tsunami investigation reports
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
1/22
Impact Assessment of Tsunami 2004
: Tamil Nadu , India
A Socio Economic Approach.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
2/22
Dr. Mrs. K. JayashreeProfessor of Geography
Queen Marys College,
Chennai, INDIA.
Email: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected] -
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
3/22
The recent Tsunami that struck South-east Asian
countries is a rarest of rare earth dynamics. The wegenerstheory of Plate Tectonics proved significantly correct
indicating earths re-adjustments would be disastrous and
cause calamity to humanity. Experts say the bungling of
marine ecological system would have long term impact.
The first environmental assessment of a range of
coastal ecosystems along the south coast of India were
initiated by various organizations, including the NGOsproviding some preliminary observations on the nature and
scale of the tsunamis impact on their biophysical character.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
4/22
After Tsunami: The Physical Impacts,
Tamil Nadu, India1) As high as 30,000 hectares of cauvery delta area has
turned saline, making the land unfit for cereal
cropping. The area needs reclaimation.
2) The winter crops on coastal area especially in
districts of Nagapattinam, Tiuvarur, Cuddalore, as
20,000 hectares were inundated.
3) Casurina saplings, groundnut and horticultural
crops raised in areas at Kodiyakarai in Cuddalore
district have withered.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
5/22
4) Having lost the standingcrops, the crop loss estimatemay even touch 5-7 crores ofrupees.
5) The agricultural activitieswere halted at 123 coastalvillages in Nagapattinamdistrict 53 villages at
Cuddalore district. Farmerssay, that, the cultivation couldnot be taken up for a fewyears in view of salinity ofsoil.
6) In few districts, the Paddyfields in some areas were sandcast up to a height of 15cms.
7) The water in wells far awayfrom the sea have also becomesaline.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
6/22
8) The most significant changecaused by is the cartographicchanges; that is entire Indian
continent was dragged to east by9mm.
9) The entire marine ecology alongTamilnadu has been shattered.
10) Though Nagapattinam andTiruvarur districts were knownfor their natural drainage system,the silted canals and tall bundsput up by aqua culture farms
contributed to water clogging forseveral hours in some areas. Thesea breeze added to the farmerswoes. Though the coconut, andcashew grooves withstood theonslaught.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
7/22
11) The coastal fresh water bodies have become saline, due to slamming of
ocean waves over them.
12) The soil chemistry on the coastal & neighbouring areas has changed,
from its original nature.
13) The texture and the composition of beach sand has changed.
14) LTL, HTL (low tide level and hide tide level) of coast has been
changed, observably.
15) The extent of Marine fishing area has been reduced observably.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
8/22
16) The Two esturine mouths ofAdyar and Cooum rivers havebeen widened, the sand bars at
the mouth area were washedaway, allowing free mix ofwater of sea and river.
17) The width of the beach has been
reduced, because the shorelinehas been brought forward fewmetres.
18) Many coastal tourist spots havelost their attraction and charm
hence the tourism income alsohas been reduced drastically.Income coss loss may beestimated at 15 to 20 crores.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
9/22
19) Over night, the word Tsunami had become the
buzzword of entire Indian humanity.
20) The economic slump caused by Tsunami in the
sectors like agriculture and industries has affected
the normal economic life.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
10/22
Tsunami - Economic impacts
1. The fishing economy along thecoast has been seriouslyendangered. Thousands offishermen were missing, losttheir fishing equipment, likenets, fishing boats, rowing rodsetc.
2. The imports and exports ofmarine products like fish,prawns, coral reeds, oysters,pearl fishing etc were
jeopardized.3. Heavy monetary and property
loss was found at ChennaiHarbour. The cargo sheds ofthe Chennai Port have beendevastated beyond repair.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
11/22
4. The reconstruction and
restructuring of what has
been lost would impair the on
going projects of future
extension or developmental
programmes.
5. Recapitalizing the damaged
industrial units is a daunting
task.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
12/22
Estimated Loss of Tsunami, INDIA
(Direct Costs)Human loss - 13,000-15,000
Missing Population - >45,000
No. affected - 2,50,000
Homeless - 3.75 lakhsMaterial Loss - 1.5 billion
House broken - 6.7 lakhs
Fishing boats - 45,000
Merchant ships - 796Lenth of Railway
lines - 12,000 kms
Loss to Chennai fort
& Harbour - 50 crores
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
13/22
Bridges of
Causeways - 57
Raw cargo - 1.2 lakh tons
Natural forests - 200 sq .km
Mangrove Forests - 500 sq .km
Marine life - l lakh tons
Private Property - 2.3 Billions
Live stock loss - 11,683 cows + 10721 sheep +
9788 goats
Poultry loss - Rs. 2 millions
Fish production - 20.30 million tonsFishing Nets - 5 crores worth
Fishing Motor - 1576
Crop Loss - 5 to 6 crores.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
14/22
Tsunami - Virtual loss (Intangible loss)
1. Psychologicallydepressed people - >3 Lakh
2.Water phobia affected
people & children - >1.2 Lakh
3. Parent less children - >7.5 thousand
4. Widows - 4.2 thousands
5. Widowers - 1.3 thousands
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
15/22
6.Mentally depressed
and stressed people - 12,000
7.Emotional, anxiety, anguish, pathos - >1 lakh
affected people
8.No.of alcoholics - 47,000
9.Drugs intake - Considerably
increased
10.Juvenile Criminals - increased by 30%
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
16/22
Tsunami - Food
The tsunami waves caused seriousdamage to irrigation structures,
canals and embankments, and
flood protection facilities along the
river mouth. Many farmers report
lost rice harvests, and rice paddies
have been contaminated by saltwater and sludge.
All irrigation systems along
Tamilnadu coast were severely
damaged by the sudden struck
of tsunami, where the damagewas greater in secondary and
tertiary canal systems than in
head works and main canals
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
17/22
.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
18/22
Tsunami - Public Infrastructure Damage
The total irrigation area damaged is estimated approximately 28000hain province (9.6% of the total irrigated). Damage to irrigation systems
and rice fields may cause huge loss of rice production per year. Two to
three years may be needed to bring normal productivity back.
All flood control and coastal structures near the coast ofKanyakumari were severely damaged by the tsunami, including up to
271kilometres upstream many rivers in Kanyakumari district had real
hard hit. Similarly the tsunami damaged completely many state and
National highway.
The number and severity of destroyed public facilities was massive.
Two major ports in Chennai and Tuticorin are completely out of function.
Damage to government offices and hospitals hindered a coordinated
response during the first month of emergency relief.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
19/22
Tsunami- Livelihoods
The livelihoods of hundreds of thousands of people have beenaffected. Examples include:
An estimated 42,000 hectares of prawn/fish farms along thecoast have been lost, diminishing investments and
opportunities for small scale businesses. Land tenure is now uncertain for many families who used
to live in the coastal strip.
Uncertainties regarding the future of rice farming, coconutplantations fish farms and open sea fishing (due to damage of
fishery equipments). Lost assets, belonging and livelihood security possibilities,
especially along the coastal strip, all of which may result inhigher dependency on natural resources.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
20/22
Tsunami Disturbed Ecosystem and
Ground Water
Many natural ecosystems
(mangroves, coral reefs, near
shore zones including fishfarms, freshwater reservoirs
and the coastal strip) have
been heavily damaged,
leaving them more
vulnerable to possible futureevents such as high tides.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
21/22
Strategies and Solutions1) Establishing a global warning system for Tsunamis in
Indian Ocean should be mad mandatory, to protect the humanity
from another killers tsunami.
2) Economic activities along the coast, including tourism
development should be regulated under a uniform Nationalpolicy
3) Permanent houses, leaving a safety distance (500m) from sea
shore should be constructed.
4) Afforestation, is the only method through which, loss can beminimize.
5) The protection of natural forests along the coast, stringent forest
policies should be adopted.
-
7/29/2019 Tsunami Investigation Reports
22/22
) Reduction of residential colonies along the sea coast wouldminimize the human loss and banning of residential colonies
with in 200 meters.
) Advanced technology should be adopted at seismic stations,
meteorological stations, especially oceanographic research
centres.
Technical coordination between developed and developing
countries may certainly improve the forecasting situations.
) More significantly, tsunami awareness and related