tsinghau leacture 2012-ia

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Tsinghau LectureDesign for Safety

Ian Askew, General Manager Lambeth Associates

10 May 2012

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Fatality statistics by region

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“Challenge traditional thinking in roles and responsibilities of project stakeholders…”

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‘Hazards leading to 60% of construction accidents could have been designed-out’

Designers….do not underestimate your input to safer construction

(ref. European Foundation for the Improvement in Living and Working Conditions)

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Maximize open excavation

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Maximize working space

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not like this….

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or this….

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Standardize…make it repetitive …keep it simple!

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Engineer-out, as far as possible, need for workers to enter deep excavations

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The Challenge©

200

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Lim

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Marina Bay in the 1950’s

Rock Armour up to 8T

Existing Seawall

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Designing out risk….deep excavations Cofferdam

Dredge

N

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Soil Conditions

Fill

Marine Clay

Old Alluvium (N value > 100)

Existing Ground Level+105

(m)

+100

+90

+80

+70

+60

Seawall

+50

Kallang Alluvial

Marine Clay

60 - 80m

40m

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Typical Cofferdam Wall Arrangement

1.8m & 1.5m Dia. Steel Casing

+80mPD

2.1m

Top of Old Alluvium

Excavation Face

+84mPDExcavation level

Sheetpile & TAM Pipes

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Removal Method – Stage 1

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Excavation Method – Stage 5

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Redundancy for the case of one strut failure

Moveable deflection panels to be provided during grab operation for added protection

Strutting designed for an impact force of 25kN

Protection barrier

Design-in robustness

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Maximize offsite prefabrication of support elements…modularize

Fabrication of Megatruss Struts

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Campaign feedback from frontline workers on buildability

Waling Detail (Improved for Demolition)

Waling Detail (Before)

Strut

Void former

Concrete waling Concrete fill Concrete fill

Concrete waling

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Designing out risk….we need fresh thinking!!

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Designing out risk….make it less labour intensive

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Communicating design intent……

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Isometric views

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Harnessing technology….BIM

Hennessy Centre, Hong Kong

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and….Google Sketch-up…Austin Station


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….QR codes..design drawings to 3-D visualizations

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Work procedure drawings• pictorial and illustrative

in a language workers understand at a glance

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Work procedure drawings• each sequential step

in the erection and dismantling process

• hold points where validation, testing, and/or certification of the erected structure to take up load or to undergo a change in loading is required

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Worker access and egress

Steel Post

Top Railing

Kick Board

TemporaryShoring

Diaphragm Wall

TemporaryStaircase

Steel Bracket

Waling

Struts

Concrete Packing

TemporaryWalkway

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Managing field changes

As-BuiltOriginal Design

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Temporary works control

• enforcing temporary works procedures

• improving traceability and transparency

• encouraging communication between design and construction team

tsinghau leacture 2012-ia

Documents

rights reserveddesigning

construction accidents

rights reservedor

rights reservedredundancy

rights reservedstandardizemake

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rights reservedhazards

rights reservedengineer