ttfse progress report 2004 finala - world bank · 2016-07-17 · progress report 2004 v foreword...

Trade and Transport Facilitation in Southeast Europe Program

Progress Report 2004

http://www.seerecon.org/TTFSE

34884P

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

ed

Trade and Transport Facilitation In Southeast Europe Program


i

Abbreviations and Acronyms AITA International Association of Road Hauliers ALBAPRO Albanian Pro-Committee ASYCUDA Automated System for Customs Data BCA Bulgarian Customs Administration BCP Border Crossing Point BCCI Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry BICIS Bulgaria Integrated Customs Information System BULPRO Bulgarian Pro-Committee CAFAO Customs and Fiscal Assistance Office (Bosnia -Herzegovina) CAM-A Customs Assistance Mission - Albania CARDS Community Assistance for Reconstruction, Development and Stabilization CAS Country Assistance Strategy CDRC Customs Directorate of the Republic of Croatia EC European Commission ECMT European Conference of Ministers of Transport EMP Environmental Management Plan EU European Union FCA Federal Customs Administration FIATA Federation of International Forwarding Agents GCD General Customs Directorate GDC General Directorate of Customs GDP Gross Domestic Product GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICC Inland Clearance Centers ICR Implementation Completion Report ICIS Integrated Customs Information System ICT Inland Clearance Terminal IDA International Development Association IGRVWC International Goods Road Vehicle Weight Certificate INCOTERMS International Commerce Terms IRU International Road Transport Union LPT Local Pilot Teams MCA Macedonia Customs Administration MCA Montenegrin Customs Administration MDC Moldovan Department of Customs MOF Ministry of Finance MOU Memorandum of Understanding NGO Non-governmental Organization NCVT National Center for Vocational Training PHARE Pre-accession instrument financed by the European Union PIT Project Implementation Team PMU Project Management Unit RAS Risk Assessment System RAU Risk Analysis Unit RSC Regional Steering Committee RSCA Republika Sprska Customs Administration SCA Serbia Customs Administration SEE South-East Europe



ii

SECI Southeast European Cooperative Initiative SME Small and Medium Enterprises STAT SECI-TTFSE Advisory Team TIR Transport International Routier TTFSE Trade and Transport Facilitation in Southeast Europe Program UN-ECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development USAID United States Agency for International Development WB World Bank WCO World Customs Organization WTO World Trade Organization



iii

Table of Contents

Page

Abbreviations and Acronyms i

Table of Contents iii List of Exhibits iv Foreword v Introduction 1 Program Development Objective and Implementation 3 Program Financing and Disbursement 4

Program Outcome as of December 2004 5 § Main Positive Achievements 5 § Lessons Learned to Date 16 § Next Steps: On to TTFSE II 18

Status of Components as of December 2004

20

§ Albania 20 § Bosnia-Herzegovina 22 § Bulgaria 24 § Croatia 26 § Macedonia 28 § Moldova 30 § Romania 32 § Serbia and Montenegro 34

Annexes

36

1. Calendar of Key Events 37

2. TTFSE Performance Indicators as of December 2004 38 3. TTFSE Program Contacts, by Country 48 4. List of Border Crossing and Pilot Sites under the TTFSE Program 52



iv

List of Exhibits

Exhibit 1. Regional Map: Participating Countries 1

Exhibit 2. TTFSE: Project Starting and Closing Dates 3

Exhibit 3. TTFSE Program: Financial Plan 4

Exhibit 4: Disbursement by TTFSE Projects 4

Exhibit 5. Reduction in Waiting Time TTFSE Pilots, 2001-2004 5

Exhibit 6. Reduction in Border Crossing Times in 2004 at selected sites 6

Exhibit 7. Reduction in Inland Clearance Times in 2004 at selected sites 6

Exhibit 8. 2004 Physical Inspection Rates 7

Exhibit 9. Revenue Collection/Staff by TTFSE Country 9

Exhibit 10. Participants Trained by Country in 2004 11

Exhibit 11. Seminar Attendance 12

Exhibit 12. Cost Savings resulting from time reduction 15

Exhibit 13. Sensitivity Indicators (SI)

15

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this report are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor does it accept responsibility for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. "

This report has been updated by staff from the Infrastructure and Energy Department, Europe and Central Asia Region of the World Bank. A core team consisting of Anca Dumitrescu, Gérald Ollivier, Philip Moeller, and Periklis Saragiotis was responsible for the overall preparation. Data collection was assisted by Bob Olson from the US Customs assistance program.



v

Foreword This is the third Progress Report prepared for the Trade and Transport Facilitation in Southeast Europe (TTFSE) Program, which started in late 2000 and has been under implementation for about four years. The focus of the report is on the current status and progress of the project, and readers interested in additional background information and an overview of initial progress and issues under the TTFSE are advised to refer to the previous reports for 2002 and 2003. 1 The TTFSE program, seeking to mitigate some of the major obstacles to international transit and trade, is a regional program involving projects in eight countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, and Serbia and Montenegro. The objectives of the projects supported by the World Bank under the TTFSE are to reduce transport costs, fight corruption, and help Customs administrations gradually align their procedures with EU standards. 2 Five of the projects are moving toward completion, and one has closed. Significant progress has been achieved in terms of strengthened cooperation between the Customs administrations within the sub-region, reduced waiting time at border crossing points and inland clearance terminals, and improved communication with the users. This progress and the approach in achieving it has been the subject of a special case study prepared for an International Conference on Poverty Alleviation presented in June, 2004 in Shanghai, China. The task of improving the trade competitiveness of the Balkans for the benefit of all stakeholders is not yet completed, however, and efforts are needed to move the participating countries toward the achievement of all their initial targets. The World Bank, as well as the other donors involved in the program, will continue their support to regional trade and transport facilitation with a view to consolidating and building upon the progress already achieved and possible replication and scaling up efforts under a proposed TTFSE II Program. Motoo Konishi Transport Sector Manager Europe and Central Asia Region, The World Bank

Paulus A. Guitink Program Team Leader Trade and Transport Facilitation in Southeast Europe Program

1 During the life of the TTFSE a limited edition of paper copies of the Progress Reports is being published in the spring of each year for the previous calendar year. Each of the annual reports is also available at the TTFSE website, see http://www.seerecon.org/ttfse. 2 The Bank’s program has complemented ongoing EU assistance to these countries, and has been implemented in close cooperation with such other donors as the United States, France, the Netherlands and Austria. It has also involved collaboration with the Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI). SECI includes Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Slovenia, Macedonia and Turkey, and was established in December 1996 to promote regional economic and environmental cooperation among the countries in the region. The initiative is being supported by UNECE, the U.S. Government, and the Governments of Italy and Austria.



1

Introduction Although the projects under the TTFSE program have been tailored to suit the initial conditions and specific needs of each respective participating country, including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, and Serbia and Montenegro, the innovative approach used in the TTFSE program has included several common elements: (i) focusing on procedural reforms, monitored by clearly defined and standardized performance indicators, at selected pilot sites in each of the countries; (ii) strengthening the partnership in trade and transport facilitation between the public and private sector by moving border control agencies from being obstacles to being facilitators of such activities and strengthening the role of recently-established Pro-Committees3; (iii) establishing a regional web-site and other mechanisms intended to open access to the private sector to information on trade and transport, ranging from government legislation and regulations to such practical issues as the hours of operation of particular border crossing points; (iv) providing professional training programs that could lead to certification of traders and operators; and, (v) supplementing existing institutional mechanisms for improved communications among border control agencies at local, national, and regional levels. Customs modernization is at the core of the TTFSE program. Under the eight TTFSE projects, Customs administrations are modernizing their services and aligning their performance with the standards of the European Union. These projects support the implementation of an overall Customs administration modernization program throughout the sub-region and focus on integrated solutions at selected pilot sites. The pilots have led to a significant increase in the productivity of border agencies, which enables shorter processing time at border crossings and

Exhibit 1. Regional Map: Participating Countries

3 Public-private partnerships established by countries in the region, in the area of trade facilitation



2

inland terminals. They also contribute to improving interagency cooperation within all the countries, thus supporting the governmental priorities to fight smuggling and organized crime. During the five years of the program, progression and implementation customs’ revenue increased by 300 percent while the total regional trade volume took off from US$19.5 million in 1999 to US$70.5 million in 2005. The TTFSE projects are part of the list of Quick-Start projects defined under the Stability Pact4. The design and implementation of the TTFSE program is based on participatory methodology to ensure that the projects “belong” to the participating countries and are endorsed and owned by the various stakeholders, including the beneficiaries. Consultations with Customs officials and users occurred during the design phase and mechanisms have been built into the project to obtain regular user input in the monitoring and evaluation process. One of the major challenges of the TTFSE program has been the coordination of the variety of inputs and support received to implement the program. Most TTFSE technical support relies on grant funding from the U.S. Government, which acts as a joint co-financer of the TTFSE program, while the World Bank finances border post infrastructure and inspection equipment, local area networks, and information systems for Customs clearance operations. At the same time the European Commission is a major donor in Customs reforms assistance in the region. The World Bank and European Commission, therefore, have agreed to cooperate closely in this area, given the similar objectives of the Bank’s TTFSE program and the EU’s PHARE and CARDS5 programs. The encouraging results, lessons learned and best practices of the TTFSE program provide a solid basis to develop a model for the replication and the scaling up of regional trade and transport facilitation reform programs. The Customs administrations in Bulgaria and Romania, for example, are expanding the new procedures applied at the pilot sites to border crossings and clearance terminals throughout their countries. The TTFSE focus on policy dialogue, performance indicators, and public -private partnership is central to reform efforts developing in Armenia and Georgia . Elements of the approach are being applied to projects in Afghanistan, the Russian Federation, and in Central Asia. Follow-up activities under the proposed TTFSE II would be open to the initial eight countries as well as Turkey and Kosovo.

4 The Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, adopted in Cologne, Germany on June 10, 1999 at a special meeting of Foreign Ministers, representatives of international organizations, institutions and regional initiatives concerned with South East Europe, commits these parties to the adoption of a comprehensive, coordinated and strategic approach to the region, replacing crisis management with preventative diplomacy. 5 Especially EU CARDS Customs support programs CAMA and CAFAO in Albania and Bosnia-Herzegovina.



3

Program Development Objectives and Implementation Each of the eight TTFSE countries has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to strengthen their mutual cooperation to foster trade in Southeast Europe and with their main trading partners, while reducing smuggling and corruption at border crossings, through a set of coordinated and simultaneous measures under the TTFSE program. Accordingly each of the TTFSE projects has been designed with identical development objectives to: (i) reduce non-tariff costs to trade and transport; and , (ii) reduce smuggling and corruption at border crossings. One of the TTFSE projects (Romania) has closed and five are scheduled to close during 2005. The implementation duration of each project initially varied between three and four years, but each of the first six projects has been extended by at least six months. The starting and closing dates are in Exhibit 2 below.

Exhibit 2. TTFSE: Project Starting and Closing Dates No. Country Starting Date Initial Closing Date Current Closing Date 1. Albania March 20, 2001 June 30, 2004 March 31, 2005

2. Bosnia and Herzegovina December 27, 2001 September 30, 2004 September 30, 2005

3. Bulgaria November 29, 2000 December 31, 2004 September 30, 2005

4. Croatia May 2, 2001 March 31, 2004 March 31, 2005

5. Macedonia February 28, 2001 June 30, 2004 December 31, 2005

6. Moldova January 1, 2003 September 30, 2007 September 30, 2007

7. Romania November 8, 2000 December 31, 2003 June 30, 2004

8. Serbia and Montenegro September 12, 2002 September 30, 2006 September 30, 2006

The overall rating of the program has been “Satisfactory” except with regard to some delay in elements of the procurement plans.



4

Program Financing and Disbursement Exhibit 3 below summarizes the financing plan of the TTFSE program, which totals about US$120 million, of which the World Bank Group6 contributes nearly two thirds of the total.

Exhibit 3. TTFSE Program: Financial Plan

The lack of experience of the Customs administrations of the client countries with World Bank procurement guidelines, and the time necessary to implement international competitive bidding processes, initially slowed disbursement. By the end of 2004, however, disbursement had reached about US$64 million equivalent or about 75 percent of the loan and credit proceeds, excluding Moldova and Serbia and Montenegro where disbursement was about 17 percent (See Exhibit 4) reflecting their later starting date.

Exhibit 4: Disbursement by TTFSE Projects

Disbursements as of March 31, 2005

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Albania BiH

Bulgari

a

Croatia

Maced

onia

Moldov

a

Roman

ia SaM

US

$ m

illio

n

World Bank Financing * Disbursed

*the total project values in Exhibits 3 and 4 may diverge as a result of inflation during the time spread of disbursements.

6 IBRD loans for Bulgaria, Croatia, and Romania – IDA Credits for all other countries.

(US$ million) Government World Bank United States Other TotalAlbania 2.9 8.1 1.3 0.0 12.3BiH 3.2 11.0 0.7 0.0 14.9Bulgaria 3.6 7.4 1.5 0.0 12.5Croatia 6.2 13.9 1.9 0.0 22.0 Macedonia 3.1 9.3 2.1 0.0 14.5Moldova 0.9 7.2 1.2 0.0 9.3Romania 8.7 12.6* 1.4 0.0 22.7Serbia - Monten. 1.1 6.8 2.3 0.8 11.0

Total 29.7 76.3 12.4 0.8 119.2 *the initial loan of US$17.1million was reduced to US$12.6 million during implementation



5

Program Outcome as of December 2004 After about four years of implementation, the TTFSE program has resulted in such very positive achievements as: (i) significant reduction in waiting time at both border crossing points and at inland clearance terminals; (ii) improved dialogue among Customs administrations and other border control agencies; (iii) constant monitoring of performance through indicators leading to the building of a regional data base; (iv) user surveys published for 2001 and 2003; (v) training of SME and agency staff through the Trade Facilitation component and other training initiatives; and, (vi) demonstrable favorable evaluation of the economic impact of the program. The TTFSE program has significantly raised the awareness of the clients of the need for: (i) increased in-country and inter-agency dialogue and cooperation, and (ii) treating trade facilitation bottlenecks in a holistic manner within a chain and corridor approach. At the same time, the program implementation highlighted such recurrent issues as: (i) the need to strengthen the role of national coordinators; (ii) resistance or delays in implementing risk management and selectivity; (iii) discontinuities resulting from too frequent turnovers (especially for the Customs administrations); and, (iv) a better focus on fighting corruption. The paragraphs below provide additional details on these achievements and issues. Main Positive Achievements of the TTFSE Program 1) Reduction in waiting and clearance times: results on the ground Significant reduction of waiting and clearance times at the border crossing points (BCPs) and inland clearance terminals (ICTs): During the implementation of the TTFSE program, the average waiting time for trucks at the pilot sites was reduced from about five hours to just under one hour. Exhibit 5 below provides detailed figures from some SEE pilot sites between 2001 and 2004, and total clearance times for selected BCPs and ICC are given in Exhibits 6 and Exhibit 7.

Exhibit 5. Reduction in Waiting Time TTFSE Pilots, 2001-2004

Country Pilot site

WT 2001

(hours)

WT 2002

(hours)

WT 2003

(hours)

WT 2004

(hours)

Reduction %

01 to 02

Reduction percent 01 to 03

Reduction percent 01 to 04

Final target

(hours) Albania Tirana

4.5 1.7 1.5 1.2 62.2% 66.7% 73.3% 1

Bulgaria Plovdiv

3.7 1.5 0.8 0.9 59.4% 78.4% 75.8% .7

BiH Grude

2.1 1.3 0.9 0.7 38.1% 57.1% 66.7% .8

Croatia Macelj

1.3 2.0 0.9 0.8 -53.1% 30.7% 38.6% .3

Macedonia Deve Bair

5.2 4.3 1.0 0.6 17.3% 80.7% 88.5% .6

Romania Bacau

3.0 1.4 1.17 1.13 53.3% 61.0% 62.4% 1

Average: 3.3 2.0 1.0 0.9 0.3% 0.6% 0.7%

Source: STATS data 2004 last reported month varies per site, data keyed to site parameters



6

Exhibit 6. Reduction in Border Crossing Times in 2004 at Selected Sites

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Consta

nta

Qafe-Th

ane

Taban

ovce

Deve-B

air

Rousse

Gyueshe

voMac

elj

Gradisk

a Exit Iza

cic Raca

Bosan

ska G

radiska Oras

je

Min

ute

s

Project start End of 2004

Exhibit 7. Reduction in Inland Clearance Times in 2004 at Selected Sites

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Durres Jankomirterm.

Tirana Kumanovo PlovdivTerm.

Banja LukaTerm.

Bacau Grude term.

Min

ute

s




7

Transparent and public customs performance monitoring system in place: The TTFSE program introduced a common system of performance monitoring for border control operations. These performance indicators are now well managed and understood, and provide a regionally accepted standard. In several cases, the fact that delays were measured under the TTFSE has contributed to prompt local reforms, and in most cases, poor results have allowed the authorities to identify where reforms should take place as a priority. The average processing times at pilot sites are posted on the internet. Users are now able to publicly voice their concerns: The TTFSE program introduced annual surveys by an independent specialized consultant to measure the degree of satisfaction of the users vis-à-vis the pace and scope of the modernization of the Customs administrations. The results of the surveys have been made public through the internet. Control agencies are beginning to see the utility of such feedback as part of customer service units. Local Chambers of Commerce have been encouraged to embrace this approach as well. Giving the public voice is an essential step in building a civic culture as well as improving economic efficiency. 2) Enlarged understanding and improved implementation of selectivity A key element in the TTFSE approach has been the implementation of selectivity in Customs operations. Selectivity dictates that not all consignments are physically examined as they are cleared. Instead, physical verifications are based on the risk that a particular consignment may be irregular. Through effective risk management, Customs can detect the most likely and significant violations, without compromising the collection of Customs duties and taxes. It was initially difficult to convince traditionally oriented staff to accept shifting from 100 percent physical inspection to selectivity. As Exhibit 8 shows, however, the rate of physical examination has been moving towards the agreed targets. At the same time, revenue collected by Customs increased from US$6.8 billion in 2001 to US$15.9 billion in 2004 regionally.

Exhibit 8. 2004 Physical Inspection Rates

Large Reduction in Physical Inspection Rates: 67%

0102030405060708090

100

Albania Bih-Fed BiH-RS Bulgaria Croatia Macedonia Romania Serbia Montenegro

%




8

3) Improved dialogue among Customs administrations within the region Since the first Regional Steering Committee (RSC) of the TTFSE program held in February 2000 in Skopje (Macedonia), seven other RSC meetings have taken place on a regular basis (as of spring 2005), with an average of two per year7. The next RSC meeting is scheduled to meet in Montenegro in June 2005. RSC meetings are organized by the TTFSE national coordinator of the country hosting the RSC. All the RSC meetings have been well attended and enabled: (i) exchange of experience and information among the countries in the sub-region, for example, best practice in managing inland clearance terminal (ICT) or introducing selectivity in Customs clearance procedures; (ii) presentation followed by discussions of the findings of studies and surveys by consultants as well as such other related initiatives as the PRO Committees experience and EU PHARE and CARDS special assistance programs; (iii) regular tracking of the progress made in the implementation of the various TTFSE projects in member countries and discussing the generic issues encountered during implementation; and, (iv) strengthening the coordination among the various donors involved in the region, who also usually take part in the meetings, for example, the EU, U.S. Government, World Bank, GTZ, etc. In addition, it has become a custom that the SECI PRO meeting be organized back to back with the RSC, thus enabling better public/private cooperation and interaction. As a result of their interaction at the RSC sessions, certain border control agencies began to increase informal communication with their counterparts in neighboring countries. 4) Monitoring of performance Under the monitoring of the U.S. funded SECI/TTFSE Advisory Teams (STATs), teams of border control officials have been collecting data on border crossing and clearance times and such related activities as the rate of physical examinations and the number of times irregularities were detected as a result of these examinations. The methodology for this collection has been constantly reviewed and improved based on the lessons learned during implementation for not only consistency across the region but replication in such other locations as the Southern Caucasus, and Russia. At the national level, a number of simple indicators are monitored annually, which combine different values giving a broad view of the cost effectiveness of the Customs administrations. These are: (i) revenue collected/Customs staff; (ii) total Customs cost/revenue collected; (iii) salaries/revenue collected; (iv) trade volume/staff; (v) declarations/staff; and (vi) cost/declaration. Although somewhat global and possibly even arbitrary, the combination of these indicators shows the trend in the evolution of the countries. For example, Exhibit 9 illustrates that in all TTFSE countries, the average revenue collected by staff has increased substantially over the 1999-2004 period. Excluding the 2002 start-up of Montenegro the increase has ranged from 98 percent to 294 percent, averaging at 159 percent.

7 Bucharest (Romania), June 2000; Sofia (Bulgaria), Sept. 2000; Tirana (Albania), Feb. 2001; Cavtat (Croatia), Nov. 2001, Belgrade (Yugoslavia), June 2002; Chisinau (Moldova), February 2003; Sarajevo (BiH), April 2004.



9

Exhibit 9. Revenue Collection/Staff by TTFSE Country

Country 1999 2003

(% increase from 1999) 2004

(% Increase from 1999) Albania 270,000 421,000 56 535,000 98 BiH 205,000 359,000 75 498,000 143 Bulgaria 257,000 498,000 93 715,000 178 Croatia 731,000 1,405,000 92 1,621,000 122 Macedonia 297,000 586,000 97 708,000 138 Moldova 76,000 (2000) 145,000 91 185,000 143 Romania 276,000 839,000 204 1,089,000 295 Serbia 1,788(2000*) 3,892 118 5,339 198 Montenegro 2,453(2002*) 3,136 28 3,167 29 Average excluding Serb-Mont. and with Serb-Mont. 101%/95% 159%/149% The total cost of the Customs service compared to the revenue colle cted is a useful index that reflects on the strategy of respective administrations, in terms of salaries and running costs (but exclusive of capital investment), compared to the evolution of the foreign trade and the tariff policy. The more recently introduced indicator of the ratio of cost per declaration reflects the efficiency of Customs administrations. The ability to compare results achieved from one country to the other also provides decision makers with a management tool, which describes the cost effectiveness of the administration.8 (See annex 2 for detailed data and graphics).

8 More refined studies can be subsequently carried out at the field level to evaluate the optimal staffing and budget necessary to run, for example, an isolated Customs house.



10

5) Surveying User Perspective (2001-2003) As stated already, two essential principles of the TTFSE program are: (i) the continuous measurement of performance related to trade and transport facilitation; and, (ii) a strong partnership with users (freight forwarders, Customs brokers, transport operators, traders) and their associations in the eight countries involved. Through these two instruments, decision makers understand better the areas where they need to act and the priority and the type of response they need to formulate in order to meet user expectations. The measurement of user perspectives was organized thanks to a partnership between the World Bank, the Austrian Government, the Consulting firm PlanConsult, and the Chambers of Commerce and PRO-Committees in Southeast Europe. PlanConsult directed the conduct of periodic surveys of users (beginning in 2001 with a pilot group and reaching about 700 in 2003; the survey was not continued in 2004) regarding: (i) their perception of problems confronted by border agencies in SEE; (ii) transport time and cost; (iii) trade evolution; and, (iv) an index of corruption. The five areas tracked included:

• Customs Law • Communications • Procedures • Personnel • Logistics

The survey included users who may have used other BCPs than the pilot sites, and therefore reflects overall national conditions rather than just the incidence at the TTFSE pilot sites. Most problems (formerly all rated as “serious problems”) improved during the survey period and had a maximum rating of “average” or between “average” and “high”. A positive trend can be seen, resulting from the TTFSE program and other initiatives. Most importantly, persons, institutions and companies involved in the survey have become increasingly aware of the problems and are encouraged to articulate them. The results from the “grass roots of the economy”, i.e., the private sector, have prompted the Chambers of Commerce to exercise pressure on the governments and the administrations to achieve improvements in Customs affairs, strengthening the civic culture of the participating countries. PlanConsult also tried to track issues related to recurrence of corruption separately from the five major issues. Although corruption in the public sector has always been known to exist, the understanding of the effects of corruption has grown substantially in the last decade. 9 Customs officers, as a result of their direct contact with goods, have a great scope for corruption. However, the Customs services are usually described as the ones receiving “facilitation payments” at the border, when in fact there are multiple border control agencies involved in such payments. The final goal of the phased cycles has been to hand-over the methodology to local Chambers of Commerce so that the surveys are continued after the life of the program.10 An analysis of the survey results comparing the progress achieved since 1999 was provided in the progress Report for 2003 (additional information is also available on the website, see http://www.seerecon.org/ttfse.)

9 Corruption in the public sector is commonly understood as misuse of public office for private gain 10 This could also be assisted under a TTFSE II Program



11

6) Staff training and Website Development The Trade Facilitation Component, while relatively small in size (2 percent of the project), symbolizes many of the core values of the TTFSE program: (i) regional in nature; (ii) building a wide partnership11 with the participation of local and international NGOs under the umbrella of national committees for the simplification of procedures (the PRO-Committees); (iii) based on feedback received from SMEs involved in trade and transport; (iv) providing access to new opportunities via training and provision of information; (v) funded both by multiple donors (U.S., Dutch) and by the local Chambers of Commerce; and, (vi) supported by the World Bank and a regional consortium of Universities. This component supported trade facilitation awareness raising, through 221 public outreach Programs, including 49 television and radio broadcasts, and 154 articles in newspapers, magazine and publications by the local Chambers of Commerce. The first phase of the implementation involved the preparation of training documents12 on business ethics, corruption, international delivery terms, commercial transaction documents, trade payment methods, transport operations and Customs transit procedures for SMEs. After a train-the-trainer regional effort, each local partner organized seminar units, ensuring a large regional coverage and reaching a total of 126 cities. By the end of 2004, the Chambers of Commerce delivered a total of 306 seminar units with a total attendance of 6016 participants (see Exhibit 10). The seminars were very well received. Ratings of satisfaction and high satisfaction exceeded 97 percent in five countries, and in the last one reached 93 percent, with an overwhelming majority rating the seminars highly satisfactory.

Exhibit 10. Participants Trained by Country in 2004 Type of Grant Country Total Seminar

Units Total Attendance Total Cities

Reached

AlbaPro 48 512 17 BiHPro 48 1155 30 BulPro 50 1004 14 CroatiaPro 44 796 6 MakPro 42 822 19

Grant A

RomPro 51 1099 21 Grant B SCGPro 18 517 9

Grant C MoldPro 5 111 5

TOTAL 306 6016 121

11 See http://www.seerecon.org/RegionalInitiatives/TTFSE/TTFSERoleParties.pdf 12 See these documents at: http://ecaweb.worldbank.org:8080/Transport.nsf/Training%20Materials?OpenView&Count=10&Start=1



12

Exhibit 11. Seminar Attendance SEMINAR EXECUTION: LOCATIONS REACHED (TTFSE SEMINAR EXECUTION)

LIST OF CITIES REACHED (YEAR III) • ALBANIA Berat, Fier, Permet, Durres, Elbasan, Gramsh, Lushnje, Kavaja, Librazhd, Lezhe, Vlore, Korca, Shkodra, Gjirokaste, Pogradec, Rreshen • BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Mostar, Trebinje, Sarajevo, Orasje, Brcko, Zenica, Doboj, Bos. Brod, Banja Luka, Bihac, Tuzla, Bijeljina Bihac, Tuzla, Livno, Siroki Brijeg, Neum, Gorazde • BULGARIA Triavna, Haskovo, Rousse, Gabrovo, Pleven, Plovdiv, Sevlievo, Dryanovo, Shoumen, Stara Zagora, Sliven, Varna, Sofia • CROATIA Zagreb, Osijek • FYR MACEDONIA Skopje, Tetovo, Veles, Ohrid, Gevgelija, Kavadarci • ROMANIA Bucuresti, Calarasi, Galati, Iamolita, Slobozia, Maramures, Baia Mare, Iasi, Prahova, Ploiesti, Bihor, Oradea, Vrancea, Foscani, Alba Iulia, Valcea, Ramnicu • SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO Belgrade, Valjevo, Uzice, Nis, Vojvodine, Kraljevo, Subotica, Montenegro • MOLDOVA Balti, Edinet, Orhei, Ungheni, Causeni, Lapusna, Cahul, Gagauzia, Soroca, Chisinau



13

The cost of these seminars was equally co-financed by the local Chambers of Commerce and the US Bureau of Cultural Affairs (State Department). Because they built on a variety of synergies, the average costs of each seminar delivery was a very cost effective US$100 per attendee per training unit. In addition to the conventional training seminars, the TTFSE program offered new tools to allow for more comprehensive training in road transport operations and initiated a similar approach with freight forwarding industry. The Trade Facilitation Component supported the piloting and rollout of two distance learning programs for road transport managers, with professional certification, in Southeast Europe under the leadership of the International Road Transport Union (IRU). This effort was jointly implemented with the road transport associations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Albania, Croatia, Bulgaria and Romania, with Dutch and U.S. grant-funding secured through the program and the Global Facilitation Partnership for Transportation and Trade (www.gfptt.org). About 100 participants received an internationally recognized, EU-compatible, IRU Certificate of Professional Competence as a result of the pilot. The training center in Bosnia and Herzegovina also became fully certified by the IRU, while centers in Albania and Croatia applied for such IRU certification. Once certified, the centers can reuse the program to deliver both distance learning and conventional training leading to IRU Diplomas. The IRU program has been further rolled out to Russia and China. A similar approach has been initiated to pilot a training program for freight forwarders, in four TTFSE countries, in partnership with the international freight forwarders' association, FIATA. The training institute of the Chamber of Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina successfully obtained validation of their freight forwarding blended learning course on March 10 at the Headquarters Session of FIATA in Zurich, as per the decision of the FIATA Advisory Body on Vocational Training. It enables freight forwarders to receive high quality training and diplomas in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with global recognition. Over the past three years, the Chambers of Commerce and other designated bodies also participated in the design and development of a regional website (www.ttfse.org) aimed at providing comprehensive information to traders and road transport SMEs on official border agency operations and requirements in the region as well as other user-specific transport information. Each TTFSE country established a mechanism to ensure that all border agencies provide the relevant information. During 2004 the responsible national agencies continued to upload content on the site, enabling it to play its role as content portal on TTF matters in the respective countries. The software platform has been improved, but content collection is still proving difficult, given the large number of participants involved and the need to evolve a new culture of inter-agency cooperation in the region. The Trade Facilitation Component also included two major visitor exchange programs to the U.S. for senior government and business representatives. These programs provided an opportunity to learn about U.S. experience in trade facilitation, particularly by conducting multiple interviews of users and border agency representatives at the Mexican border, using the Trade Facilitation Audit developed by the Global Facilitation Partnership for Transportation and Trade, to review the situation.



14

7) Evaluation of the economic impact of the TTFSE Program

The TTFSE program has been broadly recognized by the participating countries for its contribution to a reduction of waiting times. A review of economic benefits linked to those time reductions has been carried out for the period up to 2004 at national level as well as regionally. Shown below in Exhibit 12 is an assessment of the cost savings achieved by the countries of the TTFSE program as a result of a reduction in waiting time. The overall cost savings monitored is estimated to be a minimum of about US$64 million for the year 2004.

The calculations were based on data gathered from 30 different border crossing points and inland clearance terminals from all the TTFSE countries except Moldova, which, as the newest member of the program, did not have suitable data for drawing reliable conclusions by end 2004.

The calculation for 2004, in contrast to that for 2003, includes cost savings related to exit times, where such information is available. Other than that, the methodology remained the same which means that the traffic time reduction is calculated based on the entry, exit and traffic data provided by the countries. Border crossing performance measurement was based on the time taken by vehicles to cross the border entering the country until they were released for the onward, inland journey. For clearance terminals, the time is measured from the moment a truck enters the clearance terminal until the moment when the declaration is released by Customs. It, therefore, includes the time for: (i) declaration preparation by the broker or importer; (ii) declaration acceptance and processing by Customs; (iii) physical examination of the goods, and, (iv) payment of duty. For simplification, the calculation assumes that the estimated waiting time value is US$300 per truck per day. Total cost reduction is calculated as the economic result of the traffic time reduction. Cost reduction for a specific pilot site is the cumulative cost reduction realized from the beginning of the project (base year) until the end of 2004. Total cost savings are simply the sum of the respective cost reductions of the seven countries.

It is worth underlining that the minimum of US$64 million is a very conservative estimate based on calculations of the data at the pilot sites of the TTFSE program. The assumption of the US$300 cost per truck per day was used as a conservative average. It is worth noting that many of the export and import commodities of the TTFSE countries are highly time sensitive (fashion, apparel, perishable), and their waiting cost should include, in addition, a large opportunity cost as well. Finally, the figure above does not attempt to measure the significant time savings that result from upgrading information systems at non-pilot locations, although the program covers such upgrades in several of the countries. Although such additional cost savings have not been included in the figure of US$64 million for year 2004, they undoubtedly have been achieved.

Exhibit 12 below presents the gains in waiting times and cost savings 2004 for each of the countries. Gains in waiting time are presented in relative terms as a result of the comparison of the waiting times at the start of the project and at the end of 2004. The last column shows the cost reduction achieved in 2004 compared to the benchmarked year at the beginning of the project.



15

Exhibit 12. Cost savings resulting from time reduction

Average Country Improvement

Gains in Waiting Time

2003 (%)

Gains in Waiting

Time 2004 (%)

Cost Reduction Start-2004

(US$ million)

Albania 46 61 1.0 BiH 56 78 2.5 Bulgaria 70 72 3.2 Croatia 60 53 15.2 Macedonia 61 70 3.2 Romania 41 43 2.1 SaM 33 31 36.5 Total 63.7

Total traffic plays a major multiplying role in determining cost savings. In the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, for instance, despite the great decline in waiting times the cost reduction was not as sharp because of lower levels of traffic. Although they experienced a small increase in waiting times, border crossings and inland terminals with heavy traffic such as Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro, account for a large portion of savings in 2004 (80%). 13 Exhibit 13 provides sensitivity analysis keyed to waiting times and cost savings. 14

Under a possible TTFSE II program, benefits would come for the inclusion of additional sites, particularly on Corridor X and a possible opening up to other modes of transport, especially to those related to rail transportation, and would maximize the cost saving benefits of the time reduction not only for the countries but also for the region.

.

13 Note: The calculation of increased savings also benefited from the inclusion of savings from the reduction of exit times, representing almost 40% of the total savings. Conservatively assuming that the same percentage could have been realized in 2003 would increase the total estimated savings for 2003 to US$20 million

14 Numbers below 1 indicate increase in waiting times and reduced cost savings, and above 1 indicate decrease in waiting times and increased cost savings. A careful look at the table reveals what was explained above, i.e. the two countries with the heaviest traffic, Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro, have the lowest Waiting Time Reduction (SI) and the highest Cost Savings Reduction (SI) which means they offer the most monetary savings. On the other hand countries such as Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina follow the exact opposite path

Exhibit 13. Sensitivity Indicators (SI) Albania BiH Bulgaria Croatia Macedonia Romania SaM

Waiting Time Reduction (SI) 1.33 1.39 1.03 0.88 1.15 1.05 0.94

Cost Savings Reduction (SI) 2.00 0.74 2.91 3.71 1.88 2.10 16.59



16

Lessons Learned to Date The following key points have emerged from reviewing implementation efforts under the TTFSE Program to date:

• The long lines of vehicles waiting to be processed at border crossing points are symptomatic of the need for trade facilitation, and too often governments cite physical deficiencies as the primary cause of the delays. Although the infrastructure at border crossing points and internal clearing houses may need to be upgraded in support of trade facilitation, in and of itself such physical investment is not sufficient to solve the problems causing the delays and hindering trade facilitation. Constrictive regulations, policies, and procedures lead the list of the restraints on trade that need to be addressed in a comprehensive reform approach.

• Popular discussions of trade facilitation often focus on deficiencies in Customs staff and

procedures, which is facile and a gross over-simplification. In fact, in addition to Customs there are multiple agencies responsible for border crossing delays and incidences of corruption, including the border police, veterinary and agricultural services, phyto-sanitary services, and national road administrations.

• Because of the multiple agencies involved and the overall institutional setting in which

these agencies must operate, a comprehensive reform approach must be taken, along with management focus on facilitation and implementation of practical measures,

• to ensure sustainable trade facilitation results. For example, in many cases legislative

reform is necessary as a foundation for introducing procedural changes. Projects may be able to address only a portion of the package of issues. In such cases sustainability will be at risk unless parallel actions are underway.

• It is highly advantageous to start the policy dialogue for the reform process well in

advance of project program start-up, and to involve all the key stakeholders.

• Communication problems between and among the multiple border agencies represent a major limit on coordination and collaboration and the implementation of reform. Deficiencies in collaboration and information sharing exist between border control agencies at the borders, between border offices and their respective headquarters, between the various headquarter agencies, and across borders between counterpart agencies.

• Building a tradition of inter-agency communication and information sharing as well as

building the mechanisms on which such communication can be based, needs a high-level government commitment and ideally a champion. Such a champion needs to be able to direct concerns to the highest levels of management in the ministries responsible for the agencies engaged in border control. This implies knowledge of the national political system and the power to navigate through that system.

• A central task in the reform process is formation of a new work culture . Centrally this

means substituting a culture of facilitation for the current culture of control and regulation. Senior management in border crossing agencies need to communicate the appropriate attitudes of such a culture and need on their own part to have the change management skills necessary in order to promote such a new culture.



17

• The availability of accurate and timely information is the backbone of transparency

and can significantly assist the reform process. Such information is essential for tracking of performance indicators that enable monitoring various aspects of trade facilitation within a country as well as providing comparison across borders. In many countries information is considered a “commodity” for which one should pay and it is not freely disseminated. This mentality can be especially limited to efforts to establish web-site sources for information.

• An essential concern of trade facilitation reform is addressing a reduction in the

incidence of corruption. This usually should be part of a larger national agenda, but there are sector specific aspects. The introduction of single window and electronic payments, for example can greatly reduce the opportunity for rent seeking activities on the part of border crossing agency staff. Approaching corruption reduction from an incentive perspective is essential.

• Trade facilitation almost always requires strengthening the role of the private sector,

including freight forwarders, transport operators, and such trade interest groups as chambers of commerce. The private sector has a strong economic interest in seeing improvements and can play a significant watch-dog function. Certain commercial interests, however, may have established favored informal relations with government officials and resist change, especially if it means increased transactional transparency.

• An especially important concept for effective simplification of customs control is the

introduction of selectivity into the clearance process. The acceptance of this concept is often resisted as a result of the “control mentality” of border crossing point agents. Advocacy of selectivity by outside specialists may be the starting point, but it must be internally owned by the respective Customs administration.

• The various processes necessary for the promotion of trade facilitation take time. In most

cases the process needs seven to ten years , extending well beyond the usually three to fours years of project life.

• Ownership of the TTFSE was heightened by regional interest in accession to the EU

and the harmonization requirements implied therein. The development of common transport and Customs standards within a region has clear economic advantages for trade facilitation but may not be as strong a drawing card as EU accession has been.

• The replication and scaling up of lessons learned in trade facilitation to other sites must

always be reset within the specific context of the site where the application is to take place as well as taking into account relevant national systems impacting on trade. The application action plan needs to be prepared on a comprehensive basis with the ownership of the various stakeholders that are involved. The economic rate of return for such replication is likely to be considerable.

• The complexity of civil works at BCPs must not be underestimated: border crossings

must remain fully operational while works are executed, requiring careful planning and coordination between border agencies, custom agents, utility companies and other border crossing stakeholders. Project implementation plans should give due consideration to this complexity, in order to avoid unrealistic completion scheduling.



18

Next Steps: On to TTFSE II From the inception of the initial concept for the TTFSE Program, the sustainability of achievements was a concern. Assuring that the application of a new work culture associated with the introduction of new policies and procedures survived beyond the life of the program needed to be based on more than an act of faith. Continued interagency cooperation would require high-level ownership, and the replication of lessons learned to other sites would be necessary to maximize the impact achieved at the pilot sites. All this suggested the need for a follow-up reinforcement process in the form of a TTFSE II Program. Accordingly the originating MoU provided for a seven year life for the RSC 15. Most of the TTFSE countries have expressed an interest in such follow-up support and are considering the various options for participation in follow-up regional trade and transport facilitation activities. The later closing dates for Serbia and Montenegro and Moldova provide a useful bridge for interim dialogue, and the RSC continues as a coordinating mechanism whose life can readily be extended even as a permanent regional institution. Capitalizing on the lessons learned and best practices from TTFSE, and taking into account trade facilitation activities of other agencies, there is a need to rethink the focus for a second phase. While TTFSE has so far focused on carrying out procedural customs related reforms on road border crossing points, the program has also identified further areas of development regarding: (i) coordination and cooperation among various border agencies; (ii) supply chain management through strengthening communication and information sharing across all stakeholders in the logistical process; (iii) interoperability of transport systems; (iv) promotion of transport system innovations (multi-modal systems, Motorways of the Sea concepts); and, (v) strengthening intra- and inter-modal competition along core transport corridors, enhancing their competitiveness. These issues are common to the countries involved in the TTFSE program and warrant a broadening of the scope of the program towards the inclusion of other modes and introduction of a regional approach to trade facilitation requiring coordinated efforts between countries along core transport corridors. Wherever necessary, this approach would also complement on-going efforts to curb corruption and smuggling. Preliminary discussions have led to a basic program concept. The proposed TTFSE II program will focus on the main trans-European transport corridors as defined by the European Council of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) in 1994. The Bank, in conjunction with the EU and other financial partners, is in a unique position to provide support to the potential program countries because (i) the Bank’s worldwide experience in promoting trade and improving logistics allows it to assist governments and the private sector to develop strategies, implement procedures, and identify necessary investments and financing mechanisms that will reduce economic distance to global markets; (ii) it can build on the innovative mechanisms, popularity and ownership gained under TTFSE, applying best practices and lessons learned; and (iii) it can coordinate with and complement the on-going country and sector assistance from the EU. Furthermore, by expanding the scope to include facilitation of international rail and possibly maritime transport, TTFSE II will supplement the EU strategy to address modal imbalances through promotion of rail transport

15 Signed on February 10, 2000, in Skopje, Macedonia, the MoU committed the participants to join the Regional Steering Committee of the TTFSE and to collaborate in the resolution of common problems constraining trade in the region, as well as to provide the basis for discussing best practice for the resolution of the common trade and transport facilitation problems.



19

and the development of transport innovations, such as the EU promoted ‘motorways of the sea’. Such an approach is also endorsed by, and compatible with, the strategies of such EU-neighboring countries as Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Georgia, Armenia and Moldova. The World Bank has already undertaken identification missions in Bulgaria and Macedonia while Romania, Turkey, and Croatia hosted brainstorming sessions on the potential TTFSE II in early 2004. Recently, Croatia has embarked on the preparation of a Bank supported Trade and Transport Integration project, which includes trade and transport facilitation along Corridor Vc. The Government of Albania has expressed interest in launching preparations for the start-up of the TTFSE II. As a result of the later start of the TTFSE project in Serbia and Montenegro as well as in Moldova, the Bank has not yet initiated brainstorming session for these countries for follow-up projects. Nevertheless, these on-going TTFSE projects will allow for regional cooperation and dialogue. Although not included in the first TTFSE program, Turkey and Kosovo have expressed interest to participate in TTFSE II as well.

The proposed TTFSE II program is expected to include the following main components: • Corridor Infrastructure Enhancement • Institutional Capacity Strengthening • Strengthening of intra- and intermodal competition • Promoting Interoperability of Transport Systems • Information Technology Strengthening • Private Sector Capacity Strengthening

The initiative offers a unique opportunity to the region to advance on the EU integration agenda in the trade and transport sector, to accelerate economic development by reducing economic distance to markets, to improve competitiveness of transport systems and to optimize the use and capacity of core transport corridors. Moreover, it would enhance the establishment of a common framework for trade and transport facilitation in the region, which will send a very positive signal to those interested in investment and economic opportunities in the region.



20

Status of Components as of December 2004

Albania

The project consists of the following five components:

Component Description Comments a. Customs Services Procedures Reform US$0.8 million

Includes: (i) monitoring and review of Customs procedures; and, (ii) enhancing interagency awareness and training.

Improved results over the last year but not all macro indicators reached.

b. Trade Facilitation Development US$0.4 million

Includes: (i) provision of technical assistance and advisory services to trade and international transport participants through the Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Trade (Alba-Pro-Committee); (ii) improvement of communication between border control agencies and trading community by using a virtual forum; and, (iii) provision of equipment to support information availability.

(i) 48 seminar units since start (512 attendees); (ii) the uploading of data to the website reached 90%; (iii) completed.

c. Support to Integrated Customs Information System (ICIS) US$2.3 million

Includes: (i) equipment for ICIS and communication improvement; and, (ii) a regional program of experience-sharing. This component will stimulate regional and inter-agency cooperation.

Contracts completed and equipment delivered. installation underway.

d. Improvement of Roads and Border Crossing Facilities US$8.2 million

Includes: (i) rehabilitation of Qafe-Thane and Morina border crossings; (ii) equipment for enforcing the processing and investigation capacity at Customs stations; and (iii) rehabilitation and completion of road and bridge works at Lezhe connection, Fushe Kruje-Mamurrassi, and Librazhd-Qafe Thane; and, (iv) design and supervision of the civil works.

Completed.

e. Program and Project Implementation US$0.6 million

Includes the services required to support implementation of the program. At the regional level these will consist of the secretariat services to the RSC and at the national level the auditors and procurement consultants, the Project Implementation Team (PIT) staff, the establishment of a financial management system, and training to the PIT.

Completed.

Unlike other TTFSE projects, the TTFSE project in Albania includes limited technical assistance on Customs service reform, since the European Commission has a large program in that field, through CAM-A. The project therefore has focused on border and related roads infrastructure improvements. The U.S. Customs assistance within the project provides support on performance indicators measurements.



21

Progress in Project Implementation. All project components have been completed except the telecommunication package, which was re-bid, thus causing an extension of the Credit Closing Date to March 31, 2005. All credit funds have been committed and the disbursement was at $5,662,000 or 91.3% of the total credit amount as of November 1, 2004. The action plan for the pilot sites of Tirana and Durres, which was agreed with the Borrower in December 2003, for improving the pilot performance indicators and reducing Customs and border agencies' processing time has resulted in some improvements, but not as much as expected. What has been achieved? Regarding the overall Customs performance, it should be recorded that the revenue collected by Customs increased in 2004 compared to 2003, and is well above the target as a result of Customs’ good work on anti smuggling and customs crime deterrence. The revenue collected per staff increased significantly from US$270,000 in 1999 to US$535,000 by 2004, and also reached the target. This represented an increased of 98 percent (Note that the increase from 1999 to 2003 had represented an increased of 56 percent). The Customs cost indicator has improved compared to previous years and at 1.6 percent of the revenue collected in 2004 be close to the target of 1.5 percent. The other macro indicators have not reached the target. The performance indicators at the pilot sites have improved, but some of them have yet to reach the targets. The trade facilitation development component has advanced on both the conventional training and the regional website. The training for the private sector in trade, transport and logistic s has continued successfully with 24 seminar units in 12 cities and almost 300 participants over the first two years of implementation. The TTFSE regional website become operational in June 2003 and Alba-PRO (now reorganized under the Chamber of Commerce) remains active in uploading and updating the Albania country site. The uploading of the data has reached over 90 percent.

Remaining Issues (Closing Date March 31, 2005)

§ Institutionalize periodic meeting of all agencies involved in the project to review progress and address issues;

§ Discontinue practice of weighing all trucks at Durres and the breaking of TIR seals on trucks in Tirana (use selectivity and introduce green channels);

§ Prepare and submit proposal to Bank for use of credit savings; and, § Speed up rolling out of the selectivity module of ASYCUDA so positive results can be

observed before the project closure. § Need to improve performance in areas where targets are close to being met.



22

§

Bosnia-Herzegovina

The project consists of the following three components:

Component Description Comments a-1. Improvement of Border Crossing and Customs Facilities -Republika Srpska US$4.2 million

Includes: (i) construction of buildings and canopies at the Raca border crossing; (ii) construction of an inland truck terminal; (iii) purchase and installation of weighing scales; (iv) purchase of laboratory equipment and corresponding training; (v) design and supervision of works; (vi) technical services to monitor RSCA's performance at pilot sites; and, (vii) training to enhance inter-agency awareness and cooperation. These activities would complement ongoing reform efforts by the RSCA supported by the CAFAO.

(i) construction for Raca to be complete January 2005; (ii) weighing scales purchased and installed; (iii) laboratory equipment delivered, but not yet installed; (iii) design and supervision of works are ongoing; and (iv) pilot sites measurement is ongoing. Positive cooperation with CAFAO.

a-2. Improvement of Border Crossing and Customs Facilities –Federation US$9.4 million

Includes: (i) construction of part of the new border stations at Izacic and Orasje; (ii) reconstruction and building of inland terminals, including required information technology infrastructure; (iii) design and supervision services; (iv) technical services to monitor FCA's performance at pilot sites; and, (v) training to enhance inter-agency awareness and cooperation. These activities would complement ongoing reform efforts by the FCA supported by the CAFAO.

(i) construction of new border stations at Izacic completed January 2005; (ii) Orasje completed; (iii) design of the border crossings Kamensko and Gorica completed; and, (iv) monitoring is ongoing. Positive cooperation with CAFAO.


Includes: (i) provision of conventional and distance learning training to participants in trade, logistics and international freight transport in cooperation with the Chamber of Economy (BCE) and other professional associations in the field of road transport; (ii) improvement of cooperation between public and private parties using a virtual forum; and, (iii) creation of a website and provision of corresponding equipment to support information availability.

(i) completed with 48 seminars and 512 trained, internationally recognized distance learning program for road transport operators; (ii) multiple public outreach events; and, (iii) website is mainly uploaded.

c. Program and Project Implementation US$0.8 million

Includes the services required to support the regional and national implementation of the project. The regional support will consist of the secretariat services to the RSC. The national support will comprise the support of procurement advisors and of an accountant, external auditing services, support in the establishment of a financial management system, and training to the Project Manager and his Project Implementation Team.

Continuing.



23

As in Albania, the TTFSE project in Bosnia and Herzegovina does not include sizable technical assistance for Customs reform, since the European Commission has a large program of technical assistance in that field delivered by the CAFAO. As such the project focuses on infrastructure improvement and performance measurements from the user standpoint.

Progress in Project Implementation. The overall implementation progress remains satisfactory with all components close to completion. All project components have been contracted, and completion dates run from January to April of 2005. As March 31, 2005, the total disbursement was about US$8.3 million or 89.5 percent of the credit amount. What has been achieved. The performance at the macro level has been affected by the signed free trade agreements, which have considerably reduced the revenue from Customs duties. This drop in Customs revenue was partially compensated with the introduction of new taxes collected on excise goods at the borders. The performance at pilot sites, in terms of process times and other indicators is at or close to the targets except for some indicators at the Banja Luka ICS. Compared with the other participating countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina is now one of the best performers in Southeast Europe at its TTFSE pilot sites. The revenue collected per staff increased dramatically from US$205,000 in 1999 to US$498,000 by 2004. This represented an increase of 143 percent (Note that the increase from 1999 to 2003 had represented an increased of 75 percent). The ratio of total customs cost to revenue collect improved to 2.78 percent. Under the Trade Facilitation Component, 48 seminar units had offered 1,155 staff of SMEs in the trade, transport and logistic sector seminars to refresh their skills on Incoterms, methods of payment, business ethics, commercial transaction documents and transport operations.

Remaining Issues (Closing Date September 30, 2005)

§ Provide permanent premises for the laboratory equipment in Banja Luka. § Establishing the joint facilities at Izacic. § Complete the remaining data entry in the regional TTFSE website.



24

Bulgaria


Component Description Comments a. Bulgarian Customs Administration (BCA) Institutional Reform US$0.9 million

Includes: (i) technical services to monitor BCA's performance; (ii) technical services to streamline operations at two border posts and one inland terminal on a pilot basis; and, (iii) training for inter-agency awareness and cooperation. This technical support complements ongoing EU activities to help implement the BCA strategic plan. Cooperating partners in the Inter-Ministerial Council on Border Point Issues will be involved in the definition of the new procedures and combat against fraud.

Substantial progress except in area of detection, which needs verification and resolution.


Includes: (i) provision of technical assistance and advisory services to trade and international transport participants through the Chamber of Commerce; (ii) improvement of cooperation between public and private parties using a virtual forum; and, (iii) provision of equipment to support information availability.

(i) 1,004 participants have been trained under the project on topics such as trade procedures and documentation, transport contracts, INCOTERMS; (ii) multiple public outreach events; and, (iii) operational and uploaded website.

c. Improvement of Bulgaria Integrated Customs Information System (BICIS) US$0.1 million

Includes a regional experience-sharing program on integrated systems for border agencies. This component will stimulate regional and interagency cooperation.

Not used (replaced by EU funding so far).

d. Improvement of Border Crossing Facilities US$10.5 million

Includes civil works and improvement of the utilities at six border posts: (i) exit and entry processing lanes; (ii) new buildings; (iii) booths and canopies; (iv) utilities; (v) heating; (vi) sanitary and electrical systems; and, (vii) truck terminal areas at (i) Gyueshevo, (ii) Vidin, (iii) Rousse, (iv) Kapitan Andreevo, (v) Kulata and, (vi) Bourgas. It also comprises design and supervision of the civil works.

(i) the works at Guyeshevo started; (ii) the works at Vidin are in progress (iii) the works at Rousse completed; (iv) and (v) the works at Kapitan Andreevo and Kulata are in progress; and, (vi) completion of the works at Bourgas projected for December 2004. Progressed being carefully monitored.


Includes the services required to support the regional and national implementation of the project. The regional support will consist of secretariat services to the RSC. The national support will comprise the services of an auditor and procurement advisors, the establishment of a financial management system, incremental operating costs and training to the Project Manager and its Project Implementation Team.

Continuing.



25

Progress in Project Implementation. The BCA has met the project development objectives, with annual increases in revenue collected. The revenue collected per staff increased dramatically from US$257,000 in 1999 to US$715,000 by 2004. This represented an increase of 178 percent (Note that the increase from 1999 to 2003 had represented an increase of 93 percent). The ratio of total Customs cost to revenue collected improved to 1.0 percent, which is the best in the region. All contracts have been awarded and the total amount disbursed as of March 31, 2005 was US$6.8 million or about 68.6% of the dollar value of the project. Reallocation proposals have been prepared. The project was extended for 12 months because of the delay in the procurement of civil works. What has been achieved? Macro performance has continued to improve in 2004. BCA is continuing to work with replicating the approach at the TTFSE pilot sites to other sites in the country. Having experienced some difficulties in the implementation of the already approved replication plan, the BCA has upgraded the plan and is developing more detailed guidelines for use on a number of selected locations.

BULPRO has made very good progress in implementing the trade facilitation component. A total of 50 seminars have trained 1,004 staff. The Vidin-Calfat Grant, conceptually linked to the TTFSE Project has been extended for six months, and all contracts have been awarded. Careful monitoring will be required to ensure completion by the close of the grant. There may be some cost savings. Remaining Issues (Closing Date September 30, 2005) § Replicate performance monitoring at other BCPs. § Reallocation of unallocated funds



26

Croatia


Component Description Comments a. Institutional Reform on Customs Procedures US$1.4 million

Includes: (i) technical services to define and prepare required legal amendments, bylaws and administrative regulations to fulfill Customs functions while facilitating legitimate trade, in cooperation with other agencies; (ii) technical services to prepare and introduce new Customs procedures and documentation; (iii) technical services to reform the CDRC; (iv) technical services to monitor CDRC performance; (v) technical services to streamline operations on a pilot basis; and, (vi) training to enhance inter-agency awareness and cooperation. This complements implementation of the CDRC strategy.

(i) legal amendments adopted; (ii) to (vi) substantially accomplished.


Includes: (i) provision of conventional and distance learning training to participants in trade, logistics and international freight transport through the Croatian Chamber of Economy (CCE); (ii) improvement of Cooperation between public and private parties using a virtual forum; and, (iii) creation of a website and provision of corresponding equipment to support information availability.

(i) 44 seminar units trained 796 participants; (ii) multiple public outreach events; and (iii) operational and uploaded website.

c. Support to CDRC Information System Improvement US$8.0 million

Includes: (i) software and technical services to enable exchange of all information related to trade (electronic data interchange, electronic signature, digital payment) with other border inspection agencies, users and neighboring countries; (ii) software and technical assistance to support operation (selectivity, tariffs); (iii) hardware needed to improve the current information system (equipment availability and telecommunication) at border crossings and Customs offices; and, (iv) a regional experience-sharing program on integrated systems for border agencies to stimulate regional and interagency cooperation.

IT network of Customs completed, but fourth package of IT not completed.


Includes improvements of the border crossing facilities at Slavonski Brod, Gunja, Maljevac and Samac. These border posts are located on the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. The component will consist of paving and service lanes, the provision of building modules and buildings, lighting and canopies, and drainage and other utilities at the four border stations.

Work at all 4 BCPs finished.


Includes the services required to support the regional and national implementation of the project.

Completed.



27

Progress in Project Implementation. The project has made good progress as far as project implementation is concerned, with all civil works completed at four border crossing points (BCPs) and the building works. The IT networking of Customs is completed but the procurement of the fourth package of the IT component was delayed and not completed. What has been achieved? The revenue collected per staff increased considerably from US$7310, 000 in 1999 to US$1,621,000 by 2004. This represented an increased of 122 percent (Note that the increase from 1999 to 2003 had represented an increase of 92 percent). The ratio of total Customs cost to revenue collected improved to 1.17 percent exceeding the target of 1.5 percent. Performance at border crossing points has improved to a large extent, but delays in implementing selective controls and advance processing at pilot sites, as well as difficulties in modifying procedures of other border agencies, have continued to impact performance at some of the pilot sites. Training of transport and trade companies, organized under the project by the Chamber of Economy and the Road Transport Association has been very successful. Forty four seminar units in 6 cities have trained 796 participants. The TTFSE website was uploaded by March 2004; although, further changes are required. Remaining Issues (Closing Date, March 31, 2005) § Continue implementation of the Action Plan for Pilot Sites in order to meet the targets

with a focus on advance processing, traffic management and selective processing § Testing of selectivity module for December 2005 rollout § Start replication of performance measurement at other sites



28

Macedonia


Component Description Comments a. Customs Administration Institutional Reform16 US$2 million

Includes: (i) improvement of Customs procedures; (ii) assistance to streamline operations at three border posts and one inland terminal on a pilot basis; (iii) Customs training in new procedures, and training for interagency awareness and cooperation; and, (iv) organizational restructuring of the MCA.

Substantial progress on (i) use of risk analysis and selectivity, (ii) enforcement, (iii) simplification and user-friendly Customs procedures; and, (iv) cross-border cooperation with Bulgaria.


Includes activities to be financed by the U.S. Government: (i) provision of technical assistance and advisory services to trade and international transport participants through the Economic Chamber; (ii) improvement of communication between border control agencies and trading community by using a virtual forum; and, (iii) provision of equipment to support information availability.

(i) 42 seminar units (822 participants); (ii) operational website structure, progress in uploading – but some agencies don’t provide the necessary information.

c. Improvement in Integrated Customs Information System (ICIS) US$5.6 million

Includes: (i) software and assistance for information system improvement; (ii) hardware and works for ICIS and communication improvement; (iii) ICIS personnel training; and, (iv) a regional program of experience-sharing. This component will stimulate regional and inter-agency cooperation.

(i) Procurement completed and all hardware delivered and related training completed. ; (ii) last contract under execution; (iii) completed; and, (iv) no activity to date.


Includes: (i) rehabilitation and a new truck terminal at Tabanovce border crossing; (ii) improvement of Deve Bair border crossing; (iii) improvement of Kafasan border crossing; (iv) equipment for enhancing the processing capacity at Customs stations, and improving the MCA's training capacity; and, (v) design and supervision of the civil works.

Civil works contracts started under (i), (ii), and (iii); (iv) completed; and, (v) design completed, supervision under way. Completion of (i) before closing is at risk.


Services required to support implementation of the project: assistance to implementation team, training, financial management system, etc.

Continuing.

Progress in Project Implementation. Procurement under the project has been completed. The execution of the civil works contracts for improvement of border crossing points has been

16 In 2003 the EU deployed a Customs Assistance and Fiscal Affairs Office (CAFAO) in Macedonia. The overall goal of CAFAO is to assist the MCA in implementing the EU blueprint covering all thirteen aspects of Customs activities and procedures.



29

delayed as a result of cumbersome procedures in obtaining construction permits, beyond Customs authority. This has triggered a one year extension of the project closing date, from June 30, 2004 to June 30, 2005. The implementation of civil works contract has gained momentum, but there is a risk that the contract for works at Tabanovce will not be completed before the new closing date. As of March 31, 2005 about US$7.0 or 67.4 percent of the inflated credit amount has been disbursed. What has been achieved? The new Customs Administration Law was adopted by Parliament and became effective July 12, 2004. Performance indicators mainly met, and recorded performance is among the best in the region. The main project beneficiary - Macedonia Customs Administration (MCA) - is one of the most advanced and committed among TTFSE program countries to procedural reforms, transparency, fighting against smuggling and corruption, and inter-agency and regional cooperation. These reforms are reflected in significant improvements of performance indicators monitored under the project. The revenue collected per staff increased dramatically from US$297,000 in 1999 to US$708,000 by 2004. This represented an increase of 138 percent (Note that the increase from 1999 to 2003 had represented an increase of 97 percent). The ratio of total Customs cost to revenue collected stood at 1.17 percent, nearly stable compared to the previous year but well below the startup in 1999. MCA is implementing a series of new initiatives such as (i) clearance of goods by licensed importers at their premises, aimed at increasing Customs efficiency; and, (ii) systematic cross-border information sharing with neighboring countries of Albania, Bulgaria, and Greece (proposed to be started with Serbia and Montenegro), aimed at increasing detection of irregularities and curbing illegal traffic of excised goods between countries. The Risk Analysis Unit (RAU) has increased its cooperation and has established an efficient exchange of information with other departments. Under the Trade Facilitation Component, the training to private sector in trade, transport and logistics has continued successfully with 42 seminar units in 19 cities and 822 participants trained to date. The TTFSE regional website has been operational since April, 2003, under the Economic Chamber of Macedonia.

Remaining Issues (Closing Date, December 31, 2005) § Speed-up the implementation of civil works contracts § Improve the activity of the Customs’ risk analysis unit, and better clarify its role. § Identify ways and means for making the TTFSE website sustainable beyond the project

life.



30

Moldova

The project consists of the following six components:

Component Description Comments a. Strengthening of MDC Institutional Capacity US$1.4 million

Includes technical assistance and training to: (i) improve operations at pilot sites by collecting and refining performance indicators data, facilitating inter-agency local project teams, cooperation and awareness; and, (ii) re -engineer procedures by introducing selectivity and targeting, and strengthening valuation and post-release activities.

(i) started in February 2004 with U.S. Customs assistance; Legislative and Procedural revisions undertaken.

b. Development of Integrated Customs Clearance and Information System (ICCIS) US$6.0 million

Includes provision of technical assistance, equipment, and training to: (i) install and implement the ASYCUDA comprehensive system for Customs clearance assisted by UNCTAD; and, (ii) ensure the computerization of MDC through an integrated package including equipment, software, acquisition and installation of telecommunication, and services.

(i) started in April, 2004, training of staff, roll-out in 2005; (ii) procurement under preparation.

c. Implementation of a Transit and Inland Control System US$0.3 million

Includes acquisition and operation of mobile intervention equipment to strengthen the preventive and enforcement capacity of MDC along major transit routes and the border line. The system requires the establishment and training of a preventive and enforcement unit, and issuance of guidelines for the unit’s activity.

Under analysis; specifications and justifications needed.


Includes minor works, repairs, and vehicle inspection equipment to (i) reorganize the traffic flows and work stations at selected border locations; and, (ii) enhance Customs' control and processing capacity.

Procurement completed; two contracts for canopies.

e. Trade Facilitation Development US$0.4 million

Includes: (i) participation in the regional TTFSE website to ensure full transparency of procedures and requirements of border agencies, and to provide travel information; (ii) provision of conventional and distance learning training to participants in trade, logistics, and international freight transport through the Chamber of Commerce; (iii) distance learning programs for road transport operators and freight forwarders; and, (iv) annual survey of trade and international transport environment.

Component contracted May 2004; (ii) 5 seminars have trained 111 participants.

f. Project Implementation US$0.6 million

Includes the services and office equipment required to support the implementation of the project consisting of the Project Implementation Team (PIT), procurement and information technology advisors, external auditors, the establishment of a financial management system, and training for the PIT staff.

PIT restructured, new project manager May 2004, procurement staff to be contracted.



31

Progress in Project Implementation. The World Bank’s credit became effective in December, 2003, and the U.S. Customs assistance on data collection for monitoring indicators started in February, 2004. The initial collection was marred by irregularities and the process was reorganized in the fall. Local project teams are operational at all pilot sites and a government decree governing their operation passed in June 2004. The current Customs management appears committed to speeding-up the implementation pace to catch-up with the rest of TTFSE program countries. To that end, (i) implementation of ASYCUDA clearance system has started; (ii) preparation of several procurement packages has been undertaken; and, (iii) mechanisms for inter-agency cooperation and information sharing to enable Moldova’s contribution to the TTFSE regional website are being established. In terms of trade facilitation the MoldPro-Committee became effective on September 1, 2004. It held several sessions and sponsored workshops on training in the fall of 2004. There were 5 seminar units that trained 111 participants. Funds for the web-site are being provided through USAID, and a website launch workshop was held in the fall of 2004. The revenue collected per staff increased dramatically from US$76,000 in 2000 to US$185,000 by 2004. This represented an increase of 143 percent (Note that the increase from 2000 to 2003 had represented an increased of 91 percent). The ratio of total Customs cost to revenue collected, however, eroded and rose to 2.61 percent. The disbursement was US$1.4 or about 17.4 percent of the credit amount. Remaining Issues (closing Date, September 30, 2007) § Develop PIT procurement expertise. § Pass the enabling regulation implementation, regulation and selectivity customs brokers

needed for the mobile squads



32

Romania

The project consisted of the following five components:

Component Description Comments a. Customs Administration Institutional Reform US$0.8 million

Includes: (i) assistance to monitor GCD's performance; (ii) assistance to streamline operations at two border posts and one inland terminal on a pilot basis; and, (iii) training for interagency awareness and cooperation. This technical support will complement the on-going EU activities to help implement the GCD's reform strategy.

(ii) substantial progress in introducing and using ASYCUDA selectivity module; (iii) inter-agency cooperation improved.


Includes: (i) provision of technical assistance and advisory services to trade and international transport participants through the Chamber of Commerce and Industry; (ii) improvement of cooperation between public and private parties by using a virtual forum; and, (iii) provision of equipment to support information availability.

(i) 51 seminar units (1,099 participants); (ii) extensive public outreach events; (iii) operational website, transport agencies slow providers of data.

c. Improvement of Integrated Customs Information System (ICIS) US$3.4 million

Includes: (i) hardware for ICIS; (ii) software and assistance for information system improvement; (iii) a regional program of experience-sharing; and, (iv) an inter-departmental information system. This component would stimulate regional and interagency cooperation.

Completed, except (iii).

d. Improvement of Border Crossing Facilities US$17.6 million17

Includes: (i) civil works for expansion of the Siret border crossing (on the highway from Turkey to Kiev); (ii) equipment for the modernization of Constanta Customs station, and for enhancement of processing capacity at this and other major Customs stations; and, (iii) supervision of the civil works.

contracted works completed; mobile x-ray equipment selected instead of stationary site.


Includes the services required to support implementation of the project, including auditors, the PMU staff, the establishment of a financial management system, and training to the PMU.

Closed.

17 This project component cost was reduced by about US$4.5 million.



33

Progress in Project Implementation. All of the contracted works were completed by the revised closing date of June 30, 2004. The contract for supplemental works was taken over by the Investment Department within the GDC. The project closing date was extended by 6 months to enable completion of civil works. About 27 percent of the loan amount was cancelled due to savings and replacement of a procurement package for an expensive fixed X-ray site by one for mobile x-ray units. What has been achieved? Most of the performance targets have been met. Romanian Customs successfully introduced the selectivity module of ASYCUDA, resulting in a 68 percent reduction of import clearance time exceeding the target of 1 hour. The operation of the mobile X-ray equipment purchased with the loan proceeds greatly facilitated the detection of smuggling of narcotics and excised goods. Average border entry time was reduced from 9 hours to l which is less than the target of 2 hours(Constanta) and import clearance time was reduced from 165 minutes to 53 minutes also exceeding the target of 1 hour. The revenue collected per staff increased dramatically from US$276,000 in 1999 to US$1,089,000 by 2004. This represented an increase of 295 percent (Note that the increase from 1999 to 2003 had represented an increase of 204 percent). The ratio of total Customs cost to revenue collected continued to decline down to 1.08percent. The trade facilitation component has made very good progress on the delivery of conventional and distance learning programs to the private sector. A total of 1.099 people have been trained in the delivery of 51 seminar units by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in about 21 cities of Romania. The first distance learning program for road transport operators is operationa l, and has led to certification by the International Road Transport Union (IRU). The second program for freight forwarders was implemented in September 2004, with issuance of a Diploma by the International Freight Forwarders’ Association (FIATA). (Closed, June 30, 2004)



34

Serbia and

Montenegro The proposed project consists of the following four components:

Component Description Comments A1. Modernization of the SCA US$3.2 million

Includes: (i) technical services to coordinate and integrate the various modernizations; (ii) technical services to review and revise laws, regulations and guidelines; (iii) technical services to support the introduction of a preventive and enforcement service in the SCA; (iv) technical services to prepare and introduce new Customs procedures and documentation; (v) technical services to strengthen human resource management; and, (vi) equipment to improve the quality and efficiency of checks.

(i), (ii), (iii) substantial progress in cooperation with CAFAO.

A2. Modernization of the MCA US$0.4 million

Includes: (i) Organizational and procedural review and related reforms at border stations and clearance terminals; and, (ii) introduction of selectivity and targeting in Montenegro. It is expected that the European Commission will provide most of the support for Customs modernization in Montenegro.

(i) ongoing efforts at pilot sites; (ii) tender documents under preparation.

B1. Support to SCA Information System Improvement US$5.4 million

Includes: (i) consulting services; (ii) training and equipment for the information system to establish a fully functional Customs system; and, (iii) the first phase of the single electronic window initiative.

Risk management and selectivity module introduced, finishing Direct Trade Input

B2. Support to MCA Information System Improvement US$0.8 million

Includes computer and telecommunication hardware to equip and connect the various border crossing points and clearance centers and software development to expand the current system and cover selectivity and transit functions.

Hardware and telecommunication network rolled out risk analysis working group set-up.

C. Trade Facilitation Development US$0.6 million

Includes: (i) provision of short training sessions to road transport operators, forwarders, Customs brokers, and traders; (ii) provision of distance learning programs for road transport operators and freight forwarders; (iii) support to the PRO-Committees in the formulation of proposals to facilitate trade, building on a public-private dialogue; (iv) participation in the regional TTFSE website; (v) exchange programs to stimulate experience-sharing on facilitation and border agency reforms; and, (vi) development of a public outreach program and establishment of an Internet-based, multi-national publication.

Grant funding for this component effective as of early 2004 only.

D. Project Implementation US$0.6 million

Includes the services required to support the implementation of the project. These will include training, procurement advisors, external auditors, and support in the establishment of a financial management system.

Continuing.



35

The project provides support to both the Serbian Customs Administration (SCA) and to the Montenegrin Customs Administration (MCA). The project is highly focused on the modernization process and on information technology infrastructure. Progress in Project Implementation. The loan became effective on January 7, 2003. The overall performance of SCA and MCA has improved substantially. The new Customs laws now effective in Serbia and Montenegro provide an enhanced legal basis for the implementation of modern procedures, although more work on implementation regulations is required and some aspects of the Serbian Customs law may need adjustment to comply with EU requirements. Critical bottlenecks in terms of border processing and clearance have been identified through monthly measurements at pilot sites and pertain as much to other border agencies or such private service providers as brokers as they do to Customs. Potential solutions are under consideration. Project progress had been slow for the SCA but has improved since a new management took over in March 2004, with several performance indicator targets exceeded. The MCA has made good progress in the implementation of its components but made less progress at its pilot sites. Disbursement by March 31, 2005 was US$1.5million or about 17.7 percent of the value of the total credit amount. What has been achieved: The new Customs laws in both Republics provide a much enhanced legal environment for traders. Meeting the performance indicators remains an issue for resolution. SCA: The revenue collected per staff increased steeply from US$1,788 in 2000 to US$5,339 by 2004. This represented an increased of 198 percent (Note that the increase from 2000 to 2003 had represented an increase of 118 percent). The ratio of total Customs cost to revenue collected went up to 3.59 percent but was still lower than the high in 2001 of 4.76 percent. MCA: MCA was a late starter and has been tracked separately from Serbia only since 2002. The revenue collected per staff increased from US$2,453 in 2002 to US$3,167 by 2004. This represented an increase of 29 percent (Note that the increase from 1999 to 2003 had represented an increase of 28 percent). The ratio of total Customs cost to revenue collected rose to 1.92 percent. Main Issues (Closing Date, September 30, 2006) § SCA strategic choice for upgrading present information system or adopting ASYCUDA § Improved cooperation between two chambers of commerce § Upgrade procurement skills in PIT and respective Customs Administrations § Improve interagency coordination. § Develop a risk management and selectivity system in the MCA.



36

Annexes

1 - Calendar of Key Events 2 - TTFSE Performance Indicators as of December 2003 3 - Staff Involved in the TTFSE Program 4 - List of Border Crossing and Pilot Sites under the TTFSE Program



37

Annex 1 - Calendar of Key Events

Event Date Observation RSC#1 MOU on TTFSE Program February 2000 Skopje ( Macedonia) TTFSE project for Bulgaria May 2000 WB approval TTFSE project for Romania May 2000 WB approval TTFSE project for Macedonia June 2000 WB approval RSC#2 Meeting June 2000 Bucharest (Romania) RSC#3 Meeting September 2000 Sofia (Bulgaria) TTFSE project for Albania October 2000 WB approval TTFSE project for Croatia October 2000 WB approval TTFSE project for Bosnia and Herzegovina January 2001 WB approval RSC#4 Meeting February 2001 Tirana (Albania) RSC#5 Meeting November 2001 Cavtat (Croatia) TTFSE project for Serbia and Montenegro May 2002 WB approval RSC#6 Meeting June 2002 Belgrade (Yugoslavia) RSC#7 Meeting February 2003 Chisinau (Moldova) TTFSE project for Moldova April 2003 WB approval TTFSE Customs DGs Meeting June 2003 Ochrid (Macedonia) RSC#8 Meeting April 2004 Sarajevo (BiH) RSC#9 Meeting June 2005 (tentative) Montenegro



38

Annex 2 - TTFSE Performance Indicators as of December 2004 A - Customs Related Performance Indicators

1. Revenue collected / Staff ('000 USD)

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Albania 270 358 368 375 431 535

BiH 205 221 229 292 359 498

Bulgaria 257 283 315 355 498 715

Croatia 731 684 746 1,577 1,405 1,621

Macedonia 297 442 381 456 578 708

Moldova -- 76 86 117 145 185

Romania 276 346 429 545 839 1,089

Serbia -- 50 100 180 290 353

Montenegro -- -- -- 489 646 538

REVENUE COLLECTED/STAFF

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Alb

ania

BiH

Bul

garia

Cro

atia

Mac

edon

ia

Mol

dova

Rom

ania

Ser

bia

Mon

tene

gro

US

D t

hous

ands

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

As of 2004 BiH customs have been unified. To facilitate comparison to years 1999-2003, average indicators of the two former custom agencies are used



39

Annex 2 – TTFSE Performance Indicators as of December 2004 A – Customs Related Performance Indicators (continued)

2. Trade volume / Staff (‘000 USD)

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Albania 1,471 1,448 1,446 1,285 2,200 1,875

BiH 2,372 2,215 1,729 2,232 2,515 3,828

Bulgaria 2,508 2,952 3,365 3,651 4,926 6,611

Croatia 3,030 3,707 4,101 5,255 6,344 7,783

Macedonia 4,266 2,554 2,199 2,507 2,955 4,252

Moldova -- 748 884 1,170 1,462 1,697

Romania 3,340 4,178 7,242 7,289 9,720 13,436

Serbia -- 1,788 2,059 2,303 3,892 5,339

Montenegro -- -- -- 2,453 3,136 3,167

TRADE VOLUME/STAFF

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

Alb

ania

BiH

Bul

garia

Cro

atia

Mac

edon

ia

Mol

dova

Rom

ania

Ser

bia

Mon

tene

gro

US

D th

ousa

nds

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004




40

Annex 2 - TTFSE Pe rformance Indicators as of December 2004 A - Customs Related Performance Indicators (continued)

3. Total Customs cost / Revenue collected

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Albania 2.52% 2.59% 2.52% 1.85% 2.00% 1.60%

BiH 3.32% 4.96% 4.46% 3.89% 3.71% 2.78%

Bulgaria 1.37% 1.28% 1.17% 1.30% 1.27% 1.00%

Croatia 1.78% 1.76% 1.59% 0.85% 1.16% 1.17%

Macedonia 2.16% 1.31% 1.39% 1.20% 1.70% 1.70%

Moldova -- 2.09% 2.39% 2.41% 1.90% 2.61%

Romania 1.86% 1.72% 1.58% 1.56% 1.15% 1.08%

Serbia -- 3.10% 4.76% 2.65% 3.31% 3.59%

Montenegro -- -- -- 1.06% 1.34% 1.92%

TOTAL CUSTOMS COST / REVENUE COLLECTED

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

Alb

ania

BiH

Bul

garia

Cro

atia

Mac

edon

ia

Mol

dova

Rom

ania

Ser

bia

Mon

tene

gro

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004


Trade and Transport Facilitation In Southeast Europe Program Progress Report 2004

41


4. Salaries / Revenue collected

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Albania 1.26% 1.46% 1.28% 1.22% 1.40% 1.05%

BiH 2.09% 2.86% 2.24% 2.45% 2.45% 2.26%

Bulgaria 0.66% 0.56% 0.82% 0.98% 0.95% 0.75%

Croatia 1.31% 1.40% 1.22% 0.70% 0.92% 0.94%

Macedonia 1.54% 0.90% 0.92% 0.92% 1.00% 1.20%

Moldova -- 0.95% 1.23% 1.05% 0.80% 0.80%

Romania 0.63% 0.73% 0.54% 0.51% 0.51% 0.51%

Serbia -- 2.23% 2.73% 1.86% 1.78% 1.58%

Montenegro -- -- -- 1.06% 1.25% 1.36%

SALARIES / REVENUE COLLECTED

0.00%

0.50%

1.00%

1.50%

2.00%

2.50%

3.00%

3.50%

Alb

ania

BiH

Bul

garia

Cro

atia

Mac

edon

ia

Mol

dova

Rom

ania

Ser

bia

Mon

tene

gro

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004



42


5. Declarations / Staff

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Albania 229 267 278 293 228

251

BiH 259 276 233 382 298 383

Bulgaria 267 306 339 561 737 746

Croatia 639 569 422 447 424 739

Macedonia 324 353 317 387 355 434

Moldova -- 63 80 147 110 163

Romania 190 248 320 379 439 530

Serbia -- 133 148 222 324 334

Montenegro -- -- -- 137 232 261

DECLARATIONS / STAFF

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Alb

ania

BiH

Bul

garia

Cro

atia

Mac

edon

ia

Mol

dova

Rom

ania

Ser

bia

Mon

tene

gro

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004



43


6. Cost per declaration (US$)

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Albania 29.72 34.66 33.40 22.00 37.81 34.10

BiH 25.03 36.89 41.24 30.95 43.65 45.89

Bulgaria 13.22 11.83 10.88 24.00 8.59 9.57

Croatia 20.35 21.11 28.06 30.00 38.32 25.66

Macedonia 19.82 16.44 16.75 39.00 27.68 27.73

Moldova -- 25.04 25.69 8.00 25.11 29.67

Romania 26.98 23.98 21.09 18.00 21.94 22.16

Serbia -- 21.23 32.23 21.54 29.66 37.82

Montenegro -- -- -- 66.04 37.37 39.55

COST PER DECLARATION

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Alb

ania

BiH

Bul

garia

Cro

atia

Mac

edon

ia

Mol

dova

Rom

ania

Ser

bia

Mon

tene

gro

US

D

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004



44

Annex 2 - TTFSE Performance Indicators as of December 2004 B - Border Crossing Operational Indicators Samples

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

330

Jun01

Sep01

Apr02

Jun02

Aug02

Oct02

Dec02

Feb03

Apr03

Jun03

Aug03

Oct-03

Dec-03

Feb-04

Apr-04

Jun-04

Aug-04

Oct-04

Dec-04

Clearance actual time (minutes) Clearance in <15 min. (%)Target time Target <15 min. (%)Clearance Time Trend

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Banja Luka, Clearance Times, December 2004

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

Jun01

Sep01

Apr02

Jun02

Aug02

Oct02

Dec02

Feb03

Apr03

Jun03

Aug03

Oct-03

Dec-03

Feb-04

Apr-04

Jun-04

Aug-04

Oct-04

Dec-04

%

Act.exam. Act. detect. Target exam. Target detect. Actual Examination Rate Trend

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Banja Luka, Examination Times, December 2004


45

Annex 2 - TTFSE Performance Indicators as of December 2004 B - Border Crossing Operational Indicators Samples (continued)

ALBANIA

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1999

2000

Apr

-01

Nov

-01

Dec

-01

Jan-

02F

eb-0

2M

ar-0

2A

pr-0

2M

ay-

Jun-

02Ju

l-02

Aug

-02

Sep

-02

Oct

-02

Nov

-02

Dec

-02

Jan-

03F

eb-0

3M

ar-0

3A

pr-0

3M

ay-

Jun-

03Ju

l-03

Aug

-03

Sep

-03

Oct

-03

Nov

-03

Dec

-03

Jan-

04F

eb-0

4M

ar-0

4A

pr-0

4M

ay-

Jun-

04Ju

l-04

Aug

-04

Sep

-04

Oct

-04

Nov

-04

Dec

-04

min

utes

Clearance actual time (minutes) Clearance in <15 min. (%)Target time Target <15 min. (%)Clearance Time Trend

Albania: Tirana, Clearance Times, December 2004

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Sep

-01

Nov

-01

Jan-

02

Mar

-02

May

-02

Jul-0

2

Sep

-02

Nov

-02

Jan-

03

Mar

-03

May

-03

Jul-0

3

Sep

-03

Nov

-03

Jan-

04

Mar

-04

May

-04

Jul-0

4

Sep

-04

Nov

-04

%

Actual examination Actual detectionTarget examination Target detectionActual Examination Rate Trend

Albania: Tirana, Examination Times, December 2004


46

Annex 2 - TTFSE Performance Indicators as of December 2004 B - Border Crossing Operational Indicators Samples (continued)

MACEDONIA

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Oct

-00

Dec

-00

Feb

-01

Apr

-01

Jun-

01

Aug

-01

Oct

-01

Dec

-01

Feb

-02

Apr

-02

Jun-

02

Aug

-02

Oct

-02

Dec

-02

Feb

-03

Apr

-03

Jun-

03

Aug

-03

Oct

-03

Dec

-03

Feb

-04

Apr

-04

Jun-

04

Aug

-04

Oct

-04

Dec

-04

Clearance actual time (minutes) Clearance in <15 min. (%) Target timeTarget <15 min. (%) Clearance Time Trend

Macedonia: Kumanovo, Clearance Times, November 2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Oct-00

Jan-01

Nov-01

Feb-02

May-02

Aug-02

Oct-02

Jan-03

Mar-03

May-03

Aug-03

Oct-03

Jan-04

Mar-04

May-04

Aug-04

Oct-04

Dec-04

%

Act.exam. Act. detect. Target exam. Target detect. Actual Examination Rate Trend

v

Macedonia: Kumanovo, Examination Times, November 2003


47

Annex 2 - TTFSE Performance Indicators as of December 2004 C. Macro Regional Indicators in 2001 and 2004

2001 Albania BiH_Fed BiH_RS Bulgaria Croatia Macedonia Moldova Romania Yugoslavia TotalTotal Customs revenue (USD) 349,000,000 353,157,892 159,512,167 1,155,500,000 2,121,083,303 324,144,933 144,830,000 1,891,500,000 315,921,155 6,814,649,450Total Customs cost (USD) 8,800,000 11,007,337 9,240,964 13,500,000 33,693,431 4,513,398 3,460,000 29,800,000 15,051,002 129,066,132Total Customs staff 948 1,156 1,047 3,665 2,845 850 1,692 4,414 3,154 19,771Total Customs salaries (USD) 4,450,000 6,757,716 4,094,738 9,500,000 25,851,864 2,993,643 1,780,000 10,300,000 8,616,928 74,344,889Annual number of declarations 263,454 331,451 187,524 1,241,230 1,200,750 269,417 134,659 1,413,042 466,985 5,508,512Value of recorded imports (Million USD) 1,063 2,169 858 7,143 7,539 1,296 900 16,352 4,506 41,826Value of recorded exports (Million USD) 308 568 285 5,190 4,127 573 596 15,616 1,989 29,252Trade volume (Million USD) 1,371 2,737 1,143 12,333 11,666 1,869 1,496 31,968 6,495 71,077

Revenue collected/Customs staff 368,143 305,500 152,352 315,280 745,548 381,347 85,597 428,523 100,165 344,679Total Customs cost/Revenue collected 2.52% 3.12% 5.79% 1.17% 1.59% 1.39% 2.39% 1.58% 4.76% 1.9%Salaries/Revenue collected 1.28% 1.91% 2.57% 0.82% 1.22% 0.92% 1.23% 0.54% 2.73% 1.1%Trade volume/Staff (USD) 1,446,203 2,367,647 1,091,213 3,365,075 4,100,527 2,198,824 883,875 7,242,411 2,059,290 3,595,014Declarations/Staff 278 287 179 339 422 317 80 320 148 279Cost per declaration 33 33 49 11 28 17 26 21 32 23

MACRO INDICATORS

2004 Albania BiH_Fed BiH_RS Bulgaria Croatia Macedonia Moldova Romania Serbia Montenegro TotalTotal Customs revenue (USD) 551,264,000 2,615,957,000 5,089,940,000 597,603,951 337,600,000 4,551,930,939 853,820,000 249,854,121 15,955,551,282Total Customs cost (USD) 8,820,224 26,131,000 59,552,000 10,159,267 8,800,000 49,054,007 30,620,000 4,798,181 228,724,346Total Customs staff 1,030 3,661 3,140 844 1,824 4,179 2,422 464 19,788Total Customs salaries (USD) 5,788,272 19,641,000 47,845,436 7,171,247 2,700,000 23,113,876 13,477,000 3,406,328 148,214,592Annual number of declarations 258,630 2,731,159 2,320,460 366,328 296,552 2,213,973 809,633 121,332 9,789,047Value of recorded imports (Million USD) 1,796 14,338 15,600 2,542 1,820 32,664 9,698 0 84,900Value of recorded exports (Million USD) 136 9,865 8,840 1,047 1,276 23,485 3,233 0 49,948Trade volume (Million USD) 1,932 24,203 24,440 3,589 3,096 56,149 12,930 1,469 136,317

Revenue collected/Customs staff 535,000 714,547 1,621,000 708,000 185,054 1,089,239 352,527 538,479 806,332Total Customs cost/Revenue collected 1.60% 1.00% 1.17% 1.70% 2.61% 1.08% 3.59% 1.92% 1.43%Salaries/Revenue collected 1.05% 0.75% 0.94% 1.20% 0.80% 0.51% 1.58% 1.36% 0.93%Trade volume/Staff (USD) 1,875,000 6,611,035 7,783,439 4,252,000 1,697,000 13,435,989 5,338,563 3,166,501 7Declarations/Staff 251 746 739 434 163 530 334 261 495Cost per declaration 34 10 26 28 30 22 38 40 23

1,107,581,271

MACRO INDICATORS

30,789,6672,223

25,071,433670,980

6,4422,0678,509

498,237

46

2.78%2.26%

3,827,710302


48

Annex 3 – TTFSE Program Contacts by Country

Albania National Coordinator Project Manager Trade Facilitation

Coordinator Website Coordinator WB Project Officer,

Tirana Mr. Arben Malaj Minister of Finance

Tel: (355 42) 27 937 Fax: (355 42) 27 937 MOF

Email: [email protected]

Ms. Sabina Shyti, MoF PIT, Deshmoret e Kombit, No 3. Tirana, Albania

Tel : (355 68) 20 46 336

Fax: (355 42) 67 637 Mobile: (355 38) 204 6336 E-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Luan Bregasi, President, Union of Chambers of Commerce and Industry (ALBAPRO) Secretary of ALBAPRO Ms. Ariola Shehaj Tel: (355 42) 32-446 Fax: (355 42) 27-997 Mobile: (355 69) 2501 844 [email protected]

Ms. Ariola Shehaj Tel: (355 42) 32-446 Fax: (355 42) 27-997 Mobile: (355 69) 2501 844 [email protected]

Mr. Artan Guxho [email protected]

Bosnia and Herzegovina National Coordinator Project Manager Trade Fa cilitation


Sarajevo Mr. Kemal Causevic Director of BiH Institutions for indirect taxation Tel:++387 51 335 494 Fax: ++387 51 335 370 e-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Kemal Karkin PID Director Tel: (387 71) 664 831 E-mail: [email protected]

Zijad Sinanovic Trade Facilitation and Website Coordinator E-Mail: [email protected]

Zijad Sinanovic Trade Facilitation and Website Coordinator E-Mail: [email protected]

Mr. Nikola Kerleta [email protected]

Bulgaria National Coordinator Project Manager Trade Facilitation


Sofia Stamen Stanoev Tassev Phone: (359 2) 9859 2005 Fax: (359 2) 987 2157 E-mail: [email protected]

Nedialka Cholakova Ministry of Finance Tel. (359 2) 9859 2709 E-mail: [email protected]

Krasimir Datzov BCCI Tel: (359 2) 989 6251 Fax: (359 2) 987 3209

Dilyana Slavova Executive Secretary of BULPRO 987 74 79 f. 987 32 09 [email protected]

Mr. Doncho Baralov [email protected]


49

Annex 3 – TTFSE Program Contacts by Country (continued)

Croatia National Coordinator Project Manager Trade Facilitation


Zagreb Mr. Mladen Barišic Director General Customs Directorate of the Republic of Croatia Humboldtova 4a 10000 Zagreb tel. + 385 (0) 1 61 02 461 fax. + 385 (0) 1 61 55 280 email [email protected] Ms. Dina Gacina (secretary) Email: [email protected]

Ms. Vesna Kadic Assistant Director General International Customs Cooperation tel: +385-1-6102420 E-mail: [email protected]

Sasa Subotic CRO-Pro President Croation Chamber of Economy, 1000 Zagreb, Draskoviceva 45 (PP 630) Tel: (385 1) 456 1572 Fax: (385 1) 456 1540 E-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Alexander Friedman Croatian Chamber of Commerce Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 2 Tel: (385 1) 456 1573 Fax: (385 1) 456 1520 E-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Stjepan Gabric [email protected]

Macedonia National Coordinator Project Manager Trade Facilitation


Skopje Mr. Nikola Popovski, Minister of Finance c/o Goran Anceski, Assistant to the Minister, MOF Tel: +389 (0)2 310 6454 Fax: +389 (0)2 310 6140 E-mail: [email protected]

Sladjana Damjanoska 13, Lazar Licenovski Str. 1000 Skopje Tel: +389(0)2 312 9155 Fax: +389 (0)2 323 7832 E-mail: [email protected]

Ljupco Kovcegarski Secretary General Economic Chamber of Macedonia E-mail: [email protected]

Ms. Sofce Jovanovska Head of the Information Centre Economic Chamber of Macedonia Tel: +389 (0)2 311 6543 Fax: +389 (0)2 311 6210 E-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Zarko Bogoev [email protected]

Moldova National Coordinator Project Manager Trade Facilitation


Chisinau Mr. Nicolae Vilcu, General Director The Department for Customs Control Tel. (373 2) 54 22 10 or (373 2) 54 94 60 Fax. (373 2) 27 30 61

Anna Sura, Proj. Implem. Team Tel. (373 2) 27 92 13 Fax. (373 2) 57 41 14 e-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Sergiu Harea, CCI Tel: (373 2) 24 51 48 Fax. (373 2) 24 14 53 E-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Ghenadie Taulean AITA Tel: (373 2) 27 88 49 Fax: (373 2) 27 88 38 E-mail: [email protected]

Ms. Silvia Paghinu [email protected]


50

Annex 3 – TTFSE Program Contacts by Country (continued)

Romania National Coordinator Project Manager Trade Facilitation


Bucharest Director General of Customs Administration

N/A

PROJECT CLOSED

Liliana Deac Director Foreign Relations Department Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania Tel: (40 1) 322 9516 Fax: (40 1) 322 9517 E-mail: [email protected]

Viorela Popescu Director of Trade Point Tel: (40 1) 336 0107 Fax: (40 1) 311 1491 E-mail: [email protected]

Mrs. Carmen Arhip [email protected]

Serbia and Montenegro National Coordinator Project Manager Trade Facilitation


Belgrade Mr. Dragan Jerinic Director General

Ministry of Finance Serbian Customs Administration Tel: (381 11) 695 025 Fax: (381 11) 690 614 E-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Miodrag Radusinovic Director General Customs Administration of Montenegro E-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Dragan Dragovic

Ministry of Finance Serbian Customs Administration Tel: (381 11) 311 6610 E-mail: [email protected]

Ms. Olivera Zivkovic

Customs Administration of Montenegro E-mail: [email protected]

Ms. Marica Vidanovic Serbian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Tel: (381 11) 324 8109 E-mail: [email protected]

Ms. Olivera Stankovic Serbian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Tel: (381 11) 324 8000 E-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Miroslav Frick [email protected]

Washington DC (U.S.A.) and World Bank Field Offices

Sector Manager Program Team Leader Task Team Leaders Regional Anchor STAT Regional Coordinator

Motoo Konishi Transport Sector Manager Tel: (202) 453 4278 Fax: (202) 614 0900 E-mail: [email protected]

Paulus A. Guitink Sr. Transport Specialist Tel: Skopje Field Office 389 2 3117 159 ext. 273 or 5250 273 (satellite) Fax 389 2 3117 627 Fax: (202) 614 0900 E-mail: [email protected]

Anca Dumitrescu Tel: (202) 458 9754 Transport Specialist TTFSE Anchor - HQ Fax: (202) 614 0900 E-mail: [email protected] Gérald Ollivier, Transport Specialist Trade Facilitation Coordinator Tel: (202) 458 4023 Fax: (202) 614 0900 E-mail: [email protected] Artan Guxho Projects Officer TTFSE Albania Tel: 355 4 240587 or 5246 153 (satellite) E-mail:

Vladimir Skendrovic Consultant Tel : 385 1 235 7222 ext. 7242 or 5240 7242 (satellite) TTFSE Regional Anchor – Field E-mail : [email protected]

Bob Olson (in Kiev) E-mail: [email protected]


51

[email protected] Doncho Barbalov Operations Officer TTFSE Bulgaria Tel: 359 2 969 7229 or 5245-226 (satellite) E-mail: [email protected] Zarko Bogoev Operations Officer TTFSE Macedonia Tel: 389 2 117 159 or 5250-235 (satellite) E-mail: [email protected]


52

Annex 4 - List of Border Crossing and Pilot Sites under the TTFSE Program

Location Infrastructure Design Project Border Pilot Inland Pilot Albania Durres X Qafe Morina X Qafe Thane X X Tirana X Bosnia-Herzegovina Doljani (Fed) X Gorica (Fed) X Grude (Fed) X Izacic (Fed) X X Kamensko (Fed) X Orasje (Fed) X X Banja Luka (RS) X

Gradiska (RS) X Novi Grad (RS) X Raca (RS) X X Bulgaria Bourgas X Plovdiv X Gyueshevo X X Kapitan Andreevo X Kulata X Rousse X X Vidin X Croatia Gradiska X Gunja X Jankomir X Macelj X Maljevac X Samac X


53

Slavonski Brod X Zupanja X Macedonia Deve Bair X X Kafasan X X Kumanovo X Tabanovce X X Moldova Chisinau X Leuseni X Palanca -Tudora X X Cahul X Romania Bacau X Constanta X X Giurgiu X Siret X Serbia and Montenegro Belgrade X

Podgorica X

Presevo X X

Gradina X X

Horgos X X

Debeli-Breg X X

Batrovci X X

Total: 28 3 23 10

ttfse progress report 2004 finala - world bank · 2016-07-17 · progress report 2004 v foreword...

Documents