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TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
Geology of the San Joaquin Valley
by
Terralog Technologies USA, Inc.
February 13, 2008
BP CO2 Sequestration
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
Oil fields in the southern San Joaquin Valley; studied fields in red
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
Field/AreaAPI
range
Shallowest producing interval
(API)
Average depth (ft), shallowest
interval
Deepest Producing Interval (API)
Average depth (ft),
deepest
Cumulative Oil
Produced (Mbbl)
Estimated Oil
Reserves (Mbbl)
Cumulative Gas
Produced (MMcf)
Estimated Gas
Reserves (MMcf)
Alphalto 19-35 Etchegoin (19 API) 3,050 Carneros (31-60 API) 8,570 36,953 891 112,087 8,825
Belridge North 13-52Tulare-Etchegoin (13
API)600 Y Sand (32 API) 8,550 136,553 27,443 737,318 46,716
Belridge South 11 to 37 Tulare (11 API) 400Devilwater/Gould (37
API)8,200 1,468,742 520,215 482,463 142,494
Buena Vista 666,802 8,155 1,094,261 49,710
Front Area 18 to 28Above Scalez (AS)
(18-28 API)4,200 Mulina (18-28 API) 4,300 131,305 1,445 60,112
not available
Buena Vista Hills 19 to 36Top Oil (Sub-Scalez)
(19-36 API)2,300
555 Stevens (26-32 API)
5,300 535,497 6,710 1,034,148 49,710
Coles Levee North
33-49 Stevens (33-49 API) 5,300Point of Rocks ABD
(57 API)17,500 164,522 1,333 248,091 2,196
Coles Levee South
30-56 Stevens (30-56 API) 9,600-9,900 Nozu (39.2 API) 11,680 59,162 488 459,449 13,758
Elk Hills 10 to 50 Tulare (10 API) 1,120 Agua (37 API) 9,500 1,285,267 106,544 2,149,720 707,176
Greeley 34-36 Stevens (36 API) 8,300Rio Bravo-Vedder
(36 API)11,300 115,509 1,678 108,750 1,977
Lost Hills 12 to 40 Tulare (12-18 API) 200 Devilwater (32 API) 4,200 367,536 109,773 627,835 117,950McKittrick 303,374 19,972 225,836 21,051
Main Area 12 to 32Tulare-San Joaquin
(12-19 API)300-500 Stevens (19-32 API)
2,000-4,750
200,565 2,643 33,417 60
Northeast Area 11 to 39Tulare (Amnicola)
(12-25 API)650 Oceanic (36 API) 8,300 102,809 17,329 192,419 20,992
Paloma 61,432 165 432,524 350
Main 35-55Paloma (Stevens; 35-
55 API)10,000-10,300
Lower Stevens (36-47 API)
11,500 60,197 165 422,970 350
Symons 29-60Symons (Stevens; 37-
60 API)11,400
Paloma (Stevens; 29-57 API)
11,900 1,235not
available9,553
not available
Rio Bravo 32-40"Upper Olcese" (32-
34 API)10,200 Hebling (35 API) 11,650 117,487 1,936 132,226 1,417
Yowlumne 32-34 Etchegoin (32 API) 10,400 10-4 (Stevens) 11,500 110,716 2,561 96,411 2,833
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
1999
Texas 1,464,000 barrels of oil per day
Louisiana 1,333,000 barrels of oil per day
Alaska 1,044,000 barrels of oil per day
California 876,000 barrels of oil per day
Kern County 560,000 barrels of oil per day
Oklahoma 193,000 barrels of oil per day
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000
Belridge South
Elk Hills
Buena Vista
Lost Hills
McKittrick
Coles Levee North
Belridge North
Rio Bravo
Greeley
Yowlumne
Paloma
Coles Levee South
Asphalto
Cumulative oil and condensate produced (Mbbl)
Cumulative oil and condensate production as of December, 2006 (DOGGR, 2007)
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000 2500000
Elk Hills
Buena Vista
Belridge North
Lost Hills
Belridge South
Coles Levee South
Paloma
Coles Levee North
McKittrick
Rio Bravo
Asphalto
Greeley
Yowlumne
Cumulative gas produced (MMcf)
Cumulative gas production as of December, 2006 (DOGGR, 2007)
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000
Elk Hills
Belridge South
Lost Hills
Buena Vista
Belridge North
McKittrick
Coles Levee South
Asphalto
Yowlumne
Coles Levee North
Greeley
Rio Bravo
Paloma
Estimated gas reserves (MMcf)
Estimated gas reserves as of December, 2006 (DOGGR, 2007)
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
Structure of the San Joaquin Valley.
NSB=Northern Sierran block; SSB=Southern Sierran block; NDH=northern Diablo homocline; WFB= westside fold belt; M-TS=Maricopa-Tejon subbasin
(Bartow, 1991)
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
(DOGGR, 1998)
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
San Joaquin basin stratigraphic column (Scheirer & Magoon, 2007)
Oil reservoir rock in greenGas reservoir rock in redShale dashed lines
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San Joaquin Valley
Typical sand and mud deposition in submarine fan turbidite systems (Henderson, 1987
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San Joaquin Valley
Formation/Member Age Depositional Environment Lithology
Tulare PleistoceneNon-marine alluvial, fluvial
& lacustrine Poorly consolidated gravels, sands, clays, silts;
occasional limestones and conglomerates
San Joaquin PlioceneRestrictive shallow marine
and non-marineAlternating clays interbedded with sands; graded
downward to marine sands, silts & shale; fossiliferous
Etchegoin PlioceneTransgressive shallow
marine shelf, deltaic, bay & estuary
Poorly sorted massive sands, shales, silts and clays; fossiliferous
Reef Ridge Miocene Deep marine basin Hard,siliceous shale, silty shale; thin sand lenses
Reef Ridge/Olig MioceneBasin margin & deep marine
fan/turbiditesMassive to thin-bedded sands, fine- to coarse-grained
Monterey/Antelope Shale Miocene Deep marine starved basinHard,siliceous shale, silty shale; minor sand & silt
laminations
Monterey/Stevens MioceneDeep-sea fan, channel
turbidites within deep basin Well-sorted, medium- to fine-grained sands
interbedded with shale; locally conglomeratic
Lower Monterey Miocene Deep marine starved basin Siliceous shale, interbedded silts & fine-grained sands
Upper Temblor/Carneros MioceneBasin margin & deep marine
fan/turbiditesMassive sands interbedded with thick shales
Freeman-Jewett/Olcese MioceneTransgressive
shallow/littoral to outer marine shelf
Fine- to medium-grained sands and silty sand; poorly to well sorted; friable
Lower Temblor/Santos-Agua OligoceneShallow to outer shelf &
slopeShale and siltstone with sandstone lenses; glauconitic
& phosphatic sandstone & siltstone
Vedder OligoceneDeltaic (?); inner shelf to
outer shelf & slopeWell-sorted, very fine- to medium-grained sandstone
with silt & shale interbeds
Tumey EoceneDeep marine basin; slope
turbidite (?)Basal massive siltstone; upper hard, siltstone & shale
Kreyenhagen/Point of Rocks EoceneHighstand slope & basin turbidites in deep marine
basin
Poorly sorted sands interbedded in bathyal, basinal shales
Major reservoir formations in the southern San Joaquin basin, their depositional environments and lithologies
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
Formation/Member Age Fields
Tulare PleistoceneBelridge North; Belridge South; Elk Hills; Lost Hills;
McKittrick Main & NE
San Joaquin PlioceneBuena Vista Front & Hills; Elk Hills; McKittrick Main
& NE
Etchegoin PlioceneAsphalto; Belridge North; Belridge South; Buena Vista
Front & Hills; Elk Hills; Lost Hills; Yowlumne
Reef Ridge MioceneBelridge North; Belridge South; Buena Vista Hills;
Lost Hills; McKittrick Main Reef Ridge/Olig Miocene Asphalto; Elk Hills; McKittrick Main & NE
Monterey/Antelope Shale
MioceneAsphalto; Belridge South; Buena Vista Hills;
McKittrick Main & NE
Monterey/Stevens MioceneAsphalto; Buena Vista Hills; Coles Levee North; Coles
Levee South; Elk Hills; Greeley; Mckittrick Main; Paloma; Yowlumne
Lower Monterey Miocene Lost Hills; Coles Levee SouthUpper
Temblor/CarnerosMiocene
Asphalto; Belridge North; Elk Hills; Lost Hills; McKittrick NE
Freeman-Jewett/Olcese
Miocene Greeley; Rio Bravo
Lower Temblor/Santos-Agua
Oligocene Belridge North; Elk Hills; McKittrick NE
Vedder Oligocene Greeley; Rio BravoTumey Eocene Belridge North; McKittrick NE
Kreyenhagen/Point of Rocks
Eocene McKittrick NE; Coles Levee North
Fields with production from major reservoir formations
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San Joaquin Valley
Potential Fields for CO2 Sequestration
Based on potential storage capacity (pore volume), multiple target zones below 5000ft depth and presence of seals
Elk Hills
Belridge North
Paloma
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
Elk Hills
Belridge North
Paloma
Rio Bravo
Yowlumne
Greeley
Coles Levee South
Coles Levee North
Buena Vista
McKttrick
Asphalto
Lost Hills
Belridge South
0.00E+00 5.00E+09 1.00E+10 1.50E+10 2.00E+10 2.50E+10 3.00E+10
Estimated pore volumes for studied fields
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San Joaquin Valley
Elk Hills
Discovered 1919
2,777 wells as of 12/2006
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Pliocene contour map and cross section showing strucutre of Elk Hills anticlines (Fiore,
et al., 2007)
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San Joaquin Valley
Miocene structure contour map (DOGGR, 1998)
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San Joaquin Valley
Cross section for Elk Hills (DOGGR, 1998)
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Stratigraphic column for Elk Hills
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TARGET ZONETHICKNESS
(ft)POROSITY (%)
AREA (mmft2)
PORE VOL (ft3) SEAL
Olig 15 21 271 8.56E+08 Reef Ridge Shale
Stevens 275 21 271 1.57E+10 Reef Ridge Shale
Northwest Stevens 200 21 46 1.78E+09 Reef Ridge Shale
Carneros 170 19 271 6.93E+09 Media Shale
Agua 480 - 1.1 - Santos Shale
Potential CO2 targets and seals for Elk Hills
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
Belridge North
Discovered in 1912
1072 wells as of 12/2006
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San Joaquin Valley
Structure contour map for the Oligocene of Belridge North (DOGGR, 1998)
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
Cross section and stratigraphy for
Belridge North (DOGGR, 1998)
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San Joaquin Valley
Extent of diatomite reservoir, North and South Belridge fields
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San Joaquin Valley
Potential CO2 target zones and seals for Belridge North
TARGET ZONETHICK-NESS (ft)
POROSITY (%)
AREA (mmft2)
PORE VOL (ft3) SEAL
“Temblor Sand” 600 25 67 1.01E+10 Devilwater/Gould shales
Carneros 80 17 67 9.11E+08 Media Shale
R Sand (Agua) 150 16 67 1.61E+09 Santos Shale
Bloemer/Belridge 64/Gibson
400 14 67 3.75E+09 Lower Santos Shale
Y Sand 75 15 67 7.54E+08 Cymric Shale
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San Joaquin Valley
Paloma
Discovered in 1939
28 wells as of 12/2006
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
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Structure contour map for the upper Miocene of the Paloma oil field
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
Cross section of the Paloma field (DOGGR, 1998)
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
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Stratigraphy for the Paloma field
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TARGET ZONETHICK-NESS (ft)
POROSITY (%)
AREA (mmft2)
PORE VOL (ft3) SEAL
Paloma (Stevens) 250 20 50 2.5E+09Antelope Shale and Reef Ridge
Shale
Lower Stevens 200 16 47 1.5E+09 Antelope Shale
Potential CO2 target zones and seals for the Paloma field
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley
CONCLUSIONS
Extensive regional shales and thick, lenticular sand bodies in multiple fields
Based on potential storage volume estimated from pore volume for producing zones at >5000ft depth, candidate fields for CO2 sequestration include:
Elk Hills
Belridge North
Paloma
TTILarge Scale CO2 Sequestration Options
San Joaquin Valley