tbevclek stkre `kuater“wbk ca tbe iclst kg ykur lry stret`b wkudl

aever evea ijfe eye `katj`t wctb yku“ sulleady sbkws ja cater-

est ca ykur prelcde`tcka gkr ^ci êalers dis, jal tbe aext tbcan

yku fakw yku bjve pdjas gkr tbjt Grcljy (j Grcljy!) tk wjt`b ^cans

kg Lescre jal ejt tjfekut Calcja gkkl. (\cs exjipde cs ca ak wjy

jutkhcknrjpbc`jd.) Sku sac ykur ̀ dktbes trycan tk lete`t jay spe`cjd

pberkikaes yku icnbt he eicttcan, hut cg tbe pbeakieaka cs hck-

b c dd h l t l dd t l t t ct H tbc


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7 \XSCAN AK\ \K \XS

\ere jre tkk ijay pkteatcjd ljtes wbea yku `ja–t eaoky tbei jdd,

jal akae wbea tbey jre rejddy aeelel. Perckus ree`tcka“jal

lurcan j lrkunbt yku bjve j dkt kg tcie tk ree`t“sunnests j pkssc-hde rejska gkr tbe pjttera, kr jt dejst wby ct cs sk bjrl tk `kas`ckusdy

jdter? tbe hest wjy tk net j ljte seeis tk he tk akt wjat tk net j ljte.

\e prkhdei cs tbjt ct–s bjrl tk fakw wbjt tk lk wctb tbcs fakwd-

elne. Bkw lk yku ijfe ykursedg akt wjat skietbcan tbjt yku j`tu-

jddy lk wjat;

Gkr tbe ikst pjrt, we“jal hy —we’ C ieja pretty iu`b jaykae

wctb j`èss tk tbcs hkkf, cabjhctjats kg iklera, calustrcjdczel sk`c-etces jrkual tbe wkrdl“jre prek`ùpcel wctb ekrt, tbe cipkrtjaè

kg wkrfcan, strcvcan, jal trycan . \ree-yejr-kdls jtteal lrcdd sessckas

tk net ja elne ka jlicsscka tk tbe hest pres`bkkd jal tbea nrkw catk

byper`kipetctcve bcnb s`bkkd stuleats pkppcan Xctjdca tk eabjaè

tbecr test resudts jal feep up wctb j hrutjd s`belude kg jgter-s`bkkd

j`tcvctces. Hktb kur perskajd jal kur prkgessckajd dcves ca`rejscandyrevkdve jrkual j redeatdess quest gkr nrejter eff`cea`y jal bcnber

prklu`tcvcty, `rkwlcan kut decsure tcie, vj`jtcka, jal scipde ua-

stru`turel pdejsures. \e resudt cs tbjt pekpde kg jdd jnes speal tbecr

ljys stuihdcan jrkual tetberel uihcdc`jddy tk tbecr sijrtpbkaes,

ciiersel ca ja ealdess streji kg `kipetctcve njies, e-ijcds, texts,

tweets, lcans, pcans, jal pkfes, nettcan up tkk ejrdy, stjycan up tkk

djte, ca tbe eal skiebkw gjddcan catk j tgud sdeep cdduicael hy tbehrcnbt ndkw kg tcay D@L s`reeas.

Kur exèsscve gkùs ca tbe iklera wkrdl ka tbe pkwer kg `ka-

s`ckus tbkunbt jal tbe heaets kg wcddpkwer jal sedg-`katrkd `juses

us tk kverdkkf tbe pervjscve cipkrtjaè kg wbjt icnbt he `jddel

—hkly tbcafcan’? tj`ct, gjst, jal seicjutkijtc` hebjvckr tbjt kws

grki tbe ua`kas`ckus wctb dcttde kr ak `kas`ckus catergereaè. \e

resudt cs tbjt we tkk kgtea levkte kursedves tk pusbcan bjrler kr

c g t c g dcg b t l t c c c g t


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CA\XKLU@\ CKA >

ncvcan j spee`b wcdd `kie k js stc jal ua`bjrcsijtc`“j prkhdeitbjt pdjnuel U.P. prescleatcjd `jalcljte Ictt Xkiaey. Ca tbe sjie

wjy, j rejd dkve kg rejlcan, j neaucae `kiictieat tk dejracan, jal jleep ̀ urckscty jhkut tbe wkrdl ̀ jaakt he gkrèl. Dcfe tbjt ikst edu-scve kg iklera nkjds, bjppcaess, spkatjaecty seeis tk he js trc`fy tk`jpture jal feep js tbe bkt bjal ca hjsfethjdd. @kas`ckusdy try tknrjh ct jal ct–s nkae.

ÛÊC — K K K ^ J S ’ J A L LE — L U B ’

\e nkjd kg tbcs hkkf cs tk expdkre tbe ijay gjèts kg spkatjaecty,js wedd js tbe `kaualrui ct preseats? wby ct–s sk `ru`cjd tk kur wedd-hecan jal yet sk eduscve. Ca gj`t, tbe prkhdei kg bkw tk try akt tk trycs ja ja`ceat kae, jal ct bjs eanjnel tbcafers tbrkunbkut bcstkry

jal j`rkss tbe wkrdl. Pkie kg tbe ikst cipkrtjat jal caueatcjd kgtbei dcvel ca ejrdy @bcaj. Ct cs iy hedceg tbjt tbese tbcafers, bjcd-can grki tbe sk-`jddel @kagu`cja jal Ljkcst s`bkkds, bjl leep ca-scnbts catk tbe buija ̀ kalctcka tbjt ̀ ja stcdd prkve very usegud tk ustkljy. Dkkfcan jt kur dcves tbrkunb tbcs ejrdy @bcaese deas wcdd re-qucre dejracan jhkut twk tcnbtdy dcafel `kaèpts? tbe rst cs wu-wec 焪炿 (prkakuaèl kkkk-wjy), jal tbe se`kal cs le 徾 (prkakuaèl

lub, js ca —ak lub’).û-wec dcterjddy trjasdjtes js —ak trycan’ kr —ak lkcan,’ hut ct–s

akt jt jdd jhkut ludd caj`tcka. Ca gj`t, ct regers tk tbe lyajic`, ekrt-dess, jal uasedg`kas`ckus stjte kg ical kg j perska wbk cs kptcijddyj`tcve jal ee`tcve. ]ekpde ca wu-wec geed js cg tbey jre lkcan aktb-can, wbcde jt tbe sjie tcie tbey icnbt he ̀ rejtcan j hrcddcjat wkrf kgjrt, sikktbdy aenktcjtcan j `kipdex sk`cjd sctujtcka, kr evea hrcan-

can tbe eatcre wkrdl catk bjrikackus krler. Gkr j perska ca wu-wec, l tc l t g dd t tc dd tb h l


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2 \XSCAN AK\ \K \XS

cs prkhjhdy hest realerel js skietbcan dcfe —ekrtdess j`tcka’ kr

—spkatjaekus j`tcka.’ Hecan ca wu-wec cs redjxcan jal eaokyjhde, hut

ca j leepdy rewjrlcan wjy tbjt lcstcanucsbes ct grki `ruler kr ikreiualjae pdejsures. Ca ijay respe`ts, ct reseihdes tbe psy`bkdk-

ncst Icbjdy @scfszeaticbjdyc–s wedd-fakwa `kaèpt kg —kw,’ kr

tbe clej kg hecan ca tbe zkae, hut wctb cipkrtjat“jal revejdcan“

lcereaès tbjt we wcdd expdkre.

]ekpde wbk jre ca wu-wec bjve le, typc`jddy trjasdjtel js —vcrtue,’

—pkwer,’ kr —`bjrcsijtc` pkwer.’ Le cs rjlcjaè tbjt ktbers `ja

lete`t, jal ct serves js ja kutwjrl scnajd tbjt kae cs ca wu-wec. Le `kies ca bjaly ca j vjrcety kg wjys. Gkr ruders jal ktbers cavkdvel

ca pkdctc`jd dcge, le bjs j pkwergud, seeicandy ijnc`jd ee`t ka tbkse

jrkual tbei, jddkwcan tbei tk sprejl pkdctc`jd krler ca ja castjatj-

aekus gjsbcka. \ey lka–t bjve tk cssue tbrejts kr ker rewjrls, he-

`juse pekpde scipdy wjat tk khey tbei. Ka j sijdder s`jde, le jddkws

j perska tk eanjne ca kae-ka-kae caterj`tckas ca j perge`tdy eff`j-`ckus wjy. Cg yku bjve le, pekpde dcfe yku, trust yku, jal jre redjxel

jrkual yku. Evea wcdl jacijds dejve yku jdkae. \e pjyk prkvclel

hy le cs kae kg tbe rejskas tbjt wu-wec cs sk lescrjhde, jal wby ejrdy

@bcaese tbcafers speat sk iu`b tcie nurcan kut bkw tk net ct.

\e gj`t tbjt ak ktber djanujne bjs j nkkl equcvjdeat tk ectber

wu-wec kr le cs qucte cdduicajtcan jal ree`ts j ̀ krrespkalcan njp ca

kur `kaèptujd wkrdl. Oust js tbe Nerija dkja kg P`bjleagreule bjsjddkwel Eandcsb spejfers tk gkùs jtteatcka ka ja ever preseat hut

ktberwcse kverdkkfel jspe`t kg tbecr eiktckajd dcves, C tbcaf tbjt

jllcan tbe wkrls wu-wec jal le tk kur verhjd repertkcres wcdd bedp

us njca cascnbt catk jspe`ts kg kur ieatjd jal sk`cjd wkrdls tbjt we

bjve tealel tk icss. Pcaè C wjs catrkluèl tk tbese `kaèpts js

ja ualernrjlujte tbey–ve he`kie j hjsc` pjrt kg iy vk`jhudjry jal

bjve jdsk sprejl quc`fdy jikan iy gjicdy ieihers, grceals, jal

c t —S – t h c c h t tbc ’ cg


13/42

CA\XKLU@\ CKA 3

expdjca wby C wjat ber rjtber tbja skiekae edse tk okca ie gkr ja

cipkrtjat pkteatcjd nrjat catervcew. Jal sbe fakws pre`csedy wbjt

C ieja.Ualerstjalcan tbese twk `kaèpts cs esseatcjd tk ualerstjal-

can ejrdy @bcaese pbcdkskpby, wbc`b we–dd expdkre hy dkkfcan jt ve

tbcafers wbk dcvel jal tjunbt lurcan tbe sk-`jddel — ĵrrcan Ptjtes’

perckl (gtb tk tbcrl èatury ...) kg @bcaj. \cs wjs j tcie kg

nrejt sk`cjd `bjks jal pkdctc`jd upbejvjd. ]kwergud stjtes swjddkwel

up wejfer kaes, wctb tbe ruders kg tbe dkscan scle kgtea put tk tbe

swkrl. Bune `kas`rcpt jrices rkjiel tbe djal, levjstjtcan `rkpsjal ijfcan dcge icserjhde gkr tbe `kiika pekpde. Ct wjs jdsk (akt

ca`cleatjddy) j perckl kg ca`relchde pbcdkskpbc`jd `rejtcvcty tbjt wct-

aessel tbe gkualcan kg jdd tbe ijokr calcneakus s`bkkds kg @bcaese

tbkunbt. Lespcte `kasclerjhde lcereaès jikan tbese tbcafers

ka j wcle vjrcety kg cssues“ajture versus aurture, dejracan versus

castca`t“tbey jdd hucdt tbecr redcnckus systeis jrkual tbe vcrtues kgajturjdaess jal spkatjaecty jal gedt tbjt kverjdd su`èss ca dcge wjs

dcafel tk tbe `bjrcsij tbjt kae rjlcjtes wbea `kipdetedy jt ejse,

kr tbe ee`tcveaess tbjt kae lcspdjys wbea guddy jhskrhel. Ca ktber

wkrls, tbey jdd wjatel tk rej`b j stjte kg wu-wec jal net le.

\ey jdsk jdd gjèl tbecr kwa verscka kg tbe Icalhjdd `bjddeane.

Bkw `kudl tbey jsf tbecr gkddkwers tk strcve gkr j stjte kg uasedg`ka-

s`ckus, ekrtdess spkatjaecty; Bkw lkes kae try akt tk try; Lkesa–ttbe very j`t kg trycan `katjicajte tbe resudt; \cs cs wbjt C wcdd he

`jddcan tbe pjrjlkx kg wu-wec. Jdd kg kur tbcafers hedcevel tbjt tbey

bjl j surere wjy tk reskdve tbe pjrjlkx jal net pekpde sjgedy catk

j stjte kg wu-wec, js wedd js expdjajtckas gkr wby tbecr rcvjds `kudla–t

lk sk. \cs wjs vcewel js j pjrtcùdjrdy urneat prkhdei he`juse, gkr

tbei, wu-wec jal le were akt oust jhkut wcaacan j teaacs ijt`b kr

nettcan j ljte“tbey were tbe fey tk perskajd, pkdctc`jd, jal redc-

c


14/42

:= \XSCAN AK\ \K \XS

J A @ C E A @ B C A J I E E P I K L E X A P @ C E A @ E

@bcaese tbcafers dcvcan ikre tbja twk tbkusjal yejrs jnk cabjhctelj sk`cjd jal redcnckus wkrdl very lcereat grki kur kwa. C tberegkre

al ct pjrtcùdjrdy revejdcan tbjt kver tbe pjst gew le`jles ijay

kg tbecr cascnbts jhkut tbe cipkrtjaè kg spkatjaecty bjve heea re-

lcs`kverel hy `kateipkrjry s`ceaè. J nrkwcan dcterjture ca psy-

`bkdkny jal aeurks`ceaè sunnests tbjt tbese tbcafers bjl j iu`b

ikre j`ùrjte pc`ture kg bkw pekpde rejddy tbcaf jal hebjve tbja

we al ca reèat êstera pbcdkskpby kr redcnckus tbkunbt jal tbjtejrdy @bcaese lehjtes jhkut bkw tk jttjca wu-wec ree`t rejd tea-

sckas hucdt catk tbe buija hrjca. P`ceatcsts jre hencaacan tk hetter

jppre`cjte tbe rkde tbjt —gjst jal grunjd’ ua`kas`ckus tbcafcan pdjys

ca everyljy buija dcge jal akw bjve j `dejrer sease kg wby spkatj-

aecty jal ee`tcveaess bjan tknetber.

ê jdsk akw fakw skietbcan jhkut tbe psy`bkdknc`jd ie`bj-acsis cavkdvel ca wu-wec, ca`dulcan skie letjcds jhkut wbc`b hrjca

renckas jre hecan turael k, js ct were, jal wbc`b jre rcan jt gudd

speel. e`bakdknces su`b js gIXC (gua`tckajd ijnaetc` reskajaè

cijncan), wbc`b trj`fs aeurjd j`tcvcty hy iejsurcan hdkkl kw tk

tbe hrjca, evea jddkw us tk see vcvcl cijnes kg tbe wu-wec hrjca ca

j`tcka. \cs cs akt tk getcsbcze hrjca s`ceaè js skie ijnc` pjtbwjy

tk tbe trutb. \e sajzzy gIXC lcjnrjis tbjt gestkka pkpudjr jrtc-`des jal hkkfs jre akt sajpsbkts kg tbe ical ctsedg. \jt sjcl, tbey

jre jdikst èrtjcady teddcan us skietbcan, clejddy skietbcan we lcla–t

jdrejly fakw jhkut bkw tbe hrjca wkrfs. \ey jre j bedpgud pceè ca

tbe puzzde. Ikrekver, `kateipkrjry aeurks`ceaè cs usegud he`juse

ct ikves us tkwjrl j nrejter jppre`cjtcka kg tbe `kipdexctces kg kur

eihklcel ical. ^bea we jre `kas`ckusdy strunndcan wctb teiptj-

tcka, gkr castjaè, wbjt–s cavkdvel cs akt j lcseihklcel skud puddcan

tb c g h tc b h l h t t g h c c l lc t l t


15/42

CA\XKLU@\ CKA ::

Jaktber cipkrtjat pceè ca tbe spkatjaecty puzzde `kies grki

evkdutckajry psy`bkdkny, wbc`b ncves us cascnbt catk wby wu-wec cs

sk pdejsjat gkr tbe calcvclujd jal jttrj`tcve tk ktbers. \cans tealtk ncve pdejsure wbea evkdutcka jpprkves kg tbei? tbcaf krnjsis kr

`bk`kdjte. Ct geeds nkkl tk he ca wu-wec he`juse j wbkde sdew kg tjsfs

scipdy `ja–t he pergkriel hy kur pdkllcan, `kas`ckus icals“we

aeel tk uadejsb tbe pkwer kg kur gjst, ua`kas`ckus prkèsses ca

krler tk net tbei lkae. Ikrekver, we jre jttrj`tel tk pekpde ca wu-

wec he`juse we trust tbe jutkijtc`, ua`kas`ckus ical. ê bjve j

very strkan catuctcka“ca`rejscandy `kariel hy wkrf ca `knactcves`ceaè“tbjt tbe `kas`ckus, verhjd ical cs kgtea j saejfy, `kaacv-

can dcjr, wberejs spkatjaekus, uasedg`kas`ckus nestures jre redcjhde

calc`jtkrs kg wbjt–s rejddy nkcan ka cascle jaktber perska. ]bysck-

dknc`jddy, ct cs bjrl tk `kas`ckusdy fc`f-stjrt spkatjaecty, jal tbcs cs

prkhjhdy wby we vjdue ct sk iu`b ca kur sk`cjd dcves. Ct–s jdsk wby we

al spkatjaekus pekpde jttrj`tcve jal trustwkrtby, js wedd js wby`kas`ckus jtteipts tk sciudjte spkatjaekus ejse“tbcaf kg jay kg

tbe `kiier`cjddy ijrfetel ljtcan strjtences, grki —tbe Xudes’ tk

—tbe Pystei’“teal tk gjdd jt.

Pk jdtbkunb ejrdy @bcaese tbcafers bjl jdd skrts kg ietjpbysc`jd

tbekrces jhkut bkw jal wby le cs jttrj`tcve tk ktbers, ct `ja prkhj-

hdy he expdjcael hy tbcs very scipde psy`bkdknc`jd gj`t? spkatjaekus

hebjvckr cs bjrl tk gjfe, wbc`b iejas tbjt spkatjaekus, uasedg`ka-s`ckus pekpde jre uadcfedy tk he gjfers. ê–re jdsk jttrj`tel tk ee -̀

tcveaess, jal pekpde ca wu-wec teal tk he sk`cjddy `kipeteat js tbey

ikve tbrkunb dcge. jfea tknetber, tbese `kasclerjtckas ncve us ja

eipcrc`jddy nrkualel, s`ceatc` hjscs gkr tjfcan hktb wu-wec jal le

serckusdy js `kaèpts tbjt `ja bedp us ijfe sease kg kur kwa dcves.

ê–dd tberegkre speal tcie expdkrcan tbe leep evkdutckajry jal

aeurks`ceatc` rejskas gkr wby wu-wec cs ee`tcve, wby le wkrfs,

l b t c t cl g t ct c c t t


16/42

:8 \XSCAN AK\ \K \XS

@ K A E I ] K X J X S C A P C N B P G X K I

J A @ C E A ]B C D K P K ] B S

Cg iklera s`ceaè ̀ ja tedd us sk iu`b jhkut wu-wec, wby hktber wctb

tbese ejrdy @bcaese nuys; (Jal, yes, js gjr js we fakw tbey were jdd

nuys.) Js j bcstkrcja kg ejrdy @bcaese tbkunbt“jal, akt ca`clea-

tjddy, skiekae rjcsel ca Aew Oersey, wctb j Oerseycte–s dkw tkderjaè

gkr H.P.“C net j psy`bkskijtc` bejlj`be grki pekpde wbk ndkrcgy

—tbe Ejst’ js cg ct were ja ex`duscve jal uagjcdcan skurè kg spcrctujd

wcslki. Akaetbedess, tbere cs j feraed kg trutb durfcan jt tbe èaterkg Aew Jne exktc`csi. \ere jre severjd cipkrtjat wjys tbjt ejrdy

@bcaese tbkunbt `ja bedp us net heykal skie kg kur pbcdkskpbc`jd

jal pkdctc`jd bjan-ups jal hetter prepjre us tk nrjsp tbe hckdknc`jd

jal ùdturjd wkrdls we cabjhct.

Cg we tjfe —tbe êst’ tk reger tk tbe lkicajat ikle kg tbcafcan

ca pkst-Eadcnbteaieat Eurkpe jal cts ̀ kdkaces, kae tbcan we `ja sjycs tbjt ct teals tk pkrtrjy rjtckajd tbkunbt js tbe esseaè kg buija

ajture, jal rejskacan js skietbcan tbjt k`ùrs ca ja etberejd rejdi

`kipdetedy lcs`kaae`tel grki tbe akcse jal bejt kg tbe pbysc`jd

wkrdl jrkual us. \cs vcew cs strkandy lujdcstc` ca tbe sease tbjt tbe

ical, jal cts suppkseldy jhstrj`t rjtckajdcty, jre seea js rjlc`jddy

lcstca`t grki, jal superckr tk, tbe hkly jal cts eiktckas. Jdtbkunb

skie skrt kg ical-hkly lujdcsi seeis tk he j buija psy`bkdknc-`jd uacversjd, tbe trjlctcka tbjt `ja he trjèl grki ]djtk lkwa tk

Les`jrtes `kavertel vjnue catuctckas jhkut tbe lcstca`tcka hetweea

pekpde (wbk pkssess icals) jal tbcans (wbc`b lk akt) catk j hczjrre

ietjpbysc`jd lc`bktkiy hetweea j `kipdetedy cavcschde, lcseihkl-

cel ical jal tbe pbysc`jd stu tbjt ijfes up kur ijtercjd wkrdl.

\cs strkandy lujdcst perspe`tcve bjs akt kady `kagusel us jhkut

kursedves hut jdsk bjl ja extrjkrlcajrcdy hjl ee`t ka s`ceaè. Ejrdy

( cl t tc tb t ) ctc c tc t t t l tb b


17/42

CA\XKLU@\ CKA :0

ajtedy, kver tbe pjst gew le`jles `knactcve s`ceaè bjs henua tk gree

ctsedg grki tbe `kaèptujd sbj`fdes kg lujdcsi jal tk trejt buija

tbkunbt js gualjieatjddy —eihklcel.’ ^bjt tbcs iejas cs tbjt kurtbcafcan cs nrkualel ca `ka`rete experceaès jal tbjt evea wbjt

seei dcfe qucte jhstrj`t `kaèpts jre dcafel tk kur hklcdy experc-

eaè tbrkunb jajdkny jal ietjpbkr. Ct cs lcffùdt tk tbcaf jhkut

—oustcè’ wctbkut suiikacan tbe cijne kg j s`jde kr skie pbysc`jd

tbcan hecan eveady spdct6 wbea rejskacan jhkut kur dcves, we caevctj-

hdy tbcaf ca teris kg okuraeys jal pjtbs akt tjfea. \e eihklcel

vcew kg `knactcka jdsk vcews tbkunbt js cabereatdy tcel tk geedcan,wbc`b `jdds catk questcka jay rcncl lcstca`tcka hetweea rjtckajdcty

jal eiktcka. Ikrekver, `knactcve s`ceatcsts jre hencaacan tk ei-

pbjscze tbe gj`t tbjt tbe buija hrjca cs lescnael prcijrcdy gkr

nuclcan j`tcka, akt gkr represeatcan jhstrj`t cagkrijtcka“jdtbkunb

ct `ja jdsk lk tbcs wbea aeèssjry. \cs —eihklcel `knactcka’ revk-

dutcka wjs jt dejst pjrtcjddy caspcrel hy cascnbts grki Jscja redcnckustbkunbt“ca`dulcan hktb ejrdy @bcaese jal djter @bcaese Hullbcst

j``kuats kg wu-wec“wbc`b ijfes tbcs hkkf–s iedlcan kg `knactcve

s`ceaè jal @bcaese tbkunbt pjrtcùdjrdy redevjat.

Jdtbkunb typc`jddy j hct sdkwer k tbe stjrtcan hdk`f tbja s`c-

eatcsts, êstera pbcdkskpbers jre jdsk hencaacan tk rejdcze tbe ci-

pkrtjaè kg hktb eipcrc`jd fakwdelne jal jdterajtcve trjlctckas

gkr tbecr lcs`cpdcae. J sijdd hut nrkwcan auiher kg psy`bkdknc`jddyjttuael pbcdkskpbers akw re`knacze tbjt tbe ejrdy @bcaese trjlc-

tcka, wctb cts eihklcel ikled kg tbe sedg, kers ja cipkrtjat `kr-

re`tcve tk tbe tealea`y kg iklera êstera pbcdkskpby tk gkùs ka

`kas`ckus tbkunbt, rjtckajdcty, jal wcddpkwer. Gkr castjaè, wbcde

reèat ̂ estera tbkunbt bjs eipbjsczel tbe cipkrtjaè kg jhstrj`t,

represeatjtckajd fakwdelne“tbjt cs, cagkrijtcka jhkut tbe wkrdl,

dcfe tbe gj`t tbjt Xkie cs tbe `jpctjd kg Ctjdy kr tbjt E 9 i`¸ “ejrdy

@bc tb bt c t l b c l b t dl dd f b


18/42

:< \XSCAN AK\ \K \XS

Ca gj`t, js we–dd lcsùss djter, `kas`ckusdy gkùscan ka bkw tk rcle, kr

trycan tk expdjca tbe prkèss ca wkrls tk ktbers, ijy j`tujddy cipjcr

ykur jhcdcty tk lk ct.Gkr tbe ejrdy @bcaese tbcafers wbki we–dd ieet ca tbcs hkkf,

tbe ùdicajtcka kg fakwdelne cs ualerstkkl, akt ca teris kg nrjsp-

can j set kg jhstrj`t prca`cpdes, hut rjtber js eatercan j stjte kg wu-

wec. \e nkjd cs tk j`qucre tbe jhcdcty tk ikve tbrkunb tbe pbysc`jd

jal sk`cjd wkrdl ca j ijaaer tbjt cs ̀ kipdetedy spkatjaekus jal yet

guddy ca bjrikay wctb tbe prkper krler kg tbe ajturjd jal buija

wkrdls (tbe Ljk kr —^jy’). He`juse kg tbcs gkùs ka fakwcan bkw rjtber tbja fakwcan tbcs kr tbjt, tbe @bcaese trjlctcka bjs speat

j nrejt lejd kg eaerny kver tbe pjst twk tbkusjal yejrs expdkrcan

tbe caterckr, psy`bkdknc`jd geed kg wu-wec, wkrrycan jhkut tbe pjr-

jlkx jt tbe bejrt kg ct, jal levedkpcan j vjrcety kg hebjvckrjd te`b-

acques tk net jrkual ct. \e clejd perska ca ejrdy @bcaj cs ikre dcfe

j wedd-trjcael jtbdete kr ùdtcvjtel jrtcst tbja j lcspjssckajte `kst-heaet jajdyzer. \cs hetter ts hktb kur catuctcve sease kg wbjt rejd

buija exèddeaè dkkfs dcfe jal kur hest ùrreat s`ceatc` ualer-

stjalcan kg bkw tbe ical wkrfs.

Ca jllctcka tk bedpcan us net heykal strkan ical-hkly lujd-

csi, tbe @bcaese `kaèpts kg wu-wec jal le revejd cipkrtjat jspe`ts

kg spkatjaecty jal buija `kkperjtcka tbjt bjve sdcppel tbrkunb

tbe aets kg iklera s`ceaè, wbc`b cs stcdd very nrkualel ca jaktberhjsc` gejture kg êstera tbkunbt? extreie calcvclujdcsi. \e clejd

perska ca êstera pbcdkskpby cs akt kady lcseihklcel hut jdsk

rjlc`jddy jdkae. Gkr tbe pjst `kupde bualrel yejrs ca tbe êst, tbe

lkicajat vcew kg buija ajture bjs heea tbjt we jre jdd calcvcl-

ujd jneats pursucan kur kwa sedg-caterest, respkascve kady tk khoe`-

tcve rewjrls jal puacsbieats. Buija sk`cetces, j``krlcan tk tbcs

ajrrjtcve, were gkriel wbea dkae buater-njtberers“typc`jddy iea,

c c d c l h tb c t bcdl dl d


19/42

CA\XKLU@\ CKA :5

rejdcze, tbcs cs j gjcry tjde `kkfel up kver tbe djst èatury kr twk hy

j hua`b kg edcte, djalkwacan ijdes“wbjt tbe pbcdkskpber Jaaette

Hjcer bjs s`jtbcandy regerrel tk js —j `kdde`tcka kg `derc`s, icskny-acsts, jal purctja hj`bedkrs.’

Ca rejdcty, we jre akt jutkakikus, sedg-suff`ceat, puredy rjtck-

ajd calcvclujds hut eiktckajd pj`f jacijds, catcijtedy lepealeat

ka ktber buija hecans jt every stjne kg kur dcves. ê net jdkan,

akt he`juse we–re nkkl jt `jdùdjtcan `ksts jal heaets, hut he`juse

we jre eiktckajddy hkual tk kur ciielcjte gjicdy jal grceals jal

bjve heea trjcael tk jlkpt j set kg vjdues tbjt jddkws us tk `kkper-jte spkatjaekusdy wctb ktbers ca kur sk`cety. \ese sbjrel vjdues

jre tbe ndue tbjt bkdls tknetber djrne-s`jde buija nrkups, jal j fey

gejture kg tbese vjdues cs tbjt tbey aeel tk he eihrjèl scaèredy jal

spkatjaekusdy“ca ja wu-wec gjsbcka“tk lk tbecr okh. \cs cs wby

tbe teasckas surrkualcan wu-wec jal le jre dcafel tk hjsc` puzzdes

surrkualcan buija ̀ kkperjtcka, espe`cjddy ca tbe jakayikus, djrne`kiiuactces we teal tk cabjhct tkljy.

Ikrekver, sctujtcan wu-wec ca cts krcncajd, ejrdy @bcaese `katext

bedps us tk see bkw ct cs j gualjieatjddy spcrctujd kr redcnckus `ka-

èpt. Kae kg tbe fey gejtures kg tbe wu-wec stjte cs j sease kg hecan

jhskrhel ca skie djrner, vjduel wbkde“typc`jddy regerrel tk js tbe

Ljk kr —^jy.’ ^bcde iklera rejlers jre bcnbdy uadcfedy tk suh-

s`rche tk tbe ejrdy @bcaese redcnckus wkrdlvcew, C–dd sbkw tbjt, eveagkr us, skietbcan qucte scicdjr tk tbe ^jy cs jt wkrf ca tbe hj`f-

nrkual kg jay neaucae wu-wec experceaè? j sease kg hecan jt bkie

ca skie grjiewkrf kg vjdues, bkwever vjnue kr teaukus. \cs wcdd

ijfe ct `dejr bkw wu-wec lcers grki iklera psy`bkdknc`jd `ka-

èpts su`b js —kw,’ jddkwcan us tk re`kver tbe `ru`cjd sk`cjd lciea-

scka kg spkatjaecty.

\ere cs kae ajd heaet tk dkkfcan jt wu-wec jal le ca tbecr

c c d @bc t t t d t g l t cl E t J c Ct–


20/42


ca tbcs hkkf jre stcdd jdcve jal wedd ca tbe `kateipkrjry @bcaese

ical-set. He`juse @bcaese cs akt j pbkaetc` djanujne, cts wrcttea

gkri bjs reijcael esseatcjddy tbe sjie kver severjd icddeaacj, eveajs tbe spkfea lcjde`ts bjve ualernkae ijsscve `bjanes. \e texts

tbjt we wcdd he expdkrcan were wrcttea grki rkunbdy tbe gtb tk tbe

tbcrl èatury ..., ca sk-`jddel —`djssc`jd @bcaese,’ wbc`b `katca-

uel tk serve js tbe skde dcterjry djanujne kg @bcaj uatcd tbe ejrdy

tweatcetb ̀ eatury. Caleel, uatcd qucte reèatdy, ̀ djssc`jd @bcaese wjs

tbe dcanuj grja`j jal ielcui kg s`bkdjrsbcp j`rkss Ejst Jscj. Gkr

iu`b kg tbcs bcstkry, tbe texts tbjt we wcdd he lcsùsscan were iei-krczel hy every elu`jtel perska tbrkunbkut tbe @bcaese ùdturjd

spbere. Ca teris kg sbeer auihers, tbea, tbe Jajde`ts kg @kagu`cus

bjs caueaèl gjr ikre pekpde tbja tbe Hchde. Evea tkljy djrne pkr-

tckas kg tbese texts jre caterajdczel hy s`bkkd`bcdlrea tbrkunbkut

Ejst Jscj, jal tbe `djssc`jd djanujne“hejrcan wctb ct pjrtcùdjr

wjys kg tbcafcan“periejtes jdd kg tbe spkfea lcjde`ts kg @bcaj.\e resudt cs ja uausujddy bcnb lenree kg `katcaucty hetweea

tbe gkrijtcve perckl kg @bcaese tbkunbt jal tbe iklera ùdture

kg @bcaj ca pjrtcùdjr, jal Ejst Jscj ikre neaerjddy. k tjfe kae

exjipde, tbe `kateipkrjry Ejst Jscja eipbjscs ka perskajd redj-

tckasbcps (nujaxc) jal cagkrijd huscaess aetwkrfs cactcjddy strcfes

êsteraers lkcan huscaess ca @bcaj js scipdy j grkat gkr `krrup-

tcka jal aepktcsi“jal ak lkuht ct kgtea cs. Bkwever, ct bjs ctskwa rjtckajde, kae nrkualel ca ja ja`ceat @kagu`cja pregereaè

gkr `bjrj`ter-hjsel, catuctcve oulnieats kver rcncl rude gkddkwcan.

Sku lejd wctb pekpde gjè tk gjè he`juse tbecr spkatjaekus expres-

sckas jal `jsujd reijrfs“tbecr wu-wec hebjvckr, tbe qujdcty kg tbe

le tbjt tbey eijajte“tedd yku everytbcan tbjt yku aeel tk fakw

jhkut tbei. \e hest wjy tk easure tbjt jnreeieats jre bkakrel cs

tk gkrne catease perskajd dkyjdtces, typc`jddy kver tbe `kurse kg sev-

d c g d l h l g l l t c tctc g d


21/42

CA\XKLU@\ CKA :>

jrnuel tbjt tbe kady wjy tk preveat tbcs wjs tk repdjè spkatjaekus,

trust-hjsel sk`cjd tces wctb rude-hkual, ciperskajd puhdc` castctu-

tckas. Ca prj`tcè, @bcaj ealel up wctb j icxture kg tbe twk, hut tbeùdturjddy lkicajat sk`cjd akris bjve `katcauel tk he nrkualel ca

wu-wec jal le. Kae `jaakt ualerstjal `kateipkrjry @bcaj wctb-

kut nrjspcan tbcs pkcat. Pk, jikan ktber tbcans, tbcs hkkf cs ca-

tealel tk prkvcle skie cascnbts catk tbe ajture kg @bcaese tbkunbt,

wbc`b sbkudl he bedpgud gkr jaykae dcvcan ca ja jne wbere @bcaj bjs

reeiernel“jgter wbjt wjs rejddy oust j sbkrt bcjtus“js j ijokr

wkrdl pkwer.

X E L C P @ K W E X C A N B E WJ D U E K G P ] K A J A E C S

Jt j very hrkjl deved, ejrdy @bcaese j``kuats kg spkatjaecty prk-

vcle us wctb j uacque wcalkw catk ja jspe`t kg buija spcrctujd jalsk`cjd dcge tbjt bjs heea kverdkkfel ca reèat èaturces ca tbe êst.

Ikre `ka`retedy, jdtbkunb tbcs hkkf wcdd akt preseat j perèat

nujrjateel, tea-step prknrji gkr j`bcevcan wu-wec, yku wcdd eal up

dejracan qucte j hct jhkut strjtences tbjt bjve wkrfel gkr pekpde ca

tbe pjst. Kae rejska tbjt ak kae bjs ever `kie up wctb j scande,

surere te`bacque gkr j`bcevcan wu-wec cs tbjt tbe hjrrcers tk spka-

tjaecty vjry grki perska tk perska jal sctujtcka tk sctujtcka. \csiejas tbjt bjvcan j nrjh hjn kg strjtences jt kae–s lcspksjd cs prkhj-

hdy qucte usegud. ̂ bjtever te`bacque wkrfs ca bedpcan yku gjdd jsdeep

tbe acnbt hegkre j hcn ieetcan ijy prkve usedess wbea ct `kies tk

bedpcan yku net catk tbe zkae lurcan ykur teaacs ijt`b tbjt jgter-

akka. ^bjt teals tk bedp ie“ja catrkvertel, sdkw-ikvcan j`j-

leic`“tk redjx catk wu-wec jt tbe hencaacan kg j wkrfljy (scdeaè,

skdctule, suadcnbt, jal djrne qujatctces kg `kee) ijy he `kipdetedy

lc t g b t t t l b tc t l ( tc


22/42


trjlctckas kg tbkunbt“js wedd js tbe hest alcans grki `katei-

pkrjry `knactcve s`ceaè“yku wcdd njca aew cascnbts tbjt yku `ja

jppdy tk ykur kwa dcge.Ikrekver, scipdy jlkptcan wu-wec jal le catk kur vk`jhudjrces

gkrès us tk gualjieatjddy `bjane tbe wjy we tbcaf jhkut buija

hebjvckr jal redjtckasbcps. ê teal tk tbcaf kg spkatjaecty“wbea

we lk jt jdd“js j bedpgud canrelceat jt j `k`ftjcd pjrty kr js skie-

tbcan tbjt `kaèras kady jrtcsts kr jtbdetes. \ere cs ca`rejscan evc-

leaè, bkwever, tbjt tbe ejrdy @bcaese were rcnbt tbjt spkatjaecty

cs, ca gj`t, j `kraerstkae kg calcvclujd wedd-hecan jal buija sk`cjd-cty. \cs iejas tbjt tbe pjrjlkx kg wu-wec cs jdsk ikre èatrjd tbja

we rejdcze, jal tbe prkhdei kg kver`kican ct ikre urneat tbja we

tbcaf.

ê bjve heea tjunbt tk hedceve tbjt tbe hest wjy tk j`bceve kur

nkjds cs tk rejska jhkut tbei ̀ jreguddy jal strcve ̀ kas`ckusdy tk rej`b

tbei. Uagkrtuajtedy, ca ijay jrejs kg dcge tbcs cs terrchde jlvcè.Ijay lescrjhde stjtes“bjppcaess, jttrj`tcveaess, spkatjaecty“jre

hest pursuel calcre`tdy, jal `kas`ckus tbkunbt jal ekrtgud strcv-

can `ja j`tujddy catergere wctb tbecr jttjcaieat. Ca tbe pjnes tbjt

gkddkw, we–dd dejra bkw tk gkster spkatjaecty ca kur kwa dcves jal

njca skie cascnbt catk bkw spkatjaecty je`ts kur redjtckasbcps

wctb ktbers. Kur expdkrjtcka kg wu-wec jal le wcdd ker ak ejsy sk-

dutckas, ak `kray —ja`ceat @bcaese se`rets’ tbjt wcdd castjatdy turaus catk sereae _ea ijsters. C ji `kavcaèl, tbkunb, tbjt he`ki-

can jwjre kg tbe pkwer jal prkhdeis kg spkatjaecty“jal tbcafcan

tbrkunb tbese cssues wctb hktb ejrdy @bcaese tbcafers jal `knactcve

s`ceatcsts jt kur scle“`ja ncve us j leeper ualerstjalcan kg bkw we

ikve tbrkunb tbe wkrdl jal caterj`t wctb ktbers, jal ̀ ja bedp us tk

lk ct ikre ee`tcvedy.


23/42

:

Pfcddgud Hut`bers jal

Nrjègud Neatdeiea

B E @ K A @ E ] K G ÛÊC

\BE P\KXS KG HU\@BEX LCAN CP ]EXBJ]P \BE HEP\-FAKÂ JAL

ikst vcvcl pkrtrjyjd kgwu-wec

ca tbe ejrdy @bcaese trjlctcka.\e hut`ber bjs heea `jddel upka tk pdjy bcs pjrt ca j trjlctckajd

redcnckus èreikay cavkdvcan tbe sj`rcè kg ja kx, ca j puhdc` spjè

wctb tbe ruder jal j djrne ̀ rkwl dkkfcan ka. \cs cs j ijokr redcnckus

eveat, jal Hut`ber Lcan cs jt èater stjne. \e text cs akt spe`c`,

hut we jre prkhjhdy wctaesscan j èreikay tk `kase`rjte j aewdy

`jst hrkaze hedd. Ca tbcs rctujd, tbe stcdd-sikfcan ietjd cs hrkunbt

gresb grki tbe gkualry jal `kkdel wctb tbe hdkkl kg j sj`rc`cjdjacijd“j prkèlure tbjt leijals pre`cse tcican jal perge`tdy

sikktb exeùtcka.

Hut`ber Lcan cs up tk tbe tjsf, lcsieihercan tbe ijsscve jacijd

wctb ekrtdess nrjè? —Jt every tku`b kg bcs bjal, every healcan kg

bcs sbkudler, every step kg bcs geet, every tbrust kg bcs faee“ swcsb!

swkksb! Be nuclel bcs hdjle jdkan wctb j wbkksb, jal jdd wjs ca

perge`t tuae? kae ikieat js cg be were okcacan ca tbe Ljaè kg tbe

I dh N tb cg b g c c tb Oc b


24/42

8= \XSCAN AK\ \K \XS

turael catk ja jrtcstc` pergkrijaè. Dkrl êabuc cs jijzel jal cs

ikvel tk ex`djci, —Jb! Bkw wkalergud! @ja sfcdd rejddy rej`b su`b

becnbts;’ Hut`ber Lcan puts lkwa bcs `dejver jal repdces, —^bjt C,ykur buihde servjat, `jre jhkut cs tbe ^jy VLjk, 遐Y, wbc`b nkes

heykal iere sfcdd.’ Be tbea djua`bes catk ja expdjajtcka kg wbjt ct

geeds dcfe tk pergkri ca su`b j stjte kg perge`t ejse?

^bea C rst henja ùttcan up kxea, jdd C `kudl see wjs tbe kx ctsedg.

Jgter tbree yejrs, C ak dkaner sjw tbe kx js j wbkde. Jal akw“

akw C ieet ct wctb iy spcrct jal lka–t dkkf wctb iy eyes. Iy seases

jal `kas`ckus jwjreaess bjve sbut lkwa jal iy spcrctujd lescres

tjfe ie jwjy. C gkddkw tbe Bejveady pjttera kg tbe kx, tbrustcan

catk tbe hcn bkddkws, nuclcan tbe facge tbrkunb tbe hcn kpeacans,

jal jljptcan iy iktckas tk tbe xel stru`ture kg tbe kx. Ca tbcs

wjy, C aever tku`b tbe sijddest dcnjieat kr tealka, iu`b dess j

ijca okcat.

\e resudt cs tbjt Hut`ber Lcan cs akt sk iu`b ùttcan up tbe kx

js redejscan cts `kastctueat pjrts, dettcan tbe rjzkr-sbjrp elne kg bcs

`dejver ikve tbrkunb tbe spjès hetweea tbe hkaes jal dcnjieats

wctbkut ea`kuatercan tbe sdcnbtest rescstjaè?

J sfcddel hut`ber bjs tk `bjane bcs `dejver kaè j yejr, he`juse beùts6 ja krlcajry hut`ber bjs tk `bjane bcs `dejver kaè j ikatb,

he`juse be bj`fs. Js gkr ie, C bjve heea uscan tbcs pjrtcùdjr

`dejver gkr acaeteea yejrs akw, jal bjve ùt up tbkusjals kg kxea

wctb ct, jal yet cts elne cs stcdd js sbjrp js wbea ct rst `jie k

tbe wbetstkae. Hetweea tbe okcats kg tbe kx tbere cs spjè, jal tbe

elne kg tbe hdjle bjs ak tbc`faess6 cg yku use tbjt wbc`b bjs ak

tbc`faess tk pjss tbrkunb njps wbere tbere cs spjè, ct–s ak prkh-

d b – d g d d d \ – b g


25/42

PF CDDGUD HU\@BEXP JAL NXJ@EGUD NEA\DEIEA 8:PF CDDGUD HU\@BEXP JAL NXJ@EGUD NEA\DEIEA 8:

Ct cs akt jdd sikktb sjcdcan. K``jsckajddy Hut`ber Lcan–s ekrtdess

ljaè cs caterruptel wbea be seases trkuhde, jt wbc`b pkcat bcs ̀ ka-

s`ckus ical seeis tk reeanjne j hct, jdtbkunb be stcdd reijcas `ki-pdetedy redjxel jal kpea tk tbe sctujtcka ̀ kagrkatcan bci? —^beaever

C `kie tk j fakt, C see tbe lcffùdty jbejl, he`kie `jregud jal jdert,

gkùs iy vcscka, sdkw iy ikveieats, jal ikve tbe hdjle wctb tbe

nrejtest suhtdety, sk tbjt tbe kx scipdy gjdds jpjrt, dcfe j ̀ dkl kg ejrtb

gjddcan tk tbe nrkual.’ Dkrl êabuc `dejrdy sees skietbcan ca tbcs

j``kuat tbjt nkes gjr heykal scipdy ùttcan up kxea. —^kalergud!’

be ex`djcis. —Grki tbe wkrls kg Hut`ber Lcan C–ve dejrael bkw tkdcve iy dcge!’ \cs reijrf scnajds tk us tbjt we sbkudl he tjfcan tbe

stkry kg tbe kx js j ietjpbkr? we jre Hut`ber Lcan–s hdjle, jal tbe

hkaes jal dcnjieats kg tbe kx jre tbe hjrrcers jal khstj`des tbjt we

gjè ca dcge. Oust js Hut`ber Lcan–s hdjle reijcas rjzkr-sbjrp he-

`juse ct aever tku`bes j hkae kr dcnjieat“ikvcan kady tbrkunb tbe

njps ca hetweea“sk lkes tbewu-wec

perska ikve kady tbrkunb tbekpea spjès ca dcge, jvkclcan tbe lcffùdtces tbjt ljijne kae–s spcrct

jal wejr kut kae–s hkly. \cs cs j ietjpbkr tbjt bjs akt dkst jay kg

cts pkwer. C, gkr kae, `ja jttest tbjt, jgter gkrty-kll yejrs kg skie-

tcies bjrl dcvcan, iy kwa hdjle geeds j hct ac`fel jal ludd.

Jaktber kg iy gjvkrcte pkrtrjyjds kg wu-wec jdsk `kaèras ja jr-

tcsja. J wkkl`jrver ajiel Zcan bjs reècvel `kiicssckas tk `jrve

ijsscve wkklea stjals gkr sets kg hrkaze hedds“pre`csedy tbe skrt kghedds tbjt were `kase`rjtel ca Hut`ber Lcan–s rctujd sj`rcè. Jnjca,

tbcs cs bcnb-stjfes puhdc` jrt, `kiicssckael hy tbe ruder bcisedg,

jal cavkdvcan tbe prkicse kg j ouc`y ikaetjry rewjrl jal kff`cjd

bkakrs. Js wctb Lcan, Zcan leikastrjtes jdikst superajturjd

sfcdd? tbe hedd stjals tbjt be prkluès jre sk exqucscte tbjt pekpde

tbcaf tbey iust he tbe wkrf kg nbksts kr spcrcts. Dcfe Hut`ber Lcan,

be cs prjcsel hy bcs ruder, wbk ex`djcis, —^bjt te`bacque jddkws

t l tbc tb t h tcg d;’ J c dcf Lc tb


26/42

88 \XSCAN AK\ \K \XS

C pksschdy pkssess;’ Jgter hecan pressel j hct, tbkunb, be j`fakwd-

elnes tbjt perbjps tbere cs j se`ret tk bcs su`èss, bjvcan tk lk wctb

bkw be prepjres bcisedg ieatjddy tk henca tbe wkrf? —^bea C jinettcan rejly tk ijfe j hedd stjal, tbe ikst cipkrtjat tbcan cs akt

tk exbjust iy eaerny VqcY, sk rst C gjst ca krler tk stcdd iy ical.

Jgter C bjve gjstel gkr tbree ljys, ̀ kaèras jhkut ̀ kanrjtudjtckas kr

prjcse, tctdes kr stcpeals ak dkaner trkuhde iy ical. Jgter ve ljys,

tbkunbts kg hdjie kr j``djci, sfcdd kr `duiscaess bjve jdsk degt iy

ical. Gcajddy, jgter gjstcan gkr sevea ljys, C ji sk `kipdetedy stcdd

tbjt C gkrnet tbjt C bjve gkur dcihs jal j hkly.’ \e clej kg `jrvcanj hedd stjal wctbkut j sease kg kae–s dcihs kr hkly icnbt seei kll,

hut tbe pkcat cs tbjt Zcan bjs sk gkùsel bcs jtteatcka tbjt jdd ex-

terajd `kasclerjtckas bjve gjddea jwjy. —\ere cs ak ikre ruder kr

`kurt,’ be expdjcas, —iy sfcdd cs `kaèatrjtel jal jdd kutscle lcstrj -̀

tckas lcsjppejr.’ Be–s rejly tk net tk wkrf.

Akw C set k gkr tbe ikuatjca gkrest tk khserve, kae hy kae, tbe

Bejveady ajture kg tbe trees. Cg C `kie j`rkss j tree kg perge`t

sbjpe jal gkri, tbea C ji jhde tk see tbe `kipdetel hedd stjal jd-

rejly ca ct? jdd C bjve tk lk cs jppdy iy bjal tk tbe okh jal ct–s lkae.

Cg j pjrtcùdjr tree lkes akt `jdd tk ie, C scipdy ikve ka. Jdd tbjt C

ji lkcan cs jddkwcan tbe Bejveady wctbca ie tk ijt`b up wctb tbe

Bejveady ca tbe wkrdl“tbcs cs prkhjhdy wby pekpde icstjfe iyjrt gkr tbe wkrf kg tbe spcrcts!

Ct–s strcfcan bkw scicdjr tbcs stkry cs tk tbe dkre surrkualcan j nrejt

puhdc` jrtcst grki ja eatcredy lcereat tcie jal ùdture, Ic`bed-

janedk. ^bea questckael jhkut bcs kwa jppjreatdy superajturjd

sùdptcan tjdeats, be suppkseldy repdcel tbjt, wbea ncvea j `kiics-

scka, be scipdy wjctel uatcd be gkual j pceè kg ijrhde ca wbc`b be

dl d l tb d t Jdd b tb b l t l t


27/42

PF CDDGUD HU\@BEXP JAL NXJ@EGUD NEA\DEIEA 80PF CDDGUD HU\@BEXP JAL NXJ@EGUD NEA\DEIEA 80

\e jrtcst–s kwa `katrchutcka cs pkrtrjyel js icacijd, jal tbe `re-

jtcve j`t cs experceaèl js `kipdetedy ekrtdess.

\e stkrces kg Hut`ber Lcan jal ^kkl`jrver Zcan hktb `kiegrki j hkkf `jddel tbe _bujanzc, kae kg tbe twk Ljkcst wkrfs tbjt

we wcdd he dkkfcan jt, jal tbe rc`best buatcan nrkual gkr wu-wec

stkrces jikan ^jrrcan Ptjtes texts. @bjrj`terczjtckas kg wu-wec ca

tbe ktber kg kur ejrdy Ljkcst texts, tbe Djkzc, tjfe tbe gkri kg `ka-

`cse, `ryptc` pkeis rjtber tbja stkrces“iu`b kg tbe hkkf prkhjhdy

rbyiel ca tbe krcncajd @bcaese prkaua`cjtcka, wbc`b we `ja akw

kady cipre`csedy re`kastru`t. J typc`jddy iysterckus pjssjne grkitbe Djkzc les`rchcan tbe — ĵy kg Bejvea’ cs ̀ dejrdy iejat tk prkvcle

j ikled gkr bkw j prkperdy ùdtcvjtel perska sbkudl ikve tbrkunb

tbe wkrdl?

\e ^jy kg Bejvea

Exèds ca kver`kican, tbkunb ct lkes akt `kateal6

Ca respkalcan, tbkunb ct lkes akt spejf6

Ca spkatjaekusdy jttrj`tcan, tbkunb ct lkes akt suiika6

Ca pdjaacan gkr tbe guture, tbkunb ct cs jdwjys redjxel.

\e Aet kg Bejvea `kvers jdd6

Jdtbkunb cts iesb cs wcle, aktbcan ever sdcps tbrkunb.

\e —wcle iesb’ tbjt akaetbedess `jptures everytbcan cs reicacs-èat kg tbe redjxel `kaèatrjtcka kg Hut`ber Lcan kr ^kkl`jrver

Zcan? jt ejse jal yet kpea, prkgkualdy jttuael tk tbe eavcrkaieat.

Uadcfe kur _bujanzcja exeipdjrs, bkwever, wbk jttjca perge`tcka

kady jgter dkan perckls kg trjcacan ca pjrtcùdjr sfcdds, tbe Djkzcja

sjne jttjcas wu-wec hy akt trycan, hy scipdy redjxcan catk skie skrt

kg preexcstcan bjrikay wctb ajture?

L b l l l l b b d dl


28/42

8< \XSCAN AK\ \K \XS

\cs cs wby tbe sjne ualerstjals tbe wkrdl wctbkut nkcan jhrkjl,

J`bceves `djrcty wctbkut bjvcan tk dkkf,

Jal jttjcas su`èss wctbkut trycan.

\ese skrts kg pjssjnes, wbere wu-wec cs ja expdc`ct gkùs, jre qucte

`kiika tbrkunbkut tbe _bujanzc jal tbe Djkzc, wbc`b cs wby tbe

`kaèpt kg wu-wec cs typc`jddy jssk`cjtel wctb Ljkcsi.

^bjt cs dess wcledy jppre`cjtel, bkwever, cs tbjt tbe skrt kg eg-

gkrtdess ejse jal uasedg`kas`ckusaess tbjt ̀ bjrj`terczes tbese Ljkcst

j``kuats jdsk pdjys j èatrjd rkde ca ejrdy @kagu`cjacsi. \cs ijy`kie js j surprcse, he`juse @kagu`cjacsi cs typc`jddy jssk`cjtel

wctb bclehkual trjlctckajdcsi jal stuy rctujd“hktb kg wbc`b

strcfe us js tbe kppkscte kgwu-wec. Ct ̀ ja–t he leacel tbjt tbe @kagu-

`cjas lk j dkt tk ejra tbcs reputjtcka. Ca tbe ejrdy stjnes kg trjcacan,

ja jspcrcan @kagu`cja neatdeija aeels tk ieikrcze eatcre sbedves

kg jr`bjc` texts, dejra tbe pre`cse jande jt wbc`b tk hkw, jal dejratbe deantb kg tbe steps wctb wbc`b be cs tk eater j rkki. Bcs scttcan

ijt iust jdwjys he perge`tdy strjcnbt. Jdd kg tbcs rcnkr jal restrjcat,

bkwever, cs udtcijtedy jciel jt prklu`can j ùdtcvjtel, hut akaetbe-

dess neaucae, gkri kg spkatjaecty. Caleel, tbe prkèss kg trjcacan cs

akt `kasclerel `kipdete uatcd tbe calcvclujd bjs pjssel `kipdetedy

heykal tbe aeel gkr tbkunbt kr ekrt.

@kagu`cus bcisedg, ca j pjssjne tbjt serves js j wkalerguddy `ka-`cse spcrctujd jutkhcknrjpby, pkrtrjys wu-wec js tbe nkjd gkr wbc`b

be bjs speat bcs eatcre dcge strcvcan? —\e Ijster sjcl, ‒Jt gteea C

set iy ical upka dejracan6 jt tbcrty C tkkf iy pdjè ca sk`cety6 jt

gkrty C he`jie gree kg lkuhts6 jt gty C ualerstkkl Bejvea–s Ija-

ljte6 jt scxty iy ejr wjs jttuael6 jal jt seveaty C `kudl gkddkw iy

bejrt–s lescres wctbkut trjasnresscan tbe hkuals kg prkprcety.– ’ \e

pbrjse —iy ejr wjs jttuael’ dcterjddy iejas —iy ejr kwel jdkan /

t ctb tb ’ l t tb t b b c tb t bc g


29/42

PF CDDGUD HU\@BEXP JAL NXJ@EGUD NEA\DEIEA 85

yet stcdd hebjve ca j perge`tdy ikrjd jal exeipdjry gjsbcka. \e eal

resudt dkkfs js ekrtdess jal uasedg`kas`ckus js tbjt kg tbe _bujan-

zcja hut`ber kr Djkzcja sjne hut cs, ca gj`t, tbe prklu`t kg j dcgedkanprkèss kg trjcacan ca trjlctckajd ùdturjd gkris.

@kagu`cus–s gkri kg wu-wec“ja ekrtdess, uasedg`kas`ckus, hut

eicaeatdy ùdturel spkatjaecty“wjs caberctel js ja clejd hy bcs twk

^jrrcan Ptjtes gkddkwers, Iea`cus jal Ruazc, jdtbkunb tbey lcs-

jnreel prkgkualdy jhkut wbjt–s requcrel tk rej`b tbcs stjte. Iea-

`cus trcel tk spdct tbe lcereaè, js ct were, hetweea tbe Ljkcsts jal

@kagu`cus hy preseatcan wu-wec js tbe ajturjd kutnrkwtb kg ùdtc-vjtcan kur ajture. Gkr bci, ikrjddy prkper wu-wec wjs dcfe j sprkut

wjctcan tk hrejf tbrkunb tbe nrkual, kr j hkly prepjrel tk ikve

wctb j `jt`by hejt. Ruazc, ka tbe ktber bjal, wjs uacipressel hy

tbe Ljkcst èdehrjtcka kg ajture jal returael tk tbe ikled `bji-

pckael hy @kagu`cus, wberehy wu-wec wjs tbe resudt kg j dcgetcie

kg rcnkrkus elu`jtcka. Gkr Ruazc, —akt trycan’ wjs aectber ejsy akrgua? tbe perge`tcka kg gkri jal eiktcka tbjt als cts clejd expres-

scka ca ljaè wjs, gkr bci, j bjrl-wka j`bceveieat resudtcan grki

yejrs kg lcffùdt trjcacan jal ùdturjd dejracan. Ca jay `jse, tbcs pre-

k`ùpjtcka wctb bkw tk ùdtcvjte wu-wec wjs jt tbe èater kg ejrdy

@bcaese `katrkversces jhkut bkw tk jttjca tbe nkkl dcge. \cs cs j

`kaversjtcka wkrtb pjycan jtteatcka tk, he`juse ct hrcans tk tbe gkre-

grkat clejs, dcfe spkatjaecty jal `bjrcsij, tbjt bjve gjddea tbrkunbtbe `rj`fs kg kur `kateipkrjry ical-set.

S KU X H X J C A K A ÛÊC

Ca tbe ejrdy @bcaese j``kuats kg wu-wec les`rchel jhkve, j `kupde

kg gejtures jre ciielcjtedy jppjreat. Gcrst, jdtbkunb tbere cs kady

H t b Lc @ g c c tb dl tb c


30/42


tbey eater wu-wec. û-wec cs ̀ bjrj`terczel hy ja caterajd sease kg eg-

gkrtdessaess jal uasedg`kas`ckusaess, evea tbkunb tbe perska ca wu-

wec ijy j`tujddy he very j`tcve ca tbe wkrdl. Pkiekae kr skietbcanedse iust he lkcan tbe wkrf hescles tbe ̀ kas`ckus ical tbjt we akr-

ijddy tbcaf kg js —us.’ Pe`kal, pekpde ca wu-wec jre extreiedy ee`-

tcve? bune kxea gjdd jpjrt wctb j gew swcpes kg tbe hdjle, jal ̀ kipdex

sk`cjd sctujtckas jre aenktcjtel wctb ijsterdy jpdkih. Iy nuess cs

tbjt we bjve jdd experceaèl tbcs `kihcajtcka kg ekrtdessaess jal

ee`tcveaess jt skie pkcat ca kur dcves. ^bcde we jre `kipdetedy jh-

skrhel ca ̀ bkppcan jal sjutãcan, j `kipdex lcaaer scipdy jsseihdesctsedg hegkre kur eyes. Guddy redjxel, we hreeze tbrkunb ja cipkrtjat

okh catervcew wctbkut evea aktc`can bkw wedd ct–s nkcan. Kur kwa

experceaès kg tbe pdejsure jal pkwer kg spkatjaecty expdjca wby

tbese ejrdy @bcaese stkrces jre sk jppejdcan jal jdsk sunnest tbjt

tbese tbcafers were ka tk skietbcan cipkrtjat. @kihcacan @bc-

aese cascnbts jal iklera s`ceaè, we jre akw ca j pksctcka tk ualer-stjal bkw su`b stjtes `ja j`tujddy `kie jhkut.

@kddkqucjddy, we kgtea spejf kg kursedves js cg we were spdct ca

twk? —C `kudla–t ijfe iysedg net kut kg hel tbcs ikracan,’ —C bjl tk

gkrè iysedg tk he `jdi,’ —C bjl tk bkdl iy tkanue.’ Jdtbkunb we use

su`b pbrjses jdd tbe tcie, cg yku tbcaf jhkut tbei tbey–re j hct wecrl.

^bk cs tbe sedg wbk lkesa–t wjat tk net kut kg hel, jal wbjt cs cts

redjtckasbcp tk ie; Lkes iy tkanue rejddy bjve j wcdd kg cts kwa,jal bkw lk C nk jhkut bkdlcan ct; (Jal wbk ji C cg akt iy tkanue;)

Pcaè tbere cs jdwjys kady kae —ie’ cavkdvel, tbcs spdct-sedg tjdf cs

`dejrdy ietjpbkrc`jd rjtber tbja dcterjd. Jt tbe sjie tcie, tbe gj`t

tbjt we gjdd hj`f upka tbcs fcal kg djanujne sk grequeatdy iejas

tbjt ct iust ree`t skietbcan cipkrtjat jhkut kur experceaè. Jal

tjdf kg spdct sedves cs èrtjcady akt dcictel tk Eandcsb? we `ja see ct

ca ijay wu-wec stkrces grki ejrdy @bcaj tbjt cavkdve j ajrrjtcve —C’

g tc t g tb dg tb t c d t


31/42

PF CDDGUD HU\@BEXP JAL NXJ@EGUD NEA\DEIEA 8>

eavckusdy jt j icddcpele tejrcan pjst jt gudd speel, cts tbkusjals kg

dcttde dens huscdy `buracan jdkan, tbe fuc sjys, —\e kady wjy C bjve kg

nettcan jrkual cs tk bkp jdkan ka tbcs kae den kg icae, jal jdtbkunbC bjve kady j scande den, C stcdd `ja–t ijajne tk `katrkd ct very wedd.

Sku, ka tbe ktber bjal, bjve tbkusjals kg dens“bkw ca tbe wkrdl lk

yku ̀ katrkd tbei jdd;’ \e icddcpele repdces, —Sku lka–t ualerstjal,

C lka–t `katrkd tbei jt jdd. Ct–s dcfe spcttcan ka tbe nrkual“yku oust

up jal lk ct. . . . Jdd C lk cs put iy Bejveady ie`bjacsi ca iktcka,

jal ct lkes jdd tbe wkrf, C bjve ak clej bkw.’

Kady tbe jutbkr kg tbe _bujanzc wkudl he crrevereat eakunb tkuse spcttcan js ja exjipde kg kur —Bejveady ie`bjacsi’ ca j`tcka.

Ct èrtjcady dj`fs tbe rkijatc`csi kr iystc`jd jcr tbjt cs kgtea js-

sk`cjtel wctb Ljkcsi. Hut tbcs ijy he pre`csedy tbe pkcat? wbea

we–re ca wu-wec, ct lkesa–t geed dcfe jaytbcan spe`cjd, ct oust cs. Ppct-

tcan cs scipdy kae exjipde kg j ijsscve auiher kg tbcans kur hkly

fakws bkw tk lk tbjt we–l he bjrl-pressel tk `kas`ckusdy `katrkdkr expdjca ca wkrls. ^jdfcan wctb kur kwa twk dens, rjtber tbja

tbe icddcpele–s tbkusjals kr tbe fuc ikaster–s kae, cs jaktber nkkl

exjipde. ê lka–t wkrry jhkut bkw tk wjdf, we lka–t `kas`ckusdy

ikactkr kursedves wbcde we–re wjdfcan, we oust wjdf. Ca gj`t, j`tujddy

tbcafcan jhkut wjdfcan wbcde trycan tk wjdf cs j nrejt wjy tk trcp.

ê–dd tjdf ca ikre letjcd djter jhkut tbe ledeterckus ee`ts kg tbcs

fcal kg `kas`ckus ikactkrcan, hut gkr akw det–s oust akte tbjt tberejre ijay tbcans kur hkly fakws bkw tk lk wctbkut jay caput jt

jdd grki kur `kas`ckus ical, jal wbea we ree`t upka tbcs we net

j strkan sease kg hecan spdct hetweea j `kas`ckus —C’ jal ja ua`ka-

s`ckus hkly, wbc`b kgtea seeis tk bjve j ical kg cts kwa.

Xeèat resejr`b sunnests tbjt tbere icnbt he skie hjscs tk tbcs

clej. Jdtbkunb tbere cs kady kae ie, ca ja cipkrtjat gua`tckajd

sease we jre lcvclel catk twk hecans. \ere cs akw neaerjd jnree-

t tb t b tb bt c b t c l h t lc tc t t


32/42


we tbcaf kg js —tbe hkly’ jal wbjt _bujanzc `jdds tbe —Bejveady

ie`bjacsi.’ \e se`kal (expdc`ct, `kdl `knactcka, kr —Pystei ’) cs

sdkw, ledcherjte, ekrtgud, jal `kas`ckus, `krrespkalcan rkunbdy tkkur —ical’“tbjt cs, kur `kas`ckus, verhjd sedves.

Pk cg C sjy tbjt C bjl tk gkrè iysedg akt tk rej`b gkr tbjt se`kal

bedpcan kg tcrjicsu, tbere cs j ikre tbja ietjpbkrc`jd strunnde

nkcan ka. Iy `kas`ckus, `kdl systei, wbc`b cs `kaèrael jhkut dkan-

rjane cssues dcfe bejdtb jal wecnbt njca, cs nbtcan tk `katrkd tbe

ikre castca`tcve bkt systei, wbc`b rejddy dcfes tcrjicsu jal lkesa–t

sbjre iy `kdl systei–s `kaèras jhkut tbe `kasequeaès. \cs csa–the`juse bkt `knactcka lkesa–t tjfe guture `kasequeaès catk j`-

`kuat. \e prkhdei cs tbjt tbcs systei–s `kaèptcka kg redevjat `ka-

sequeaès wjs xel j dkan tcie jnk, evkdutckajrcdy spejfcan, jal cs

gjcrdy rcncl. —Punjr jal gjt? nkkl’ wjs gkr ikst kg kur evkdutckajry

bcstkry j nrejt prca`cpde tk dcve hy, scaè j`qucrcan jlequjte autrc-

tcka wjs j `kastjat `bjddeane. Gkr tbkse kg us gkrtuajte eakunb tkdcve ca tbe jueat calustrcjdczel wkrdl, bkwever, sunjr jal gjt jre

sk wcledy jal greedy jvjcdjhde tbjt tbey ak dkaner represeat uaqujdc-

el nkkls“ka tbe `katrjry, jddkwcan kursedves tk caludne ca tbei

tk exèss bjs j vjrcety kg aenjtcve ̀ kasequeaès. \e nrejt jlvjatjne

kg ̀ kdl ̀ knactcka cs tbjt ct cs ̀ jpjhde kg ̀ bjancan cts prckrctces ca dcnbt

kg aew cagkrijtcka. Pk jaktber wjy tk tbcaf jhkut bkw tbe systeis

lcer cs tbjt bkt `knactcka cs evkdutckajrcdy kdler jal ikre rcncl,wbcde `kdl `knactcka cs evkdutckajrcdy aewer jal ikre exchde“jal

tberegkre ikre dcfedy tk jljpt tk akved hebjvckrjd `kasequeaès.

\ese twk systeis jre evea, tk skie lenree, aeurkjajtkic`jddy

lcstca`t“tbjt cs, tbey jre cipdeieatel ca lcereat pjrts kg tbe

hrjca. Ca gj`t, kur rst bcat tbjt tbe twk systeis excstel `jie grki

`dcac`jd `jses wbere sede`tcve hrjca ljijne jddkwel resejr`bers tk

wjt`b kae kg tbei gua`tckacan wctbkut tbe ktber. Jaykae wbk bjs

tb c I t ( ) c g cdc ctb lctc dd l


33/42


dejst“tk j perpetujd gkrnettcan kg tbe preseat. ^bjt–s caterestcan

cs tbjt, jdtbkunb tbese pjtceats `ja–t gkri aew `kas`ckus ieikrces,

jt j suh`kas`ckus deved tbey jre jhde tk gkri aew, cipdc`ct kaes. \ey`jaakt `kas`ckusdy re`jdd ever bjvcan iet tbe lk`tkr wbk nreets

tbei every ljy wctb j tbuihtj`f bcllea ca bcs pjdi, hut gkr skie

rejska tbey lka–t wjat tk sbjfe bcs bjal. ê see j scicdjr lcsoua`-

tcka wbea ct `kies tk lcereat types kg sfcdds? ua`kas`ckus —fakw-

can bkw’ seeis lcstca`t grki `kas`ckus —fakwcan tbjt.’ Js wctb

eiktckajd ieikrces, tbe twk types kg fakwdelne seei tk he ̀ rejtel

jal preservel ca lcereat pjrts kg tbe hrjca. Akt kady `ja jiae-scj` pjtceats —reieiher’ akt tk sbjfe bjals wctb Lr. \uihtj`f,

tbey jre jdsk jhde tk pc`f up aew pbysc`jd sfcdds jgter j perckl kg

castru`tcka wctbkut bjvcan jay `kas`ckus ieikry kg tbe trjcacan,

evea wbcde reijcacan `kipdetedy uajhde tk expdjca bkw kr wby tbey

bjve tbcs aew jhcdcty.

Pk jdtbkunb tjdf kg —ical’ jal —hkly’ cs te`bac`jddy caj`ùrjte,ct lkes `jpture ja cipkrtjat gua`tckajd lcereaè hetweea twk sys-

teis? j sdkw, `kdl, `kas`ckus ical jal j gjst, bkt, ua`kas`ckus set

kg hklcdy castca`ts, bua`bes, jal sfcdds. —ê’ teal tk cleatcgy wctb

tbe `kdl, sdkw systei he`juse ct cs tbe sejt kg kur `kas`ckus jwjre-

aess jal kur sease kg sedg. Heaejtb tbcs `kas`ckus sedg, tbkunb, cs

jaktber sedg“iu`b hcnner jal ikre pkwergud“tbjt we bjve ak

lcre`t j`èss tk. Ct cs tbcs leeper, ikre evkdutckajrcdy ja`ceat pjrtkg us tbjt fakws bkw tk spct jal ikve kur dens jrkual. Ct–s jdsk tbe

pjrt tbjt we jre strunndcan wctb wbea we try tk rescst tbjt tcrjicsu

kr lrjn kursedves kut kg hel gkr ja cipkrtjat ieetcan.

\e nkjd kg wu-wec cs tk net tbese twk sedves wkrfcan tknetber

sikktbdy jal ee`tcvedy. Gkr j perska ca wu-wec, tbe ical cs ei-

hklcel jal tbe hkly cs icalgud6 tbe twk systeis“bkt jal `kdl,

gjst jal sdkw“jre `kipdetedy catenrjtel. \e resudt cs ja cateddc-

t t ct tb t c g td dch t l t tb c t \


34/42

0= \XSCAN AK\ \K \XS

trjasdjtkrs. \e ejse perècvel hy khservers kg bcs pergkrijaè icr-

rkrs Lcan–s kwa caterajd experceaè, ca wbc`b bcs —spcrctujd lescres’

tjfe bci jwjy jal tbe kx gjdds jpjrt ekrtdessdy. Pcicdjrdy, ^kkl-`jrver Zcan les`rches bcs jrtcstc` prkèss js scipdy dettcan tbe hedd

stjal revejd ctsedg tk bci. Jdd be aeels tk lk cs jppdy bcs bjal jal

tbe hedd stjal eiernes, js cg hy ijnc`.

Bkw tbcs prkèss kg catenrjtcka wkrfs cs sunnestel ca stkrces dcfe

tbjt kg Hut`ber Lcan. Xe`jdd tbe tbree stjnes kg —seecan’ tbjt tbe

hut`ber les`rches tk bcs dkrl? —^bea C rst henja ùttcan up kxea,

jdd C `kudl see wjs tbe kx ctsedg. Jgter tbree yejrs, C ak dkaner sjwtbe kx js j wbkde. Jal akw“akw C ieet ct wctb iy spcrct jal lka–t

dkkf wctb iy eyes.’ \ese dcaes jppejr tk les`rche tbe j`t kg —seecan’

hy uscan lcereat pjrts kg tbe sedg. ^bea Hut`ber Lcan cs j `ki-

pdete akvcè, jal jdd be `ja see cs —tbe kx ctsedg,’ be cs ieredy dkkf-

can wctb bcs eyes, njzcan upka tbcs ijsscve, ljuatcan `rejture tbjt

be iust skiebkw reluè tk pceès. Jaykae wbk bjs ever seea jakx up `dkse“akt j `kiika experceaè ca kur iklera wkrdl“`ja

vcvcldy cijncae tbe pdcnbt kg tbe aekpbyte Hut`ber Lcan. \ere be

cs, stjalcan ca grkat kg tbcs ijsscve wjdd kg bjcr jal esb, `dejver ca

bjal, wctb ak clej wbere tk henca kr wbjt tk expe`t kaè be ijfes

tbe rst ùt. C, gkr kae, wkudl dkkf gkr jaktber dcae kg wkrf.

ê bjve tk hedceve, tbkunb, tbjt Hut`ber Lcan sbkwel ikre per-

scsteaè, jal jgter tbree yejrs kg prj`tcè jal trjcacan be bjs rej`belj pkcat wbere be —ak dkaner sees tbe kx js j wbkde.’ ]erbjps Hut`ber

Lcan akw dkkfs jt tbe kx jal sees, supercipksel upka ct, skietbcan

dcfe tbe `bjrts tbjt bjan ca hut`bers– sbkps, cddustrjtcan tbe lcer-

eat ùts kg iejt. \e kx, gkr bci, cs ak dkaner scipdy j luih, caert

khoe`t ca bcs pjtb. Lrjwcan upka bcs trjcacan jal jajdytc` ical,

Hut`ber Lcan akw perècves ct ca teris kg cts `kastctueat pjrts, js j

set kg ̀ uts tbjt be ̀ ja ijfe, kr j set kg ̀ bjddeanes tk he trjversel. Jt

tbc c t b tb tb l t b h l c


35/42

PF CDDGUD HU\@BEXP JAL NXJ@EGUD NEA\DEIEA 0:

Gcajddy, Hut`ber Lcan rej`bes j stjne wbere, js be puts ct, be ak

dkaner dkkfs wctb bcs eyes? —Iy seases jal ̀ kas`ckus jwjreaess bjve

sbut lkwa,’ be expdjcas, —jal iy spcrctujd lescres tjfe ie jwjy.’C–ve jdwjys expdjcael tbcs stjne kg perèptcka tk iy stuleats hy wjy

kg j Ptjr ^jrs jajdkny. Cg yku jre kg j èrtjca jne, yku wcdd vcvcldy

reieiher tbe ajde kg tbe rst Ptjr ^jrs ikvce (). Dufe Pfy-

wjdfer bjs eihjrfel upka j ljrcan, dkan-sbkt icsscka tk lestrky

tbe ijsscve, jdikst cipervckus Lejtb Ptjr. \e kady wjy gkr Dufe

tk `crùiveat tbe Lejtb Ptjr–s legeases cs tk y lkwa j ajrrkw

trea`b ca cts surgjè jal s`kre j lcre`t icsscde bct jt j wejf pkcatca cts jrikr. Hecan pursuel hy Ljrtb Wjler jal bcs icackas, Dufe

bjs kady kae `bjaè tk net ct rcnbt. Js be jpprkj`bes bcs lestcajtcka

jal hencas tk j`tcvjte bcs tjrnetcan `kiputer, be bejrs ca bcs ical

tbe vkcè kg tbe reèatdy sdjca Khc-^ja (ca tbjt wkalerguddy skak-

rkus Jde` Nucaaess vkcè)? Use tbe Gkrè, Dufe . . . Det nk! k tbe ̀ ka-

sterajtcka kg tbkse trj`fcan bci jt tbe rehed hjse, Dufe sbuts lkwabcs `kiputer, `dkses bcs eyes, jal tjps catk tbe Gkrè ca krler tk geed

tbe rcnbt tcie tk redejse bcs icsscdes. Kg `kurse be s`kres j lcre`t bct,

tbe Lejtb Ptjr cs lestrkyel, jal be cs reuactel js j berk wctb tbjt

uacversjd khoe`t kg djte seveatces/ejrdy ecnbtces jlkdesèat hky lescre,

]rcaèss Decj. (C stcdd al tbjt hua bjcrstyde ca`relchdy erktc`.)

Cg _bujanzc were stcdd jdcve jal suctjhdy djwyerel up, C–l jlvcse

bci tk nk jgter skie kg tbe rkyjdtces grki tbcs ikvce, he`juseDufe–s strjteny cs esseatcjddy tbjt kg tbe Hut`ber Lcan? —Iy seases

jal `kas`ckus jwjreaess bjve sbut lkwa’ (C–ve sbut k iy tjrnet-

can `kiputer) jal —iy spcrctujd lescres tjfe ie jwjy’ (C det tbe

Gkrè nucle ie). Ca gj`t, tbe _bujanzc‐Ptjr ^jrs `kaae`tcka cs j

bcstkrc`jddy j`ùrjte kae. Nekrne Du`js, ca `kaèptujdczcan tbe Ptjr

^jrs iytbkdkny“pjrtcùdjrdy tbe Oelc Facnbts jal nures su`b js

Sklj“wjs jt dejst pjrtdy caspcrel hy tbe iystc`jd husbclk (—^jy kg

tb ^ c ’) l g tb O c bc b hc l hct


36/42


Hullbkdkncst `kddejnues) hjsc`jddy oust _bujanzc ca Hullbcst lrjn.

Lress up Hut`ber Lcan ca j sjiurjc kutt, swjp kut bcs `dejver gkr

j swkrl, jal be wkudl akt he jt jdd kut kg pdjè ca \e Djst Pjiu-rjc. Pk tbere cs j lcre`t dcae kg catedde`tujd lesèat hetweea tbe stkry

kg Hut`ber Lcan ca tbe _bujanzc jal tbjt kg Dufe Pfywjdfer ca

Ptjr ^jrs. \e iytbkdkny tbjt Du`js eveatujddy ealel up wctb cs

j hct kg j icsbijsb“tbe wbkde clej kg tbere hecan j —ljrf scle’ tk

tbe Gkrè `kies kut kg @brcstcja aktckas jhkut evcd jal wkudla–t

ijfe sease ca ja Ejst Jscja redcnckus `katext“hut tbe cijne kg j

Oelc Facnbt hecan ikvel skdedy hy tbe Gkrè dkkfs very iu`b dcfeHut`ber Lcan `dkscan bcs eyes jal jddkwcan bcisedg tk he nuclel hy

bcs —spcrctujd lescres’ js be ljaès bcs wjy tbrkunb tbe kx.

\ere cs ak evcleaè, js gjr js C fakw, tbjt Nekrne Du`js cs j gja

kg tbe Jajde`ts kg @kagu`cus, hut we `ja see tbe sjie `kihcajtcka

kg ekrtdessaess jal uasedg`kas`ckusaess ca jdd kg tbe ejrdy @bcaese

exeipdjrs. \ere cs j nrejt pjssjne ca tbe Jajde`ts les`rchcan tbeutter rjpture tbjt seczel @kagu`cus wbea be rst bejrl tbe iusc`

kg tbe ja`ceat sjne fcans wbk servel js bcs ikleds kg vcrtue? —Gkr

tbree ikatbs jgter, be lcl akt evea aktcè tbe tjste kg iejt. Be sjcl,

‒C aever cijncael tbjt iusc` `kudl he sk suhdcie.– ’ Ct cs tbcs oky tbjt

ijfes @kagu`cus calcereat tk ijtercjd wejdtb jal reputjtcka jal

jddkws bci tk ncve gree reca tk bcs every lescre wctbkut ever lkcan

jaytbcan ciprkper. ê see skietbcan scicdjr ca tbe stkry kg ^kkl-`jrver Zcan, wbere bcs jhcdcty tk perècve ca j ndjaè tbe tree tbjt

`katjcas bcs hedd stjal cs prelc`jtel ka jttjcacan j stjte kg `kipdete

uasedg`kas`ckusaess. Ikre spe`c`jddy, be aeels tk `dejr bcs ical kg

jdd exterajd `kasclerjtckas, su`b js ikaey, gjie, bkakr, jal j sease

kg bcs kwa pbysc`jd sedg.

Bkw jre we tk ualerstjal tbcs grki j `kateipkrjry perspe`-

tcve; @ja we lk wctbkut iystc`jd eatctces dcfe —spcrctujd lescres’ kr

tb G l tcdd f g tb c h c l ch l


37/42


hedkw, jal js quc`fdy js pksschde rejl ej`b wkrl scdeatdy jal tbea

sjy kut dkul ectber —upper’ kr —dkwer,’ lepealcan ka wbetber tbe

wkrl ctsedg cs wrcttea ca upper- kr dkwer`jse detters.

U]]EX

dkwer

dkwer

upper

DKÊX

Uadess yku jre ja jdcea `yhkrn grki Jdpbj @eatjurc, yku were

prkhjhdy `rucscan jdkan uatcd yku rej`bel tbe djst twk, wbere yku

stuihdel j hct jal tkkf dkaner tk sjy —dkwer’ wbcde rejlcan upper,

jal tbea —upper’ wbcde rejlcan DKÊX. \jt sdcnbt `jt`b js yku

henja tk tjdf“tbjt geedcan kg aeelcan tk stkp ykursedg, tk akt rejl

tbe wkrl hut castejl gkùs ka cts `jse“bjs heea regerrel tk js tbekkipb tbjt cs tbe bjddijrf kg `kas`ckus wcdd kr ekrt. J tjsf tbjt

preseats skiekae wctb tbcs fcal kg icsijt`b hetweea tbe iejacan

kg j wkrl jal cts pbysc`jd jppejrjaè cs `kiikady regerrel tk js j

—Ptrkkp tjsf,’ jgter tbe Eandcsb psy`bkdkncst wbk puhdcsbel j pjper

ka tbe ee`t ca tbe s, krcncajddy uscan wkrls prcatel ca ca`ki-

pjtchde `kdkrs (gkr exjipde, tbe wkrl nreea prcatel ca rel caf). \e

Ptrkkp tjsf cs j `djssc` exjipde kg wbjt–s `jddel j `knactcve `katrkd krexeùtcve `katrkd tjsf“tbjt cs, j sctujtcka wbere tbe `kdl, `kas`ckus

ical (Pystei ) bjs tk step ca jal kverrcle jutkijtc`, ekrtdess

prkèsses (Pystei ).

Hrjca cijncan stulces sunnest tbjt j `kupde hrjca jrejs ca pjr-

tcùdjr jre cavkdvel ca `knactcve `katrkd? tbe jaterckr `canudjte `krtex

(J@@) jal tbe djterjd pregrkatjd `krtex (djterjd ]G@). ê–dd he reger-

rcan tk tbese tknetber js tbe —`knactcve `katrkd renckas’ kg tbe hrjca.

\ c tcdd l h t h t tb c d d l h b g


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0< \XSCAN AK\ \K \XS

ikle, wjctcan tk lete`t j wbc kg ljaner, su`b js ja castjaè kg

`knactcve `kac`t. Ca tbe `jse kg tbe Ptrkkp tjsf, we–ve nkt twk jutk-

ijtc` prkèsses tbjt jre ca `kac`t? tbe cleatc`jtcka kg j typegjèkr `kdkr versus tbe jutkijtc` prkèsscan kg j scipde wkrl (jssui-

can yku–re dcterjte jal ct–s ykur ajtcve djanujne). \cs `kac`t jderts

tbe J@@, wbc`b tbea seals kut ja jdjri tk tbe djterjd ]G@ tk `kie

lejd wctb tbe sctujtcka.

\e djterjd ]G@ cs respkaschde gkr ijay bcnber `knactcve gua`-

tckas, su`b js tbe catenrjtcka kg `kas`ckus jal ua`kas`ckus fakwd-

elne, wkrfcan ieikry (tbe sijdd spktdcnbt kg `kas`ckusaess tbjtjddkws us tk gkùs ka expdc`ct cagkrijtcka), jal `kas`ckus pdja-

acan. Ikst redevjatdy, wbea ct `kies tk tbe `jse kg tbe Ptrkkp tjsf,

tbe djterjd ]G@ jdsk exerts `katrkd kver ktber jrejs kg tbe hrjca hy

streantbeacan tbe j`tcvjtcka kg tjsf-redevjat aetwkrfs jt tbe ex-

pease kg ktber aetwkrfs. Hy wejfeacan èrtjca aeurjd pjtbwjys, tbe

djterjd ]G@ esseatcjddy tedds tbei tk stkp lkcan wbjt tbey jre lkcan,wbc`b cs tbe aeurjd equcvjdeat kg re-retjrlcan gkji.

Ca tbe Ptrkkp tjsf preseatel jhkve, yku were jsfel tk rejl tbe

wkrlDKÊX hut sjy tbe wkrl upper. \e J@@ dets tbe djterjd ]G@

fakw jhkut tbe `kac`t hetweea ykur perèptcka kg tbe wkrl–s `jse

jal ykur fakwdelne kg tbe wkrl–s iejacan. \e djterjd ]G@ tbea

lrjws upka cts ualerstjalcan kg wbjt tbe tjsf requcres“yku–ve

heea jsfel tk sjy jdkul tbe `jse, akt rejl tbe wkrl ctsedg“jal le-`cles tbjt sjycan —upper’ sbkudl tjfe preèleaè. Ct tbea seals j

scnajd teddcan tbe vcsujd systei, wbc`b lete`ts `jse, tk net ka wctb

cts huscaess6 tbcs streantbeacan kg tbe vcsujd systei ea`kurjnes tbe

wkrl re`knactcka systei tk oust sbut up. \cs wbkde rcnijrkde cs

wbjt resudts ca tbe sdcnbt ledjy jal tbe geedcan kg ekrt tbjt yku lka–t

net wbea tbe wkrl dkwer cs j`tujddy prcatel ca dkwer`jse detters. Ca

tbe djtter ̀ jse, tbe twk renckas wkrf tknetber bjppcdy, tbe J@@ ̀ ka-

c t l t t c t tc t l l tb d t d ]G@ c t dd l


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ê `ja evea net j rejskajhdy pre`cse pc`ture kg ct, tbjafs tk skie

reèat aeurks`ceatc` wkrf ka wu-wec‐dcfe stjtes. \ere jre caber-

eat ̀ bjddeanes wctb uscan hrjca cijncan te`bacques tk stuly jay typekg j`tcvcty, he`juse tbe te`bakdkny cs typc`jddy ua`kigkrtjhde, cavj-

scve, jal ca`relchdy hudfy. \e hrjca s`jaacan te`bacque tbjt prk-

vcles tbe hest spjtcjd lcs`rcicajtcka“tbe kae tbjt jddkws us tk see

ikst `dejrdy wbjt–s rcan kr akt ca j perska–s hrjca“cs gIXC (gua`-

tckajd ijnaetc` reskajaè cijncan), wbc`b iejsures hdkkl kw tk

tbe aeurkas. \kunb ciperge`t, tbcs gua`tckas js j rejskajhde prkxy

gkr aeurjd j`tcvjtcka. ^ctb gIXC, suhoe`ts bjve tk dce perge`tdy stcddca j bune, extreiedy dkul ietjd tuhe. \cs cs akt clejd gkr stulycan

jay fcal kg rejd hebjvckr. Sku `kudl aever net j leèat gIXC cijne

kg Hut`ber Lcan kr ^kkl`jrver Zcan ca j`tcka. Bkwever, j `dever

stuly hy @bjrdes Dcih jal Jddea Hrjua wjs jhde tk net jrkual skie

kg tbese dcictjtckas tk dkkf jt prkgessckajd ojzz pcjacsts ca j`tcka.

\ey lescnael j spe`cjd, akagerrkijnaetc` feyhkjrl tbjt `kudl hetjfea cascle tbe s`jaaer, wbc`b cs hjsc`jddy j bune ijnaet, jal pksc-

tckael tbecr suhoe`ts sk tbjt tbey `kudl sct wctb tbe feyhkjrl restcan

ka tbecr djps. \e resejr`bers tbea bjl tbei pdjy ca twk lcereat

`kalctckas. Ca tbe rst, —P`jdes,’ tbey were requcrel tk pdjy, kver jal

kver, j kae-k`tjve @ s`jde. Ca tbe —Ojzz Ciprkv’ `kalctcka, tbey were

jsfel tk reijca ca tbe sjie fey hut ciprkvcse j iedkly hjsel upka

j `kipksctcka tbey–l prevckusdy heea jsfel tk ieikrcze.\e resejr`bers– ikst strcfcan alcan wjs tbe pjttera kg j`tc-

vjtcka wbea tbe pcjacsts swct`bel catk ciprkvcsjtcka ikle? wcle-

sprejl lej`tcvjtcka kg tbe djterjd ]G@ jal ca`rejsel j`tcvcty j`rkss

redevjat seaskrciktkr systeis, tbe J@@, jal tbe grkatjd pkdjr pkr-

tcka kg j rencka fakwa js tbe ielcjd pregrkatjd ̀ krtex (I]G@). \e

J@@, js we bjve seea, seeis tk he respkaschde gkr `kac`t ikactkr-

can. Ct typc`jddy wkrfs wctb tbe djterjd ]G@ tk ijcatjca `knactcve

t d \ J@@ l t t c t tb dd c tb d t d ]G@ t


40/42


^bjt tbcs stuly sunnests cs tbjt, ca j spkatjaekus yet bcnb-sfcdd

sctujtcka su`b js ojzz ciprkv, tbe J@@ reijcas jdert ca tbe hj`f-

nrkual evea wbea tbe djterjd ]G@ cs turael k. \cs pjrtcùdjraeurjd `kanurjtcka ijy `krrespkal suhoe`tcvedy tk tbe fcal kg re-

djxel hut vcncdjat ikle we eater catk wbea we–re guddy jhskrhel ca

j `kipdex j`tcvcty. Ct cs tbe J@@ tbjt cs stcdd pjycan jtteatcka wbea

Hut`ber Lcan cs ikvcan bcs hdjle ekrtdessdy tbrkunb tbe kx, rejly

tk `jdd gkr bedp cg be ruas catk j —lcffùdt spkt.’ Ca ktber wkrls, jt

dejst skie gkris kg wu-wec jppejr tk cavkdve sbuttcan lkwa j`tcve

`kas`ckus jwjreaess jal `katrkd wbcde ijcatjcacan hj`fnrkual sct-ujtckajd jdertaess. ^bea ykur `kas`ckus ical dets nk, tbe hkly `ja

tjfe kver.

\e ejrdy @bcaese clejd kg wu-wec cavkdves oust tbcs skrt kg ekrt-

dess j`tcka, jal tbe hkly uadejsbel cs cipresscve tk hebkdl. Dcfe

Dufe Pfywjdfer wbea be jddkws bcisedg tk he del hy tbe Gkrè, tbe

wu-wec exeipdjrs we see ca ejrdy @bcaese texts lcspdjy ja jdikstsuperajturjd ee`tcveaess js tbey ikve tbrkunb tbe wkrdl. Ikre-

kver, jdd kg tbcs cs qucte pdjuschde grki j `kateipkrjry perspe`tcve.

Lespcte tbe `kas`ckus ical–s `kaleaè tbjt ct cs ca `bjrne jal

fakws hest wbjt tk lk, tbe hkly j`tujddy seeis tk lk oust ae ka cts

kwa. Evkdutcka bjs k-dkjlel tbe vjst hudf kg kur everyljy le`cscka

ijfcan jal oulnieat gkrijtcka katk kur jutkijtc`, bkt, ua`ka-

s`ckus systei he`juse ca ikst sctujtckas ct cs gjst, `kiputjtckajddygrunjd, jal redcjhde. \e sk`cjd psy`bkdkncst ciktby ^cdska bjs

`kcael tbe teri tbe jljptcve ua`kas`ckus tk reger tk tbe vjst reper-

tkcre kg cipdc`ct sfcdds, bjhcts, jal perèptckas tbjt jddkw us tk ajv-

cnjte tbe wkrdl ee`tcvedy wctb dcttde, cg jay, `kas`ckus jwjreaess,

jal tbere cs akw ja eakrikus, jal nrkwcan, pkpudjr dcterjture ka

tbe pkwer kg ua`kas`ckus tbkunbt. \e —tbcafcan wctbkut tbcaf-

can’ strjteny èrtjcady bjs cts dcicts, hut ct cs he`kican ca`rejscandy

d tb t h b c t t h dc hd l g t c d dcg


41/42

PF CDDGUD HU\@BEXP JAL NXJ@EGUD NEA\DEIEA 0>

—tbe ̀ bkcè kg aktes, tbe scdeaès, tbe jttj`fs, jal tbe sbjpcan kg ej`b

pbrjse jdd express j uacel jal krnjac` wbkde.’

Ct cs wkrtb khservcan, tbkunb, tbjt tbcs ekrtdess, uasedg`ka-s`ckus hkly cs akt pergkrican ca j sk`cjd vjùui. J ojzz pcjacst

pdjys wctb, kr jt tbe very dejst gkr, ktber pekpde. Bcs kr ber jhcdcty tk

he`kie `kipdetedy jhskrhel ca tbe ehh jal kw kg tbe iusc` cs jdsk

prelc`jtel ka j`tujddy `jrcan jhkut ct. \e sjie cs true kg jay wu-wec

j`tcvcty, wbetber skdctjry kr ca j nrkup. \cs jspe`t kg wu-wec“cts

lepealeaè ka sk`cjd caterj`tcka jal sbjrel vjdues“cs skietbcan

tbjt cs neaerjddy kverdkkfel hy iklera s`ceatc` trejtieats kg spka-tjaecty, jal ct–s j `rctc`jd kicsscka. \e `jse kg j lruafea bct`bbcfer

grki ja`ceat @bcaj `ja bedp us see wby.


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